Hormones and Behavior: An emergent journal

Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

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Editorial

Hormones and Behavior: An emergent journal☆

T

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Editorship Hormones Behavior History Citations Publication SBN

Hormones and Behavior was founded in 1969 by Frank A. Beach and members of his laboratory. Prior to the founding there was no journal specifically devoted to hormones and behavior. This paper explores how the editorship of the journal has developed over the first 50 years, going from the initial three male editors to the current female editor-in-chief, five associate editors (four men and one women), and a 98 member editorial board consisting of 46 men and 52 women. Early concerns that a specialty journal of hormones and behavior might ghettoize the field did not come to pass and the visibility and impact of the journal has helped to expand the spread of the field, now called Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. This growth accelerated with the creation of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology in 1996 and the adoption of Hormones and Behavior as the Society's official journal. The growth has been striking with total annual citations going from 1321 per year in 1997 to the current 10,874 annual citations. The journal's impact factor (JIF), 1.42 in 1997, has increased to the current (2018) JIF of 3.95. Over the 50 years of Hormones and Behavior's existence it has emerged as a principle voice of the Hormones and Behavior community. It will be intriguing to see what the next 50 years reveals.

By 1969 the study of hormones and behavior, later to be known as behavioral endocrinology, and then behavioral neuroendocrinology, was well on its way to becoming a mature science (Beach, 1981). Research from the 1930s–40s had identified the steroid hormones that activate female and male sexual behavior (Collins et al., 1938; Beach, 1948) and the landmark paper describing the organizational effects of androgens on male and female sexual behavior had been published in 1959 (Phoenix et al., 1959). These landmark findings had been published in endocrine, physiological and even anatomical journals as there were no journals dedicated to hormones and behavior. This likely reflected that unlike endocrinology, there were no professional societies devoted to hormones and behavior. Instead three core laboratories defined much of the direction of hormones and behavior: Frank A. Beach, Daniel S. Lehrman, and William Caldwell (W.C.) Young (Dewsbury, 2003). There was also an international component to the field with the laboratories of Joe Herbert in Cambridge, UK; Geoffrey Harris in London and then Oxford, UK; Jean-Pierre Signoret in Tours, France; David DeWied in Utrecht, Netherlands; and Knut Larsson in Goteborg, Sweden publishing their work in Hormones and Behavior. Although this active field had neither a society nor a journal dedicated to hormones and behavior, the Beach and Young laboratories developed an explicitly informal annual meeting of sex researchers on the west coast of the US. This was referred to, in its most polite form, as the West Coast Sex Meeting (WCSM, Dewsbury, 2003). No similar meeting on hormones and behavior occurred on the east coast. In 1969 Lynwood Clemens, a former member of the Beach lab and a veteran of the West Coast Sex Meeting, joined the faculty of Michigan State and initiated the Eastern Conference on Reproductive Behavior (ECRB)

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along an informal structure similar to that of the West Coast Sex Meetings (WCSM, Dewsbury, 2003). Thus the late 60s was a time of expansion and development of work in hormones and behavior accompanied with a rapid increase in faculty and labs working in hormones and behavior. In retrospect the development of a journal devoted to this field seems inevitable. The exact details have been lost of how Hormones and Behavior came to be an Academic Press journal. What is known is that the impetus for the journal came from Frank Beach as the result of discussions with his graduate students, post-docs, as well as some of his former students (Sachs, personal communication). Not all members of the group favored the formation of a journal, with at least one member, Ben Sachs, arguing that a specialized journal in hormones and behavior could result in the work being marginalized compared to its impact when hormones and behavior research was published in the mainstream scientific journals of the day (Sachs, personal communication). As far as we know this concern did not slow the development of the journal. It is possible that there was broader consultation on the formation of a journal. For example, Dewsbury (2003) suggested “It is likely that plans for the journal Hormones and Behavior were hatched at the WCSM meetings.” I, however, could find no records of deliberations on the journal formation outside of the Beach lab. When formed, the journal was regarded by some as Beach's journal or as one colleague waggishly termed it, “Beach's house organ”. It was rumored when I was a graduate student in the 1970s that Beach owned the journal, but I could find no evidence to support this and Elsevier, the current publisher, has no records concerning the formation of the journal. Similarly, it is unknown how the journal title, Hormones and

This paper is part of the Virtual Special Issue, 50th Anniversary of Hormones and Behavior.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104692 Received 10 January 2020; Received in revised form 16 January 2020; Accepted 16 January 2020 0018-506X/ © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

