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Histological Lesions and Cellular Response in the Skin of Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) Affected Spontaneously by Sarcoptic Mange
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
139
HISTOLOGICAL LESIONS AND CELLULAR RESPONSE IN THE SKIN OF ALPINE CHAMOIS (RUPICAPRA R. RUPICAPRA) AFFECTED SPONTANEOUSLY BY SARCOPTIC MANGE B. Salvadori *, G. Rocchigiani *, C. Lazzarotti *, N. Formenti y, z z T. Trogu , P. Lanfranchi , C. Zanardello x, C. Citterio { and A. Poli* *Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, yIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia, Bergamo, zDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, xIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCS3 Diagnostica Specialistica e Istopatologia, Legnaro and {Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCT2 Belluno, Belluno, Italy Introduction: Population dynamics of chamois (genus Rupicapra, subfamily Caprinae) can be influenced by infectious disease epizootics, of which sarcoptic mange is probably the most severe in the Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra). Materials and Methods: In this study, skin lesions and cellular inflammatory infiltrates were characterized in 44 Alpine chamois affected by sarcoptic mange. Dermal cellular responses were evaluated in comparison with chamois affected by trombiculosis and controls. Results: Both in sarcoptic mange and trombiculosis, a significant increase in eosinophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes and macrophages was detected. Moreover, in sarcoptic mange significantly more T lymphocytes and macrophages, compared with trombiculosis, were observed. Lesions in sarcoptic mange were classified into three grades according to crust thickness and correlated with mite counts. Grade 3 represented the most severe form with crust thickness O3.5 mm, high numbers of mites and severe parakeratosis with diffuse bacteria. Evidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity were detected in all three forms associated with diffuse severe epidermal hyperplasia. In grade 3, a significant increase in B lymphocytes was evident compared with grades 1 and 2, while eosinophil counts were significantly higher than in grade 1, but lower than in grade 2 lesions. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an involvement of nonprotective Th2 immune response could in part account for severe lesions of grade 3.
POXVIRUS INFECTION (‘TATTOO SKIN DISEASE’) IN TWO STRIPED DOLPHINS (STENELLA COERULEOALBA) STRANDED ALONG THE ITALIAN COASTLINE C. Cocumelli *, M. Senese *, G. Cardeti *, E. Ricci *, F. Ascione *, G. Di Guardo y, F. Scholl * and G. Terracciano* *Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana ‘M. Aleandri’ and yUniversity of Teramo, Teramo, Italy Introduction: ‘Tattoo skin disease’ (TSD) is a Poxvirus-induced cetacean disease characterized by typical skin lesions. Few pathological descriptions and a limited number of TDS reports are available worldwide. We describe herein the histological, biomolecular and virological identification of TSD in two striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Latium and Tuscany coasts of Italy in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Materials and Methods: A full necropsy examination was performed on the two male, juvenile and well-preserved dolphins under study, followed by detailed histopathological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. DNA extraction from skin lesion samples and PCR amplification of Poxvirus DNA polymerase were also carried out. Results: The first striped dolphin showed wide, coalescing, lightly grey skin lesions with dark edges (tattoos) on the head, while the second dolphin had a single, 2 cm, round, yellow lesion with slightly dark edges, affecting the mandibular region. Numerous Poxviruslike particles were observed in both animals’ skin samples by means of TEM. In the stratum spinosum, a multifocal, severe, hydropic degeneration of the keratinocytes was also apparent, with numerous round, 5e10 mm, eosinophilic, glassy structures (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies), compatible with type-B poxviral inclusions (‘Guarnieri bodies’). The overlying stratum corneum was mildly hyperplastic (1.5 times normal), with heavily hyperpigmented keratinocytes, occasionally hosting Guarnieri bodies. Viral DNA polymerase PCR allowed confirmation of the presence of Poxvirus in the skin from both dolphins. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of TSD in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF BUPNRENORPHINE IN THE BRAIN, LIVER, KIDNEY AND TESTIS OF RATS F. Moayer * and H. Ashrafzadehy *Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj and yDepartment of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Opiate abuse has been a matter of serious concern in adolescent people. The primary drug used in the treatment of opiate addiction is the partial m-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, which dissociates slowly from the receptors and has a long half-life. Opiates have side effects on various organs. In this survey, the effects of ascending doses of buprenorphine on male rat tissues were investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups (control and 1e6 treatment groups). The rats in groups 1 to 6 received 2, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 24 mg/kg buprenorphine intraperitoneally every day, respectively. After 21 days, rats were killed and their brain, liver, kidney and testes were removed for histopathological analysis. Results: In the brain samples, there was a significant reduction in neuronal and neuroglial cells in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. In kidney samples, there was hyperaemia, tubular necrosis, Malpighian corpuscle shrinkage and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the testis samples, there was seminiferous tubule necrosis and significant reduction in germinal epithelium, Leydig cells, spermiogenesis index and tubule differentiated index in association with increasing doses of buprenorphine. No pathological changes were observed in liver samples. Conclusions: Buprenorphine is a mixed agonisteantagonist opioid with low intrinsic activity and high affinity for the m-opioid receptor and with no intrinsic activity, but high affinity, for the k-opioid receptor. In this survey, we have shown that abuse or overdose administration of buprenorphine can cause pathological lesions in the brain, kidney and testes.
