Hollow fibre membrane module

Patents Patent number: U S 5 3 8 5 6 7 2 Date: 31 J a n u a r y 1995 Inventors: E S P e t e r s o n , C J O r m e , ML S t o n e Applicant: E G & G I d a h o , Inc.

Hollow fibre membrane module To p r e v e n t hollow fibre membranes which have been a s s e m b l e d i n t o a m o d u l e from a d h e r i n g , even w h e n t h e m o d u l e is u s e d to filter h i g h l y p o l l u t e d water, w e b s of h o l l o w fibre m e m b r a n e s or h o l l o w fibre membrane bundles are arranged so t h a t t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l d i r e c t i o n of e a c h of t h e w e b s of h o l l o w fibre m e m b r a n e s differ from e a c h other. T h e o p e n e n d of e a c h h o l l o w fibre m e m b r a n e b u n d l e h a s o n e c o m m o n p a r t to collect water, in a c e n t r a l w a t e r pipe. E v e n w h e n t h e m o d u l e is u s e d to filter h i g h l y p o l l u t e d water with at least 50 ppm s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s or a t l e a s t 100 p p m t o t a l o r g a n i c c a r b o n i m p u r i t i e s , t h e h o l l o w f i b r e s do n o t b e c o m e fouled. Moreover, t h e filtering f u n c t i o n c a n e a s i l y a n d efficiently b e r e c o v e r e d if it d e c r e a s e s in u s e .

T h e lipid c a n b e o n e of t h r e e types: C 13H27-CH=CH-CH(OH)-CH(NH COR2)-CH2-OR4

s u c h t h a t f i l t r a t i o n is q u i c k e r a n d m o r e efficient. T h e m e m b r a n e lipid c a n b e r e c o v e r e d a n d recycled.

w h e r e R4 is e i t h e r h y d r o g e n o r g r o u p R3 below,

Patent number: W O 9 5 0 4 1 2 3 Date: 9 F e b r u a r y 1995 Inventors: PR S m i t h , M. v a n d e n K o m m e r Applicant: U n i l e v e r NV

CH2-O-(CO)-RI

l

CH-O-(CO)-R2

I

CH2-O-P w h e r e R1 a n d R2 a r e u n b r a n c h e d CI-C24 alky] c h a i n s , a t l e a s t o n e of w h i c h is C8-C24 in l e n g t h a n d P is a p h o s p h o r y l g r o u p , or CH2-O-(CO)-RI

I

CH-O-(CO)-R2

I

CH2-O-R3 w h e r e R3 is a s u g a r structure such as a monos a c c h a r i d e , d i s a c c h a r i d e or oligosaccharide residue. T h e oil is h e a t e d in t h e p r e s e n c e of t h e m e m b r a n e lipid, cooled in o r d e r to c r y s t a l l i s e t h e s t e a r i n p h a s e a n d filtered. T h e c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e of t h e s t e a r i n is

Protective

membrane Protecting delicate and valuable e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s from d a m a g i n g a t m o s p h e r e s is a g r o w i n g a r e a of r e s e a r c h , n o w that cameras, mobile phones, pagers, computers and autom o b i l e e l e c t r o n i c s all o p e r a t e in environments contaminated with d u s t or oils a n d g r e a s e s . T h e housings that contain these devices are not usually airtight, so s o m e e x c h a n g e of a i r w i t h t h e e x t e r n a l a t m o s p h e r e t a k e s place. The invention equips the o p e n i n g s in t h e c a s i n g s w i t h a m i c r o p o r o u s m e m b r a n e m a d e of two f l u o r o p o l y m e r s , o n e w i t h a n a l i p h a t i c cyclic s t r u c t u r e in t h e

Patent number: J P 7 0 2 4 2 6 7 Date: 27 J a n u a r y 1995 Inventor: K M a s u m i Applicant: M i t s u b i s h i R a y o n Co Ltd

Haze removal f r o m oils T h e c l a r i f i c a t i o n of v e g e t a b l e oils is a m a t t e r of c o u r s e in t h e p r o d u c t i o n of e d i b l e oils from c r u d e p a l m oil, c o c o n u t oil, c o t t o n s e e d oil, r a p e s e e d oil or s o y b e a n oil. T h e a p p e a r a n c e of t h e oil a t n o r m a l a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s affects its saleability and value. This i n v e n t i o n f r a c t i o n a t e s t h e oils u s i n g l i p i d s d e r i v e d from n a t u r a l membranes as a crystallization m o d i f i e r to i m p r o v e s e p a r a t i o n of t h e solid s t e a r i n p h a s e f r o m t h e liquid olein p h a s e .

HoUow fibre membrane module.

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