Editorial

Behavior was published in 1969 with three male editors, Frank Beach, Julian Davidson, and Richard Whalen; all from Beach's lab (see Table 1 for the full names of all Editors-in-Chief, Associate Editors, and Special Issue Editors). There were neither associate editors nor an editorial board (see Table 2 for the history of all editorships of the journal up to volume 116). The first issue of Hormones and Behavior did not contain any announcement of the journal, description of its scope or publishing goals (see Fig. 1 for the table of contents of volume 1, issue 1). It is not known whether or how the journal was publicized in the hormones and behavior community, but at least one member of the Beach lab at that time remembers that lab members were expected to submit a paper for the first issue (Hart, personal communication). The eight papers published in this first issue came from authors with diverse research lineages. Three authors, Hart, Nadler and Sachs were current Beach lab members or had a connection to the Beach lab. The other five papers came from a diverse background. One, Barfield, connected to Danny Lehrman's lab, while Ward, connected to WC Young's lab through her mentor, Arnie Gerall. Seymour Levine represented a completely different neuroendocrine group being connected to Geoffrey Harris' group in the UK. Similarly Flavio Mena connected to the Mexican neuroendocrinology community, while Heidi Swanson, from the UK, was not connected to any identifiable neuroendocrine or hormones and behavior lab Thus from its very beginning, Hormones and Behavior had representation beyond members of Beach's lab. The initial editorial structure was sparse with only three editors, all men, no associate editors, nor an editorial board (Table 2). It is not known how articles were distributed among the editors. This was an allpaper era, so paper manuscripts and reviews needed to be exchanged across editors and reviewers. It is not known if Beach made the final decisions on all papers or whether that was distributed among the three editors. The first major change in the editorship was the addition of nine men as associate editors (AE, Table 2). The exact function that the AEs served is unknown. David Edwards (Edwards, personal communication), an AE at this time, recalls that the AEs reviewed papers, but that selection of reviewers, and publication decisions were handled by the three editors. Unlike today, there was no editorial board that served as a reviewer pool and there was no database of reviewers, putting a premium on the each editor's knowledge of people in the field to identify reviewers. The journal continued with this structure for the next three volumes with the only change being the addition of two more men to the AEs (Table 2). Julian Davidson stepped down as an editor after Volume 7 and was replaced by Robert W. Goy, adding an editor from WC Young's laboratory, which Goy now headed. Davidson became the 12th AE with Volume 8. This structure, three men as editors, 12 men as AEs, and no editorial board remained through Volume 20, issue 2. A marked change occurred on Volume 20, issue 3 (1986) as Frank Beach stepped down as editor and became emeritus editor with Goy and Whalen remaining as co-editors. This change was associated with reconfiguring the AEs, which had been relatively unchanged for 13 years, with several new men replacing some of the original AEs. The biggest change, however, was the addition of Elizabeth Adkins-Regan, MaiFang Cheng, Anke Erhardt, and Pauline Yahr, the first women to serve as AEs of the journal. In addition, Goy and Whalen added a new editorial category, “consulting editor” (CE, Table 2), consisting of 18 men and 5 women. As previously, the AEs did not appear to have special duties, but reviewed papers and consulted with the editors about the function and future of the journal. The CEs also served as a traditional editorial board and did much of the manuscript reviewing. This structure remained static until volume 24 with the addition of two women as CEs, bringing the total to 7 men and 4 women CEs. This remained the editorial structure through Volume 30. It has been suggested that the editorial structure was not appropriate for the rapid review of papers resulting in a large backlog of papers and long

Table 1 Full names (in alphabetical order) of the 9 Editors-in-Chief (EIC), 49 Associate (AE) or Consulting (CE) Editors, and 51 Special Issue Editors during the first 50 years of publication of Hormones and Behavior. Editors-in-Chief Adkins-Regan, Elizabeth Beach, Frank A. Baum, Michael Davidson, Julian Etgen, Anne Goy, Robert W McCormick, Cheryl Wallen, Kim Whalen, Richard

Volumes 55–60, 2009–2011 Volumes 1–20, 1969–1986 Volumes 31–46, 1997–2004 Volumes 1–7, 1969–1976 Volumes 47–54, 2005–2008 Volumes 8–30, 1977–1996 Volumes 113–116, 2019–Current Volumes 61–112, 2012–2019 Volumes 1–30, 1969–1996

Associate or Consulting Editors Adkins-Regan, Elizabeth Ehrhardt, Anke Adler, Norman Etgen, Anne Altmann, Jean Feder, Harvey Arnold, Art Goy, Robert W Balthazart, Jacques Hart, Benjamin Barfield, Ron Herbert, Joseph Bass, Andrew Hines, Melisa Baum, Michael Hutchinson, John Berenbaum, Sheri Kemnitz, Joseph Blaustein, Jeff Levine, Seymour Bridges, Robert Maney, Donna Carre', Justin McCarthy, Margaret Cheng, Mai-Fang McCormick, Cheryl Clemens, Lynwood McEwen, Bruce Crews, David Nelson, Randy Dunn, Adrian Pfaff, Don Edwards, David Special Issue Editors Ashley, Noah Balthazart, Jacques Barrett, Emily Baum, Michael Berenbaum, Sheri Bilbo, Staci Casto, Kathleen Champagne, Frances Choleris, Elena Coolen, Lique Delville, Yvon Demas, Gregory Doncarlos, Lydia Edwards, David Etgen, Anne Flanagan-Cato, Loretta Fleming,Alison

