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Hot-rolled concrete reinforcing bar, in particular reinforcing ribbed bar
May 1990) A composite with a porosity of less than 30 volume % of the total volume comprises at least 10 volume % (of the solid portion) of coated, ceramic oxide fibrous material and at least 30 volume % (again of the solid portion) of a ceramic oxide matrix. The fibrous material is coated with platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium or any combinations and alloys thereof, and both the fibrous material and the matrix have melting or softening points greater than 1100°C.
about 1 mm and with a diameter greater than 10 ~m, surrounded by a mixture of discontinuous fibres with aspect ratios between 10 and 200 and particulates with diameters ranging between 0.2 and 3 ~tm. The largest dimension of the particulates varies between 0.5 and 10 times the length of the fibres and the volume ratio of the fibres to the particulates is between 1:5 and 1:1 with at least 90 volume % of the particulates being filler particulates. The filaments have a melting or decomposition temperature greater than 1000°C. The fibres and filler particulates are selected from alumina, BeO, SiC, silicon nitride, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, zirconium carbide, zirconium diboride and mixtures thereof, with between 0 and 10% of the particulates being composed of a ceramic meltable material with a melting point between 1000°C and 100°C below the melting point of the fibres, filler particulates and filaments. The preform has 30-80 volume % open porosity and is infiltratable with a molten ceramic infiltrant which, together with the meltable ceramic particulate material, forms the matrix phase of the resultant near net-shape composite.
Hot-rolled concrete reinforcing bar, in particular reinforcing ribbed bar Russwurm, D. and .lungwirth, D. (Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, FRG and Arbed SA, Luxembourg) US Pat 4 922 681 (8 May 1990) A hot-rolled, ribbed bar for reinforcing concrete is made of a steel containing 0.10~
Porous metal-second phase composites Moshier, W.C., Brupbacher, J., ChristodouIou, L. and Nagle, D.C. (Martin Marietta Corporation, Bethesda, MD, USA) US Pat4 917 964 (17 April 1990) The composite contains a porous mass of a substantially uniform dispersion of up to about 80 volume % in situ precipitated second-phase particles in a solvent metal matrix. The mass is produced by propagating at or below atmospheric pressure an isothermal reaction front of second-phase forming constituents in the presence of at least 20 volume % of a solvent metal in which the constituents are more soluble than the second-phase particles.
Premoulding consisting of multiply fabric B6ttger, W. and Biedermann (Vorwek & Co, Interholding GmbH, FRG) US Pat 4 922 968 (8 May 1990) A multi-ply fabric for use as a reinforcement in plastic composite members is described. The fabric is formed of weft threads which extend widthwise and warp and stuffer warp threads which both extend lengthwise. The stuffer warp threads are also arranged in a plurality of aligned rows extending in the thickness direction. The threads are woven so that, when the fabric is viewed perpendicular to the width, it has a central web and an end portion that is separated into left and right flanges.
Polybutadiene coated carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites Snow, A. and Armistead, J.P. (Secretary of the Navy, Washington, DC, USA) US Pat 4 918 117 (17April 1990) A carbon fibre with a closely adherent, thermally polymerized, polybutadiene copolymer coating is described.
Glass fibre reinforced cement compositions Rerup, H.J., Drake, E.N. and Duvdevani, I. (Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Florham Park, N J, USA) US Pat 4 923 517 (8 May 1990) A cement composition comprises a cementitious matrix selected from cement, Portland cement, concrete, mortar, gypsum and hydrous calcium silicate and 0.1-60 weight % of glass fibre bundles. The glass bundles are encapsulated in a polymeric coating which does not impregnate the bundles or coat the individual fibres. The coating is 0.1-100 Ixm thick and comprises an interpolymeric complex of a neutralized sulphonated polymer and an amine-containing polymer. The suiphonated polymer contains 4-200 meq. sulphonate per 100 g of polymer and the amine-containing polymer contains 4-500 meq. nitrogen per 100 g of polymer.
