High-speed electro-optic modulator

developing

Patents

optic systems

Electron gun controlled structure Applicant: Sandia

National

of space-deployable

system

front

charged

present

direct

substrate and

connected

electric

changes field

relative

conductive

electrodes ensures

substrate.

distributed

a single

thereby

material),

(c.g.

(and

possibly

within

each

deposition

electrons)

electric uniform

electrode.

Removal

of net electric

charge

can be effected

the

secondary

with

electron

of the backside

the power

supply.

controlling

space-based

optics,

deployable

and inflatabie

or

yield

system

the shape of

such as adaptive

antennas.

2001

Inventors: Jeffrey W. Martin,

normally-off mode

version

dispersion

is obtained

Tammy

Alan

D. Henson,

Main, Robert

in

by an

with

low

is obtained

by

of the recombiner.

version with low polarization

A

mode

by

with

at least

wherein

from

are on the same side of the modulator. using

a GRIN

fibre-optic

lens

cables.

device

optical

can

attenuator, modulator,

of the input

for the phase retarder

ceramic

lead

and

bio-active

lanthanum

preparing

Birendra

and is

ability

to

composition

Applicmt: Corning Current

optical

Applied switches

are not very satisfactory The majority present

Technologies, or modulator

for many

of active fibre-optic

applications.

- for example,

attenuators

- are based

intensity

February 2002

operation.

devices

devices used in

day systems

mechanical

USA

A key problem

fibre-optic on electrofor those

polymer

Developments

have

waste generated.

Paul

Zhang,

But monitoring leaves much process

surfaces biological

and/or

coatings

systems

which

and

in

increase

the anti-thrombogenici~

of,

example,

for

reactions,

however,

USA

medical

substrate

and

and

analysis,

and action is

in

Sophisticated

monitors

chromatographs

with

These

slow, multi-

strategy inefficient

has serious operation

on then

the process. not

expensive,

substrates.

for

to control

have been integrated

are generally

analysis,

if (such

sampling

bulky,

of temperature

methods are based

days,

but

extremes

to

of these processes

contro1

systems)

of the surface

about

actions

Crude

can exist within

are

feedback

composition

time

the that a

levels (actuators).

and control to be desired.

determine

determine

initiate

to optimal

monitoring

and

important

to provide

particular,

can

directly

It is critically

(sensors)

Corp., USA

species is an important

efficiencies

is available

process

Response

addressed

J.

presence

is a hot-

coatings

Life Systems,

the

costs of the process and indirectly

200 1

Applicant: Scimed

Richard

sensors

Research

goal since process

Dean Tsang, Feiling Wang

Bio-active

of

Patnaik,

detect

of chemical

interpretation

modulator

coating

methods

2002

K.

Low-cost multilaminate

batch

electro-optic

are and

this.

evolve the system

Run

A

onto

in the presence

for a substrate

an

zirconate

Hua Jiang,

in

agent.

bonded

disclosed

‘The

D. Watson

High-speed

Also

light. A

Y. Wang,

backbone

catalyst

end of the spacer

compositions

the

Gary

of the

on the polymer

be

US 6330097

Chen,

of the

more

agent is then covalently

catalyst.

and

groups

or

of an optional

an unreacted

method

Zou,

groups

the presence

one

a

which

at its first

of the amine with

is further

spacer

group

Applicant: Nanomateriak

composition.