Frankfurt, Maya Garcia-Segura, Luis González-Mariscal, Gabriela Goy, Robert W. Guillamon, Antonio Heiman, Julia Higham, James Huhman, Kim Jordan, Cynthia Klein, Sabra Lederhandler, Israel Lévy, Frederic Lonstein, Joseph Luine, Victoria McCarthy, Margaret Mehta, Pranjal Orchinik, Miles

Remage-Healey, Luke Rose, Robert Roy, Marc Schlinger, Barney Sodersten, Per Spear, Norman Thompson, Richmond Truman, James Wade, Juli Wallen, Kim Wang, Xuoxin Wingfield, John Wood, Ruth Yahr, Pauline Young, Larry Zucker, Irving

Patisaul, Heather Petrulis, Aras Pfaff, Donald Remage-Healey, Luke Rissman, Emilie Roney, James Roselli, Charles Saldanha, Colin Schlinger, Barney Schneider, Jill Segovia, Santiago Sisk, Cheryl Sohrabji, Farida de Vries, Geert Wallen, Kim Wood, Ruth Young, Larry

Behavior was selected, most likely by Beach reflecting his 1948 volume of the same name (Beach, 1948). Interestingly six years after the journal's founding Beach renamed the field Behavioral Endocrinology (Beach, 1975). The following descriptions of the editorial history come from consulting paper copies of the early volumes, as the electronic records for the editorial board are incomplete or nonexistent before the 20th volume. Fortunately, Dr. Heino Meyer-Balburg, through the library at Columbia University, tracked down paper copies of the early volumes and the library scanned the covers and contents of early volumes, including a complete copy of Volume 1, issue 1. The cover of these early issues listed the editors (and later in addition consulting editors). Prior to Volume 20, however, the covers were only available on the paper copies as online electronic copies contained neither a copy of the cover, nor an editorial board page. This changed with Volume 20, Issue 1 (1986) when a copy of the editorial board became part of every electronic issue. Thus the information on editorships was verified from paper copies until Volume 20 and from electronic copies thereafter. Lost in the mist of time, is how the editorial structure was created. We know that the first issue of the first volume of Hormones and 2

Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

Editorial

Table 2 Editorial structure and gender distribution of editors of Hormones and Behavior for the volumes of the first 50 years. Vol

Year

Issues

Pages

Editor(s)

Associate Editors (AE)

Editorial Board (EB) Consulting editors (CE)

1

1969–70

4

369

None

None

2

1971

4

361

None

None

3

1972

4

398

None

None

4

1973

4

394

1974

4

408

6

1975

4

400

7

1976

4

520

8

1977

3

404

9

1977

3

389

Beach, Goy, Whalen

10

1978

3

298

Beach, Goy, Whalen

11

1978

3

420

Beach, Goy, Whalen

12

1979

3

311

Beach, Goy, Whalen

13

1979

3

329

Beach, Goy, Whalen

14

1980

4

374

Beach, Goy, Whalen

15

1981

4

461

Beach, Goy, Whalen

16

1962

4

494

Beach, Goy, Whalen

17

1983

4

434

Beach, Goy, Whalen

18

1984

4

496

Beach, Goy, Whalen

19

1985

4

500

Beach, Goy, Whalen

20

1986

4

502

Beach, Goy, Whalen

1986

1

Adler, Clemens, Edwards, Feder, Goy, Hart, Herbert, Levine, Pfaff 9 men Adler, Clemens, Edwards, Feder, Goy, Hart, Herbert, Levine, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 11 men Adler, Clemens, Edwards, Feder, Goy, Hart, Herbert, Levine, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 11 men Adler, Clemens, Edwards, Feder, Goy, Hart, Herbert, Levine, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 11 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Davidson, Edwards, Feder, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adler, Clemens, Edwards, Feder, Goy, Hart, Herbert, Levine, McEwen, Pfaff, Rose, Spear 12 men Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Truman, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women

None

5

Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Davidson, Whalen Beach, Goy, Whalen

21

1987

4

552

Goy, Whalen

22

1988

4

573

Goy, Whalen

23

1989

4

591

Goy, Whalen

24

1990

4

597

Goy, Whalen

25

1991

4

583

Goy, Whalen

V20

Issue 3

Goy, Whalen

Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Truman, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Truman, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Truman, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Truman, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women