DECREASED GFAP EXPRESSION IN ASTROCYTES OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND PERIODONTITIS AND TREATED WITH RESVERATROL, CURCUMIN OR IBUPROFEN E.F. Bondan *, L.B. Viebig *, P.D. Dossa *, M.F.M. Martins * and M.Z. Casatiy *Department of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista, S~ao Paulo and yDepartment of Odontology, Universidade Paulista, S~ao Paulo, Brazil Introduction: Astrogliosis is a defensive transformation in response to injury and inflammation during which astrocytes undergo a complex morphological and functional remodelling involving hypertrophy and pronounced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PE) are both chronic inflammatory conditions in which astrogliosis is found extensively. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of resveratrol (RSV), curcumin (CU) and ibuprofen (IB) on the increased GFAP expression in rats with experimentally induced PE and RA. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: I, RA (induced by intradermal immunization with type II collagen in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant); II, PE (induced by a ligature for 11 days around the cervix of the mandibular first molars); III , RA + PE; IV, PE + IB; V, PE + RSV; VI, PE + CU; VII, RA + PE + IB; VIII, RA + PE + RSV; and IX, RA + PE + CU. Treatment with RSV (10 mg/kg), CU (100 mg/kg) or IB (2 mg/kg) was made orally for 30 days. On day 31, rats were killed and brainstem samples were collected for GFAP immunohistochemistry. Morphometry was performed using Metamorph software. Results: Treatment with IB, RSV or CU decreased, to the same extent, GFAP expression in groups I (RA), II (PE) and III (RA + PE). No difference in expression was found between groups I, II and III. Conclusions: IB, RSV and CU exhibited similar effects on reducing astrogliosis (as measured through GFAP expression) in all groups with experimentally induced PE and RA.
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
139
HISTOLOGICAL LESIONS AND CELLULAR RESPONSE IN THE SKIN OF ALPINE CHAMOIS (RUPICAPRA R. RUPICAPRA) AFFECTED SPONTANEOUSLY BY SARCOPTIC MANGE B. Salvadori *, G. Rocchigiani *, C. Lazzarotti *, N. Formenti y, z z T. Trogu , P. Lanfranchi , C. Zanardello x, C. Citterio { and A. Poli* *Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, yIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia, Bergamo, zDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, xIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCS3 Diagnostica Specialistica e Istopatologia, Legnaro and {Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCT2 Belluno, Belluno, Italy Introduction: Population dynamics of chamois (genus Rupicapra, subfamily Caprinae) can be influenced by infectious disease epizootics, of which sarcoptic mange is probably the most severe in the Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra). Materials and Methods: In this study, skin lesions and cellular inflammatory infiltrates were characterized in 44 Alpine chamois affected by sarcoptic mange. Dermal cellular responses were evaluated in comparison with chamois affected by trombiculosis and controls. Results: Both in sarcoptic mange and trombiculosis, a significant increase in eosinophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes and macrophages was detected. Moreover, in sarcoptic mange significantly more T lymphocytes and macrophages, compared with trombiculosis, were observed. Lesions in sarcoptic mange were classified into three grades according to crust thickness and correlated with mite counts. Grade 3 represented the most severe form with crust thickness O3.5 mm, high numbers of mites and severe parakeratosis with diffuse bacteria. Evidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity were detected in all three forms associated with diffuse severe epidermal hyperplasia. In grade 3, a significant increase in B lymphocytes was evident compared with grades 1 and 2, while eosinophil counts were significantly higher than in grade 1, but lower than in grade 2 lesions. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an involvement of nonprotective Th2 immune response could in part account for severe lesions of grade 3.