Hybrid ceramic matrix composite articles comprising particulate additives and method Gadkaree, K.P. (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA) US Pat 4 919 991 (24 April 1990) A laminar ceramic-matrix composite article comprises a matrix selected from alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses and glassceramics, inorganic reinforcing fibres in multiple layers wherein the fibres are in parallel arrangement, and particulate additive. The particulate additive is dispersed in the matrix, has particles with aspect ratios below 2:1 and average size of about 1 tam, and is present in an amount effective to increase the interlaminar shear strength, transverse flexural strength or fracture toughness of the article. It is present in an amount not exceeding 10% by weight of the combined weight of the matrix and the additive. Ceramic composite Luthra, K.L. (General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY, USA) US Pat 4 921 822 (1
136
COMPOSITES. MARCH 1992
Surface modified plastic and composite articles and method De La Torre, W. (Northrop Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA) US Pat 4 923 737 (8 May 1990) A metal cloth comprising fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene with particulate matter trapped in the fibrils is placed over a release mould of a shaped article of thermoset polymeric resin. A thermosetting polymeric resin is placed over the cloth and the whole is heated and pressurized so that the resin encapsulates the metal cloth and is cured to
form a shaped article with a modified. integral surface. Composite electrical interconnection medium comprising a conductive network, and article, assembly and method Jim S., Lambert, W.R., Moore, R.C., Mottine, ,l.J., Sherwood, R.C. and Ticdfel. T.H. (American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, NY, USA) US Pat 4 923 739 (8 May 1990) A composite layer or sheet extending in two directions is composed of particles that are at least in part magnetic and have at least an electrically conducting surface portion in a non-conductive matrix. The particles arc magnetically aligned into a conduction network so that there is significant conduction in the plane of the sheet. Primerless adhesive for fibreglass reinforced polyester substrates Chung, D.A. and Dammann, L.G. (Ashland Oil, Inc, Russell, KY, USA) US Pat 4 923 756 (8 May 1990) A laminated composite comprises a first unprimed fibre-reinforced polyester substrate bound to a second substrate by the cured residue of a blend of a reaction product of a polyol and an aromatic isocyanatc with 3-15% free isocyanate groups, an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyfunctional polyether polyol curative component. Reinforced polymeric composites Staneluis, J.M. and Rodenbeck, D.L. (Centrite Corp, Bowling Green, OH, USA) US Pat 4 925 719 (15 May 1990) The composite has a polymeric foam core and a polymeric skin of a different composition. The core is bonded to the skin by an interface layer comprising two layers of continuous fibres orientated transversely and longitudinally, a transverse layer of chopped fibres which randomly contact the continuous fibres and another layer of chopped strands inclined with respect to the core. Silicon carbide composite ceramic Tani, T. and Wada, S. (Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Aichi, Japan) US Pat4 925 815 (15 May 1990) A high toughness composite comprises silicon carbide, 20--30 volume % graphite whiskers with an aspect ratio >5 and a sintering aid. The whiskers are 0.02-2 p.m in diameter and 5-100 ~tm long. Oxidation of carbon fibre surfaces for use as reinforcement in high-temperature cementitious material systems Suguma, T. (Associated Universities, lnc, Washington, DC, USA) US Pat4 927462 (22 May 1990) A carbon-fibre reinforced Portland cement is described for use in geothermal wells. The carbon fibre is pre-treated with sodium hydroxide solution so that it has an oxidized surface. Fusible core alloy composites for plastics moulding Lhymn, Y.O. and Lhymn, C. (Yoon Technology, Erie, PA, USA) US Pat 4 927 712 (22 May 1990) A composite usable as a fusible core material in lost core technology comprises metal shots in a tin-bismuth alloy or tin-lead-antimony alloy matrix.
about 1 mm and with a diameter greater than 10 ~m, surrounded by a mixture of discontinuous fibres with aspect ratios between 10 and 200 and particulates with diameters ranging between 0.2 and 3 ~tm. The largest dimension of the particulates varies between 0.5 and 10 times the length of the fibres and the volume ratio of the fibres to the particulates is between 1:5 and 1:1 with at least 90 volume % of the particulates being filler particulates. The filaments have a melting or decomposition temperature greater than 1000°C. The fibres and filler particulates are selected from alumina, BeO, SiC, silicon nitride, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, zirconium carbide, zirconium diboride and mixtures thereof, with between 0 and 10% of the particulates being composed of a ceramic meltable material with a melting point between 1000°C and 100°C below the melting point of the fibres, filler particulates and filaments. The preform has 30-80 volume % open porosity and is infiltratable with a molten ceramic infiltrant which, together with the meltable ceramic particulate material, forms the matrix phase of the resultant near net-shape composite.
Hot-rolled concrete reinforcing bar, in particular reinforcing ribbed bar Russwurm, D. and .lungwirth, D. (Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, FRG and Arbed SA, Luxembourg) US Pat 4 922 681 (8 May 1990) A hot-rolled, ribbed bar for reinforcing concrete is made of a steel containing 0.10~
Porous metal-second phase composites Moshier, W.C., Brupbacher, J., ChristodouIou, L. and Nagle, D.C. (Martin Marietta Corporation, Bethesda, MD, USA) US Pat4 917 964 (17 April 1990) The composite contains a porous mass of a substantially uniform dispersion of up to about 80 volume % in situ precipitated second-phase particles in a solvent metal matrix. The mass is produced by propagating at or below atmospheric pressure an isothermal reaction front of second-phase forming constituents in the presence of at least 20 volume % of a solvent metal in which the constituents are more soluble than the second-phase particles.
Premoulding consisting of multiply fabric B6ttger, W. and Biedermann (Vorwek & Co, Interholding GmbH, FRG) US Pat 4 922 968 (8 May 1990) A multi-ply fabric for use as a reinforcement in plastic composite members is described. The fabric is formed of weft threads which extend widthwise and warp and stuffer warp threads which both extend lengthwise. The stuffer warp threads are also arranged in a plurality of aligned rows extending in the thickness direction. The threads are woven so that, when the fabric is viewed perpendicular to the width, it has a central web and an end portion that is separated into left and right flanges.