None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None Consulting editors (CE) CE: 18 men, 5 women Beach Emeritus CE: 18 men, 5 women Beach Emeritus CE: 18 men, 7 women Beach Emeritus CE: 18 men, 7 women CE: 18 men, 7 women CE: 18 men, 7 women

(continued on next page) 3

Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

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Table 2 (continued) Vol

Year

Issues

Pages

Editor(s)

Associate Editors (AE)

26

1992

4

603

Goy, Whalen

27

1993

4

585

Goy, Whalen

28

1994

4

558

Goy, Whalen

29

1995

4

558

Goy, Whalen

30

1996

4

694

Goy, Whalen

31a

1997

3

306

Baum

32

1997

3

228

Baum

33

1998

3

230

Baum

34

1998

3

332

Baum

35

1999

3

281

Baum

36

1999

3

300

Baum

37

2000

4

410

Baum

38

2000

4

277

Baum

39

2001

4

359

Baum

40

2001

4

565

Baum

41

2002

4

506

Baum

42

2002

4

502

Baum

43

2003

5

588

Baum

44

2003

5

444

Baum

45

2004

5

369

Baum

46

2004

5

718

Baum

47

2005

5

630

Etgen

48

2005

5

556

Etgen

49

2006

5

702

Etgen

50

2006

5

798

Etgen

51

2007

5

666

Etgen

52

2007

5

672

Etgen

53

2008

5

766

Etgen

54

2008

5

774

Etgen

55

2009

5

666

Adkins-Regan

56

2009

5

574

Adkins-Regan

57

2010

5

522

Adkins-Regan

58

2010

5

942

Adkins-Regan

59

2011

5

792

Adkins-Regan

Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Adkins-Regan, Arnold, Barfield, Baum, Bridges, Cheng, Hutchinson, Kemnitz, Roy, Sodersten, Yahr, Zucker 11 men, 4 women Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Etgen, Wallen, Wingfield 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Bass, McCarthy, Wallen 2 men, 1 woman Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men,1 woman Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men, 1 woman Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men, 1 woman Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men, 1 woman Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men, 1 woman

Editorial Board (EB) Consulting editors (CE) Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt,

CE: 18 men, 7 women

Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt,

CE: 18 men, 7 women

Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt,

CE: 18 men, 7 women

Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt,

CE: 18 men, 7 women

Crews, Dunn, Ehrhardt,

CE: 19 men, 7 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 24 men, 17 women EB: 31 men, 19 women EB: 31 men 19 women EB: 31 men, women EB: 31 men, women EB: 31 men, women EB: 31 men, women EB: 31 men, women EB: 31 men, women EB: 29 men, women EB: 29 men, women EB: 27 men, women EB: 27 men, women EB: 27 men, women EB: 24 men, women EB: 21 men, women EB: 21 men, women EB: 25 men, women EB: 25 men, women EB: 25 men, women EB: 28 men, women EB: 28 men, women

19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 25 25 25 29 30 30 28 28 28 28 28

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Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

Editorial

Table 2 (continued) Vol

Year

Issues

Pages

Editor(s)

Associate Editors (AE)

Editorial Board (EB) Consulting editors (CE)

60

2011

5

722

Adkins-Regan

61

2012

5

774

Wallen

62

2012

5

621

Wallen

63

2013

5

836

Wallen

64

2013

5

856

Wallen

65

2014

5

526

Wallen

66

2014

5

836

Wallen

67b

2015

1

88

Wallen

68

2015

1

144

Wallen

69

2015

1

152

Wallen

70

2015

1

92

Wallen

71

2015

1

96

Wallen

72

2015

1

88

Wallen

73

2015

1

200

Wallen

74

2015

1

242

Wallen

75

2015

1

160

Wallen

76

2015

1

162

Wallen

77

2016

1

284

Wallen

78

2016

1

230

Wallen

79

2016

1

84

Wallen

80

2016

1

150

Wallen

81

2016

1

106

Wallen

82

2016

1

100

Wallen

83

2016

1

92

Wallen

84

2016

1

166

Wallen

85

2016

1

108

Wallen

86

2016

1

84

Wallen

87

2017

1

176

Wallen

88

2017

1

88

Wallen

89

2017

1

200

Wallen

EB: 28 men, women EB: 33 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 34 men, women EB: 20 men, womenc EB: 34 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 43 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women