POXVIRUS INFECTION (‘TATTOO SKIN DISEASE’) IN TWO STRIPED DOLPHINS (STENELLA COERULEOALBA) STRANDED ALONG THE ITALIAN COASTLINE C. Cocumelli *, M. Senese *, G. Cardeti *, E. Ricci *, F. Ascione *, G. Di Guardo y, F. Scholl * and G. Terracciano* *Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana ‘M. Aleandri’ and yUniversity of Teramo, Teramo, Italy Introduction: ‘Tattoo skin disease’ (TSD) is a Poxvirus-induced cetacean disease characterized by typical skin lesions. Few pathological descriptions and a limited number of TDS reports are available worldwide. We describe herein the histological, biomolecular and virological identification of TSD in two striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Latium and Tuscany coasts of Italy in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Materials and Methods: A full necropsy examination was performed on the two male, juvenile and well-preserved dolphins under study, followed by detailed histopathological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. DNA extraction from skin lesion samples and PCR amplification of Poxvirus DNA polymerase were also carried out. Results: The first striped dolphin showed wide, coalescing, lightly grey skin lesions with dark edges (tattoos) on the head, while the second dolphin had a single, 2 cm, round, yellow lesion with slightly dark edges, affecting the mandibular region. Numerous Poxviruslike particles were observed in both animals’ skin samples by means of TEM. In the stratum spinosum, a multifocal, severe, hydropic degeneration of the keratinocytes was also apparent, with numerous round, 5e10 mm, eosinophilic, glassy structures (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies), compatible with type-B poxviral inclusions (‘Guarnieri bodies’). The overlying stratum corneum was mildly hyperplastic (1.5 times normal), with heavily hyperpigmented keratinocytes, occasionally hosting Guarnieri bodies. Viral DNA polymerase PCR allowed confirmation of the presence of Poxvirus in the skin from both dolphins. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of TSD in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF BUPNRENORPHINE IN THE BRAIN, LIVER, KIDNEY AND TESTIS OF RATS F. Moayer * and H. Ashrafzadehy *Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj and yDepartment of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Opiate abuse has been a matter of serious concern in adolescent people. The primary drug used in the treatment of opiate addiction is the partial m-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, which dissociates slowly from the receptors and has a long half-life. Opiates have side effects on various organs. In this survey, the effects of ascending doses of buprenorphine on male rat tissues were investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups (control and 1e6 treatment groups). The rats in groups 1 to 6 received 2, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 24 mg/kg buprenorphine intraperitoneally every day, respectively. After 21 days, rats were killed and their brain, liver, kidney and testes were removed for histopathological analysis. Results: In the brain samples, there was a significant reduction in neuronal and neuroglial cells in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. In kidney samples, there was hyperaemia, tubular necrosis, Malpighian corpuscle shrinkage and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the testis samples, there was seminiferous tubule necrosis and significant reduction in germinal epithelium, Leydig cells, spermiogenesis index and tubule differentiated index in association with increasing doses of buprenorphine. No pathological changes were observed in liver samples. Conclusions: Buprenorphine is a mixed agonisteantagonist opioid with low intrinsic activity and high affinity for the m-opioid receptor and with no intrinsic activity, but high affinity, for the k-opioid receptor. In this survey, we have shown that abuse or overdose administration of buprenorphine can cause pathological lesions in the brain, kidney and testes.
DECREASED GFAP EXPRESSION IN ASTROCYTES OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND PERIODONTITIS AND TREATED WITH RESVERATROL, CURCUMIN OR IBUPROFEN E.F. Bondan *, L.B. Viebig *, P.D. Dossa *, M.F.M. Martins * and M.Z. Casatiy *Department of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista, S~ao Paulo and yDepartment of Odontology, Universidade Paulista, S~ao Paulo, Brazil Introduction: Astrogliosis is a defensive transformation in response to injury and inflammation during which astrocytes undergo a complex morphological and functional remodelling involving hypertrophy and pronounced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PE) are both chronic inflammatory conditions in which astrogliosis is found extensively. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of resveratrol (RSV), curcumin (CU) and ibuprofen (IB) on the increased GFAP expression in rats with experimentally induced PE and RA. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: I, RA (induced by intradermal immunization with type II collagen in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant); II, PE (induced by a ligature for 11 days around the cervix of the mandibular first molars); III , RA + PE; IV, PE + IB; V, PE + RSV; VI, PE + CU; VII, RA + PE + IB; VIII, RA + PE + RSV; and IX, RA + PE + CU. Treatment with RSV (10 mg/kg), CU (100 mg/kg) or IB (2 mg/kg) was made orally for 30 days. On day 31, rats were killed and brainstem samples were collected for GFAP immunohistochemistry. Morphometry was performed using Metamorph software. Results: Treatment with IB, RSV or CU decreased, to the same extent, GFAP expression in groups I (RA), II (PE) and III (RA + PE). No difference in expression was found between groups I, II and III. Conclusions: IB, RSV and CU exhibited similar effects on reducing astrogliosis (as measured through GFAP expression) in all groups with experimentally induced PE and RA.