Kevin

isocyanate

One

is pendant

There

Zdrahala

are particularly

The

to polarization

input

out of and back

switch or a high-speed

material

the

of light

as a variable

ends.

is reacted

amine

polymer isocyanate

group

backbone.

one

second

a

a free

amine-terminated

spacer

of

one

a bio-

is the reaction

providing

the isocyanate

the polymer

compositions

which

formed

of

towards

In particular,

Inventors:

output

Jing Zhao,

is described

period

In the present

coating

active coating

with

is directed

to this.

substrates.

that

polymer

in a shorter

for polymeric

backbone

process

of

invention

where

mode

Melman,

cross-linking

is also a need for

yield

Publication date: 15 January

reflection

titanate

negligible

amine-

the bio-activity

coating

results can be obtained

in the

to modulation

higher

can be

substrate

Patentnumbet: US 6338304

with a passive polarization

Similar

Inventors: Qiushui

John

rays,

of the voltage on the

Publication date: 11 December

Publication date: 2 October

James M. Redmond,

of the two

is a function

&bent number:

Patent number: US 6297579

phase retarder

rotator.

pressed

a

group,

light

of them miss the output

the orientation

preferred

provides

product

of

of

There

a solution

easy

is a need for that

a hydrophilic

agent.

are bio-active

An optical

the

uses

invention

and

There

to maximize

time. The present

In

be universally

process

bio-active

at

A

insensitive

of the bio-active

and

polymers.

spectrum

providing

polarized

from

that

spacer

causes the two rays to recombine

retarder.

optical

and

has at least

which

operated

a broad

A

amount

into

used surfaces

and

by side yields

cannot

surfaces.

coating

other.

path

the polarization

dispersion

to substrate

a bio-active with

iow

cross-linked

against

a

to

these reactions

hydrophilic,

case both

normally-on

addition,

to

which

suited

electric

The

changes

for

In transmission

unless an electro-optic

Versions

individual

can be used for actively

mirrors

improved

of surface

recombiner

of the

the intensity

light.

of

a simplified

rays, and one is made

a separate

direction

distributions

manipulation

potential

a

charge

by controlling through

of

by creating

different)

of

processes.

splits arbitrarily

into two polarization travel

materials

to control

or reflected

changing

eiectroactive

enables

is provided

mode, a separator

is

aims are to provide

and alignment

polarization

with

surface

other

over the distribution

charges

scanning

electronics,

distribution

front

this arrangement

control

side

associated

(or

rugged oxide

using

formation

are characterized lead

example

devices for

device

an output,

incidence,

the beam

a

the

film

front

control

placing

over

piezoelectric

multiple

of the charge

problems

By

electrodes

the

e-beam

raster

the

‘blooming’.

of

simplifying

and

reducing

across

of

to

state

Additional

transmitted

the

applied

Use

distribution

point

greatly

algorithm

within

solid

temperature.

modulator

charge

that

loss, and has a fast (100

changes,

which

terminated

of the incoming

object

assembly

by an

switch

a system

the

an

optical

time. Another

environmental

sheet

or

state

is to provide

invention

compensating

to an

to provide

ns or less) response

electrically

to a potential

a uniform

with

the

attenuator

a

whereby

are

the main

and

reactions

apphed

loss and is the basic

solid

to the polarization

so as to

in response

across

invention

controllable

loss

present

of rhe sheet; is

substrate,

of electric

electrode(s),

sheet;

a conductive

This

its shape

to

(for example,

electrode;

created

accumulation

the

particles

to the conductive

the sheet

of this

electrically

system

attached

disposed

supply.

Accordingly,

light, has low insertion

to the backside

power

requirement.

of a

electroactive

attached

a

performance

insensitive

The

low insertion operation

modulator,

side

the

fibres,

insensitivity

was

the shape

generator,

between

regular

fibre-

For devices used

polarization

and

material.

of the

insensitivity.

step syntheses,

is realizing

of low insertion

and polarization

objects

optical

requirement

invention

electrodes

onto

the shape

components

as well as the essential

a method

one or more

a beam of charged

electrons)

to

controlling

particle

USA

to obtain

relates

of electroactive

comprises: the

The

which

for actively

sheet

controlling

mirrors

surfaces.

developed,

smart

Laboratories,

A need exists for actively

quality

fibre-optic

speed and reliability,

weeks. as

and

gas transport

into the processes, and and

deficiencies

unsuited pressure.

for This

since it accepts

between the time samples

Smart MaterialsBulletin 0