90

2017

1

140

Wallen

91

2017

1

136

Wallen

92

2017

1

196

Wallen

93

2017

1

204

Wallen

Altmann, Wood, Young 2 men 1 woman Hines, Nelson, Schlinger, Wang 3 men, 1 woman Hines, Nelson, Schlinger, Wang 3 men, 1 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Schlinger, Wang 3 men, 1 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Schlinger, Wang 3 men, 1 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Nelson, Maney, Wang 2 men, 2 woman Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson, Wang 2 men, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson 1 man, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson 1 man, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson 1 man, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, Nelson 1 man, 3 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, McCormick, Nelson 1 man, 4 women Berenbaum, Maney, McCarthy, McCormick, Nelson 1 man, 4 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Nelson, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 2 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 2 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 2 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 2 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 2 men, 2 women

28 43 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 18 45 45 45 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45

EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women

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Hormones and Behavior 121 (2020) 104692

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Table 2 (continued) Vol

Year

Issues

Pages

Editor(s)

Associate Editors (AE)

Editorial Board (EB) Consulting editors (CE)

94

2017

1

162

Wallen

EB: 44 men, 45 women

95

2017

1

112

Wallen

96

2017

1

196

Wallen

97

2018

1

170

Wallen

98

2018

1

224

Wallen

99

2018

1

62

Wallen

100

2018

1

106

Wallen

101

2018

1

148

Wallen

102

2018

1

138

Wallen

103

2018

1

140

Wallen

104

2018

1

216

Wallen

105

2018

1

184

Wallen

106

2018

1

196

Wallen

107

2019

1

110

Wallen

108

2019

1

104

Wallen

109

2019

1

70

Wallen

110

2019

1

98

Wallen

111

2019

1

134

Wallen

112

2019

1

108

Wallen

113

2019

1

102

Wallen

114

2019

1

In progress

McCormick

115

2019

1

In progress

McCormick

116

2019

1

In progress

McCormick

Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, Blaustein, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey 3 men, 2 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healey, Wade 2 men, 3 women Balthazart, Carre', McCarthy, Remage-Healey, Thompson 4 men, 1 woman Balthazart, Carre', McCarthy, Remage-Healey, Thompson 4 men, 1 woman Balthazart, Carre', McCarthy, Remage-Healey, Thompson 4 men, 1 woman

EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, 45 women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 44 men, women EB: 46 men, women EB: 46 men, women EB: 46 men, women

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 52 52 52

a Hormones and Behavior becomes the Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (SBN) and expands from 4 issues to 6 issues (two volumes) per year. b With Volume 67 Hormones and Behavior went to 10 issues per year, each one a volume. c It is not clear what this editorial board represents. The online version lists 38 members for volume 72, compared to the 79 listed for volume 71 and 88 for volume 73. The list for volume 72 appears to be partial, likely reflecting new members to be added to the editorial board.

intervals from submission to decision. The reputation of the journal, while it remained the only exclusively hormones and behavior journal, was problematic. Submissions were declining and it was clear from looking at the state of the field, that many behavioral endocrinology researchers were not submitting their best work to Hormones and Behavior, but were publishing in Endocrinology, which had a very high impact factor and was more prestigious than was Hormones and

Behavior at that time. There was talk at the Conference of Reproductive Behavior (CRB) meetings that the journal might fold. By 1996, after 27 years, the journal was still not associated with a professional society that could provide stability. With the creation of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (SBN) in 1996, this changed as part of forming SBN was negotiating with the publisher of Hormones and Behavior to make it the official journal of the SBN. The 6

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Fig. 1. The table of contents of Issue 1 of Volume 1 of Hormones and Behavior. Though the journal was founded by Beach and his lab, the first issue reflected contributions from a number of different labs.

editorial structure underwent a radical change when Michael Baum was appointed Editor in Chief (EIC) of the journal. The AEs were reduced to three, Anne Etgen, Kim Wallen, and John Wingfield. The CEs were replaced with a 41 member editorial board (24 men and 17 women), providing many more committed reviewers. The AEs continued to serve as a sounding board for the EIC, reviewed papers in their area of specialty and consulted on the functioning of the editorial team. The EIC however, handled all papers and made all decisions, a Herculean task that Baum skillfully executed and review and publication times became much shorter. Michael Baum became EIC when the journal was at a low point. As shown in Fig. 2, the journal was receiving less than 1321 citations per year and its Journal Impact Factor (JIF) was 1.42. There remained a perception that the journal was wounded and might not survive. Fortunately, the journal survived and prospered. Baum served two 4-year terms as EIC and by the time he retired in 2004 the journal was receiving 3341 citations per year and its JIF was a respectable 3.65.