Polybutadiene coated carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites Snow, A. and Armistead, J.P. (Secretary of the Navy, Washington, DC, USA) US Pat 4 918 117 (17April 1990) A carbon fibre with a closely adherent, thermally polymerized, polybutadiene copolymer coating is described.
Glass fibre reinforced cement compositions Rerup, H.J., Drake, E.N. and Duvdevani, I. (Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Florham Park, N J, USA) US Pat 4 923 517 (8 May 1990) A cement composition comprises a cementitious matrix selected from cement, Portland cement, concrete, mortar, gypsum and hydrous calcium silicate and 0.1-60 weight % of glass fibre bundles. The glass bundles are encapsulated in a polymeric coating which does not impregnate the bundles or coat the individual fibres. The coating is 0.1-100 Ixm thick and comprises an interpolymeric complex of a neutralized sulphonated polymer and an amine-containing polymer. The suiphonated polymer contains 4-200 meq. sulphonate per 100 g of polymer and the amine-containing polymer contains 4-500 meq. nitrogen per 100 g of polymer.
Hybrid ceramic matrix composite articles comprising particulate additives and method Gadkaree, K.P. (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA) US Pat 4 919 991 (24 April 1990) A laminar ceramic-matrix composite article comprises a matrix selected from alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses and glassceramics, inorganic reinforcing fibres in multiple layers wherein the fibres are in parallel arrangement, and particulate additive. The particulate additive is dispersed in the matrix, has particles with aspect ratios below 2:1 and average size of about 1 tam, and is present in an amount effective to increase the interlaminar shear strength, transverse flexural strength or fracture toughness of the article. It is present in an amount not exceeding 10% by weight of the combined weight of the matrix and the additive. Ceramic composite Luthra, K.L. (General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY, USA) US Pat 4 921 822 (1
136
COMPOSITES. MARCH 1992
Surface modified plastic and composite articles and method De La Torre, W. (Northrop Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA) US Pat 4 923 737 (8 May 1990) A metal cloth comprising fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene with particulate matter trapped in the fibrils is placed over a release mould of a shaped article of thermoset polymeric resin. A thermosetting polymeric resin is placed over the cloth and the whole is heated and pressurized so that the resin encapsulates the metal cloth and is cured to
form a shaped article with a modified. integral surface. Composite electrical interconnection medium comprising a conductive network, and article, assembly and method Jim S., Lambert, W.R., Moore, R.C., Mottine, ,l.J., Sherwood, R.C. and Ticdfel. T.H. (American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, NY, USA) US Pat 4 923 739 (8 May 1990) A composite layer or sheet extending in two directions is composed of particles that are at least in part magnetic and have at least an electrically conducting surface portion in a non-conductive matrix. The particles arc magnetically aligned into a conduction network so that there is significant conduction in the plane of the sheet. Primerless adhesive for fibreglass reinforced polyester substrates Chung, D.A. and Dammann, L.G. (Ashland Oil, Inc, Russell, KY, USA) US Pat 4 923 756 (8 May 1990) A laminated composite comprises a first unprimed fibre-reinforced polyester substrate bound to a second substrate by the cured residue of a blend of a reaction product of a polyol and an aromatic isocyanatc with 3-15% free isocyanate groups, an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyfunctional polyether polyol curative component. Reinforced polymeric composites Staneluis, J.M. and Rodenbeck, D.L. (Centrite Corp, Bowling Green, OH, USA) US Pat 4 925 719 (15 May 1990) The composite has a polymeric foam core and a polymeric skin of a different composition. The core is bonded to the skin by an interface layer comprising two layers of continuous fibres orientated transversely and longitudinally, a transverse layer of chopped fibres which randomly contact the continuous fibres and another layer of chopped strands inclined with respect to the core. Silicon carbide composite ceramic Tani, T. and Wada, S. (Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Aichi, Japan) US Pat4 925 815 (15 May 1990) A high toughness composite comprises silicon carbide, 20--30 volume % graphite whiskers with an aspect ratio >5 and a sintering aid. The whiskers are 0.02-2 p.m in diameter and 5-100 ~tm long. Oxidation of carbon fibre surfaces for use as reinforcement in high-temperature cementitious material systems Suguma, T. (Associated Universities, lnc, Washington, DC, USA) US Pat4 927462 (22 May 1990) A carbon-fibre reinforced Portland cement is described for use in geothermal wells. The carbon fibre is pre-treated with sodium hydroxide solution so that it has an oxidized surface. Fusible core alloy composites for plastics moulding Lhymn, Y.O. and Lhymn, C. (Yoon Technology, Erie, PA, USA) US Pat 4 927 712 (22 May 1990) A composite usable as a fusible core material in lost core technology comprises metal shots in a tin-bismuth alloy or tin-lead-antimony alloy matrix.