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HIV-1 and the CNS in infants and children
132
H I V - 1 a n d t h e C N S in i n f a n t s a n d c h i l d r e n A n i t a L. B e l m a n SUNy Stony Brook, NY, USA Key words: HIV-1; AIDS; CNS; Pediatrics and pediatric AIDS
HIV-1 related CNS disease including progressive encephalopathy may complicate the course of HIV-1 infection in infants and children. Neurologic dysfunction in these young patients adds significantly to the morbidity of the disease and is often a devastating complication. Evaluation of HIV-1 infection in infants and young children is complicated by numerous developmental parameters. Developmental stages of the nervous and immune systems when exposed to the virus are likely to interact in complex ways with HIV-1 variables. Current research efforts are focusing on issues related to pathogenesis of HIV-I mediated CNS disease(s), and biologic properties of HIV-1 that determine neurotropism and neuroinvasiveness. Con-
tinuing research efforts are also focused on the timing and route of congenital HIV-1 infection and CNS invasion. Ongoing longitudinal studies are examining the natural history of HIV-1 related CNS disease and progressive encephalopathy to delineate neurological characteristics, prognostic correlates, and surrogate markers of disease activity. Parallel clinical trials are examining the efficacy of various therapies and uniform measures of mental and motor functioning are being introduced. It is now critical to develop a better understanding of how HIV-1 affects the developing nervous system in order to design rational approaches for prevention and treatment.
Author Index Achim, C., 128 Belman, A.L., 132 Benveniste, E., 127 Clements, J.E., 129 da Cunha, A., 130 Dickson, D.W., 128 Fishman, M., 130 Ge, N., 128 Glass, J., 129 Griffin, D., 129 Griffin, J.W., 129
Hahn, B.H., 126 Hanson, A., 130 Hui, H., 126
Price, 1LW., 126
Li, Y., 126 Lipton, S.A., 129 Lyketsos, C., 130
Sharer, L.R., 128 Shaw, G.M., 126 Sidtis, J.J., 131
Masliah, E., 128 McArthur, J.C., 129, 131 McHugh, P.R., 130
Treisman, G., 130 Tyor, W., 129
O'Brien, W.A., 126 Oldstone, M.B.A., 127
Vitkovic, L., 130
Perry, S.W., 130
Rosenblatt, A., 130
Wesselingh, S, 129 Wiley, C., 128
H I V - 1 a n d t h e C N S in i n f a n t s a n d c h i l d r e n A n i t a L. B e l m a n SUNy Stony Brook, NY, USA Key words: HIV-1; AIDS; CNS; Pediatrics and pediatric AIDS
HIV-1 related CNS disease including progressive encephalopathy may complicate the course of HIV-1 infection in infants and children. Neurologic dysfunction in these young patients adds significantly to the morbidity of the disease and is often a devastating complication. Evaluation of HIV-1 infection in infants and young children is complicated by numerous developmental parameters. Developmental stages of the nervous and immune systems when exposed to the virus are likely to interact in complex ways with HIV-1 variables. Current research efforts are focusing on issues related to pathogenesis of HIV-I mediated CNS disease(s), and biologic properties of HIV-1 that determine neurotropism and neuroinvasiveness. Con-
tinuing research efforts are also focused on the timing and route of congenital HIV-1 infection and CNS invasion. Ongoing longitudinal studies are examining the natural history of HIV-1 related CNS disease and progressive encephalopathy to delineate neurological characteristics, prognostic correlates, and surrogate markers of disease activity. Parallel clinical trials are examining the efficacy of various therapies and uniform measures of mental and motor functioning are being introduced. It is now critical to develop a better understanding of how HIV-1 affects the developing nervous system in order to design rational approaches for prevention and treatment.
Author Index Achim, C., 128 Belman, A.L., 132 Benveniste, E., 127 Clements, J.E., 129 da Cunha, A., 130 Dickson, D.W., 128 Fishman, M., 130 Ge, N., 128 Glass, J., 129 Griffin, D., 129 Griffin, J.W., 129
Hahn, B.H., 126 Hanson, A., 130 Hui, H., 126
Price, 1LW., 126
Li, Y., 126 Lipton, S.A., 129 Lyketsos, C., 130
Sharer, L.R., 128 Shaw, G.M., 126 Sidtis, J.J., 131
Masliah, E., 128 McArthur, J.C., 129, 131 McHugh, P.R., 130
Treisman, G., 130 Tyor, W., 129
O'Brien, W.A., 126 Oldstone, M.B.A., 127
Vitkovic, L., 130
Perry, S.W., 130
Rosenblatt, A., 130
Wesselingh, S, 129 Wiley, C., 128