Because the JIF is calculated using citations to most recent two years of articles, the actual JIF is delayed by two years, thus the last JIF of Baum's tenure did not occur in 2006 making the actual final JIF of his editorship 3.79 (Fig. 2), the highest JIF yet in the journal's history. The journal was no longer on life support, had significantly improved, and started to attract some of the best work in hormones and behavior. The EIC is limited by SBN bylaws to two 4 year terms, thus Baum stepped down as EIC at the end of his second term in 2004. Anne Etgen replaced Michael Baum in 2005 as EIC, becoming the first woman EIC in the journal's 38 year history. Etgen restructured the editorial board, which Baum had increased to 50 (31 men and 19 women), expanding it to 51 members and altering the gender composition to 12 men and 30 women, the first time editorial board had more women than men. By this time Elsevier had become the publisher of Hormones and Behavior and introduced Elsevier Editorial System (EES) creating in a completely electronic editorial process. Thus Hormones and Behavior moved from a completely paper-based editorial system to

Fig. 2. Annual citations and journal impact factor (JIF) from 1997 to 2018. Citations have consistently increased as would be expected as the journal accumulates issues. JIF increased dramatically once the journal became the official journal of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. 7

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a completely electronic editorial system. Andrew Bass, Margaret McCarthy, and Kim Wallen were appointed as AEs by Etgen. While the EIC continued to receive all manuscripts Etgen, with the advent of EES, assigned about five articles per year to each AE, who then handled the review and decision process. The AEs also continued to serve as specialty reviewers and consultants to the EIC. During Etgen's tenure annual journal citations increased from 3796 to 5638 (Fig. 2) and the JIF increased from 3.74 in 2005 to 3.87 in 2008 (Fig. 2), though in reality, because of the way in which JIF is calculated Etgen's actual final JIF (3.99, Fig. 2) 2) occurred in 2011, two years after the end of her term; again, the highest JIF in the journal's history up to that time. Etgen stepped down as EIC in 2008 after her first term and Elizabeth AdkinsRegan was selected as EIC. Elizabeth Adkins-Regan was the first EIC to have an electronic editorial system from the beginning of her EIC tenure. She appointed Jean Altman, Ruth Wood, and Larry Young as AEs and reconfigured the editorial board appointing 53 EB members (25 men and 28 women). She later increased the EB to 56 members (28 men and 28 women). The biggest editorial change during Adkins-Regan's tenure was that AEs now handled about 25% of the total articles, selecting reviewers and making the initial and final decision on publication. The recommendations of the AEs for a decision went through the EIC who issued the decision letters, but the AEs now took a more active role in the review process, a pattern that would continue under subsequent EICS. There was some confusion during Adkins-Regan's term about the length of the EIC term. The Elsevier publisher, apparently unaware of the term as set in the SBN bylaws, created a three-year contract with Elsevier for Adkins-Regan. As a result Adkins-Regan served a three-year term and for other reasons did not renew for a second term. Although her term was short, Hormones and Behavior showed significant growth during Adkins-Regan's tenure. From 2009 to 2011 citations went from 6231 to 7262 (Fig. 2). The journal's JIF was relatively constant during her term, but two years after the end of Adkins-Regan's term (2013), which would reflect the impact of articles published while she was EIC, the journal's JIF was 4.51, the first time the JIF exceeded 4.0 and the highest JIF in its history, evidence that articles published in Hormones and Behavior were having an increased impact. When Adkins-Regan completed her term in Kim Wallen was selected as EIC starting in 2012. Wallen significantly increased the editorial board to 78 (34 men and 44 women, Table 2). With Volume 65 (2014) the EB increased to 79 (34 men and 45 women), and increased to 88 with Volume 74 (2015, 43 men and 45 women), decreased to 87 (43men and 44women) for Volume 76 to Volume 85 (2016). With Volume 86 the EB increased to 89 (43 men and 45 women) where it remained for the rest of Wallen's tenure through Volume 113. Wallen had a new conceptualization of the role the AEs would play in the journal. He recruited four AEs (Melissa Hines, Randy Nelson, Barney Schlinger, and Xuoxin Wang), each of whom would have primary responsibility for a domain of articles considered for publication in the journal. These AEs would handle all of the articles submitted in their domain as identified by the EIC. Melissa Hines was responsible for articles based on work with humans. Randy Nelson focused on mechanistic studies in animals. Barney Schlinger handled avian studies. While Xuoxin Wang handled animal studies of socioendocrinology. Kim Wallen as EIC handled the initial review of all articles and forwarded articles that were not desk-rejected to the appropriate AE. This resulted in AEs each handling the review process for approximately 60 articles per year. In 2013 the AEs changed when Sheri Berenbaum replaced Melisa Hines as the AE for human studies and the EB increased to 34 men and 44 women. In 2014 Donna Maney replaced Barney Schlinger as the AE focused on avian studies. The EB recruited one additional woman and now had 79 members (Table 2). The biggest change occurred on September 11, 2015 when Hormones and Behavior migrated from EES to Elsevier's proprietary electronic editorial system Evise, which was

owned and developed by Elsevier, unlike EES which was owned by a different company and for which Elsevier paid royalties. Evise developed, owned and patented Evise as an online document management system (https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=09430468) with the intent of transitioning all Elsevier published journals to this system. Wallen was informed that Evise had been successfully used in a number of Elsevier journals and was ready to roll out to all Elsevier journals. On this basis we agreed to move our manuscript management system to Evise, though it would require that we would have to run both EES and Evise at the same time, until the articles entered in EES were finished. The transition was a disaster as we soon learned that Evise was not a stable product, but was failure prone and, when it was working, was much more complicated than was EES. The result was that the manuscript handling process took much longer under Evise than under EES, markedly slowing the editorial process. In addition, bugs in Evise resulted in reviewers receiving requests to review to which they could not respond because Evise generated invitations with dead response links. In other cases articles would disappear, requiring much effort to track them down. All the while the editors were responsible for handling the articles still in EES as well as new articles in Evise. By the time we realized that Evise was not a functional manuscript management system returning to EES was not viable because it would still require completing the articles in Evise as Elsevier refused to move current Evise articles to EES. As a result of these problems time to first decision for articles in Evise was more than twice as long as was the case in EES. There was great concern among the editorial team that people would stop submitting articles to Hormones and Behavior as horror stories of long editorial delays spread through the behavioral neuroendocrinology community. There was, however, no reliable alternative and the editorial team committed substantial time and effort to making Evise work. Coincident with the transition to Evise the journal's JIF declined substantially. In 2014 the JIF reached 4.63, the highest in the journal's history, but in 2015 and 2016 the JIF declined to 3.34 and 3.38 respectively, one of the largest, if not the largest, decline in JIF since 1997. While it is hard to see how the problems with Evise could affect citations, it appears that they did. Elsevier finally recognized that Evise was not a reliable editorial management system, bought the company that owned the system underlying EES, and developed a new editorial management system Editorial Manager (EM). On October 15, 2019 all manuscripts were transferred to EM. While EM has only been in operation for a little over two months, the transition is going well with none of the problems that plagued Evise. In 2015 a fifth AE, McCarthy was added to complement Nelson in the review of mechanistic studies. This reduced the papers handled by each AE to approximately 50, a more manageable load. In 2016 Wang retired from the journal and McCormick was recruited to address studies of stress, which had become one of the fastest growing areas of submissions to the journal. In 2017 Berenbaum, Maney, and Nelson retired and Balthazart, Remage-Healey, and Blaustein were recruited to fill avian studies as well as other animal studies (Table 2). In 2018 Wade was added to AEs for a comparative perspective. For the rest of Wallen's EIC tenure Balthazart, McCarthy, McCormick, Remage-Healy, and Wade remained the AEs. Knowing that Wallen's term would be ending in 2019, the SBN recruited Cheryl McCormick as the next EIC of Hormones and Behavior in early 2019. Once this was decided and with Cheryl's willingness to start her editorship early, Wallen resigned his appointment as EIC coincident with the SBN annual meeting at the Indiana University. This would put the transition of EICs now in sync with the annual meetings, which seemed a good idea. Thus at the end June 2019 Wallen stepped down and McCormick became the new EIC. This was a marked change as McCormick became the first Non-USA and first Canadian EIC in the journal's history. What had started as one person's vision emerged as an international influence. McCormick restructured the AEs with Justin Carre' replacing 8

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Table 3 Editors of Special Issues published in Hormones and Behavior during its first 50 years. Year

Volume

Issue

Special Issue Title

Editor(s)

1994 1996 1997

28 30 31

4 4 3

2001

40

2

The 2nd US-Japan-Symposium on Brain and Steroids Sex Differences in Behavior and Sexual Differentiation of the Central Nervous System Something Old/Something New: Single Gene Mutations, Gene Knockouts and New Opportunities in Behavioral Neuroscience Invited Talks: Sixth International Conference on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior and the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology

2003 2004

43 44

3

Stress Hormones and Behavior Special Issue on Aggressive and Violent Behavior

2004 2005 2006

46 48 50

3 4 4

Olfaction, Sex, and Behavior Special Issue on Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Evolving: Contributions of Comparative and Field Studies Translational Topics in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology

2007

52

1

Reproductive Behavior in Farm and Laboratory Animals

2008

53

5

Androgens in Health and Disease: New Insights into Roles and Mechanisms of Action,

2009 2010

55 57

5 1

2010 2011

58 59

1 3

50th Anniversary of the Publication of Phoenix, Goy, Gerall & Young 1959: Organizational Effects of Hormones Sex-Specific Therapeutic Strategies Based on Neuroactive Steroids: In Search of Innovative Tools for Neuroprotection Sex and drugs: sex differences and hormonal effects on drug abuse Special Issue: Behavioral Epigenetics

Robert W. Goy Robert w. Goy Israel Lederhendler Emilie Rissman Margaret McCarthy Antonio Guillamon Luis Garcia-Segura Santiago Segovia Miles Orchinik Yvon Delville Emilie Rissman Israel Lederhendler Michael Baum Barney Schlinger Geert de Vries Margaret McCarthy Gabriela González-Mariscal Charles Roselli Cynthia Jordan Lydia Doncarlos Kim Wallen Anne Etgen

2011

59

5

Special Issue on Research on Sexual Arousal

2012

61

3

Oxytocin, vasopressin and social behavior

2012

62

3

Special Issue: The Neuroendocrine–Immune Axis in Health and Disease

2013

63

2

Hormones & Neurotrauma: Protection, Degeneration and Plasticity

2013

64

2

Puberty and Adolescence

2014 2015 2015

66 68 74

1 1 1

Energy Homeostasis in Context Chemosignals and Reproduction Estradiol and Cognition: Molecules to Mind

2015 2016

76 77

1 1

Annual Conference SBN 2014 Parental Care

2017

88

1

Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions: Implications for Integrative and Comparative Physiologists

2017

91

1

Field endocrinology of nonhuman primates and humans

2017

92

1

Hormones and Human Competition

2018

101

1

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Behavior

2018

104

1

SI: Fast Effects of Steroids

2019

111

1

SBN/ICN Meeting 2018

McCormick to handle human studies and Richmond Thompson replacing Juli Wade as the comparative AE. McCarthy, who served as an AE for more than 7 years, stepped down at the end of 2019 and was replaced by Anne Murphy. In addition the EB was expanded to 98 (46 men and 52 women), the largest EB ever. Thus in its 50 years Hormones and Behavior has gone from three editors to an EIC, five AEs and an EB of 98. This growth in editorship has corresponded to a growth in citations, from 1321 in 1997 to 10,874 in 2018, and a growth in JIF from 1.42 in 1997 to 3.95 in 2018. Starting in 1984 Hormones and Behavior has included special issues (SI) that are usually guest edited (Table 3). These are often based on a single concept or domain or are selected articles from a scientific meeting. These SIs, often consisting primarily of reviews, typically

Ruth Wood Emilie Rissman Frances Champagne Julia Heiman Donald Pfaff Larry Young Loretta Flanagan-Cato Staci Bilbo Sabra Klein Colin Saldanha Farida Sohrabji Cheryl.Sisk Sheri Berenbaum Jill Schneider Aras Petrulis Victoria Luine Maya Frankfurt Lique Coolen Alison S. Fleming Joseph S. Lonstein Frederic Lévy Gregory Demas Noah Ashley James Higham James Roney David Edwards Kathleen Casto Pranjal H.Mehta Emily Barrett Heather Patisaul Luke Remage-Healey Elena Choleris Jacques Balthazart Kim Huhman

contain some of the most heavily cited articles in the journal. Initially the SI was ad hoc with no clear planning on when they would occur, but starting in 2010 the journal had a goal of publishing two SIs per year, a goal that has been met (Table 3). These SIs have likely contributed to the journal's increasing citations and JIF. The emergence of Hormones and Behavior as the premiere journal of behavioral neuroendocrinology has been a long process. It started with Beach's vision of the necessity for such a journal at a time when it was not clear that there was indeed such a need. In retrospect it is apparent that Beach's gamble on his vision has paid off and that Hormones and Behavior now fills an important gap in the field. The link to the Society of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and the support of Elsevier allowed the journal to develop in ways unimaginable on 1969. 9

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In addition, seeing the journal transition from all male editors in a male-dominated field to an editorial structure where men and women are equally represented has allowed this journal to emerge reflecting the diversity of the discipline of behavioral neuroendocrinology. The preceding 50 years have seen great growth and change. It is exciting to imagine what will emerge in the next 50 years.

Horm Behav 15, 325–376 "PMID"7035327. Collins, V.J., Boling, J.L., Dempsey, E.W., et al., 1938. Quantitative studies of experimentally induced sexual receptivity in the spayed guinea-pig. Endocrinology 23, 188–196. Dewsbury, 2003. The conference on reproductive behavior: a history. Horm. Behav. 43, 465–473. Phoenix, C.H., Goy, R.W., Gerall, A.A., Young, W.C., 1959. Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology 65, 369–382 "PMID"14432658.

References

Kim Wallen Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America E-mail address: [email protected].

Beach, F.A., 1948. Hormones and Behavior. Paul B. Hoeber, New York. Beach, F.A., 1975. Behavioral endocrinology: an emerging discipline. Am. Scientist. 63, 178–187. Beach, F.A., 1981. Historical origins of modern research on hormones and behavior.

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