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How alluring are dark personalities? The Dark Triad and attractiveness in speed dating
Abstracts
Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior and P3b in the Ultimatum Game P. Mussel, K. Riepl, R. Osinsky, J. Hewig In the Ultimatum Game, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject half of all unfair offers. We investigated the influences of state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task) and trait affect (longer-lasting emotional dispositions). State happiness, which was induced by a short movie clip, led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications for depression research, as this disease is highly correlated with trait negative affect.
501
mating style, yet may have differential effects on actual mating. Narcissism may be a facilitator for men’s short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. We assessed participants’ Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and physical attractiveness in N = 90 (46 women, 44 men) heterosexual participants who attended one of three speed dating sessions. Each participant rated each partner’s short- and long-term mate value. Across both sexes, narcissism was positively associated with peer-rated short- and long-term mate value. This association depended on physical attractiveness for women, and extraversion for men. Moreover, narcissism was found to involve greater choosiness in the rating of others’ mate value. To conclude, narcissism (and in women also psychopathy) may harbor positive effects in short-term mating contexts, but these effects are at least partially driven by other variables (extraversion in men and physical attractiveness in women).
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.238
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.236 Experiential permeability: Relations to schizotypy, alexithymia, and problems in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning B.H.H. Ng, S.R. Chin, C.S. Tan, R.Y. Hong Evaluating the Effectiveness of Registered Behaviour Technician (RBT) Training with Students P.M. Nagar, B. Linder, Z. Fazal A shortage in the availability of behaviour analysts has resulted in an overreliance on untrained paraprofessionals as direct care providers for individuals with developmental delays. To avoid unethical repercussions of unqualified practioners, The Behaviour Analyst Certification Board (BACB) has sanctioned the development of the Registered Behaviour Technician (RBT) credential, to define professional standards for paraprofessionals. Safe Management Group, a BACB-approved continuing education provider, has designed and administered a RBT training program consistent with the BACB’s guidelines. The effectiveness and reliability of the newly designed training program was evaluated for the first time with undergraduate students from McMaster University. Training was administered using a behaviour skills training (BST) model to teach the essential content, which has been divided into 4 main skills types. Each skill type was evaluated using both verbal and behavioural-based methods of evaluation. A significant improvement was observed across all skill categories from pre- to post-assessments, however the results also revealed a behavioural bias in both types of assessments, suggesting stronger demonstration of knowledge compared to verbalization. The importance of these findings will be further reflected on in this investigation. Overall, the training program is seen as effective in teaching ABA-based techniques to novice participants, and the assessment process is proven to be reliable, thus providing valuable directions for future investigations. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.237
How alluring are dark personalities? The Dark Triad and attractiveness in speed dating A.C. Neubauer, E. Jauk, J.F. Rauthmann Sub-clinical levels of the Dark Triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) are linked to a common exploitative
The construct validity of experiential permeability (EP), an aspect of maladaptive openness to experience, was examined using a comprehensive nomological network in a Singaporean sample of college students (N = 138). High EP facets of Odd/Eccentric and Unrestricted Self were associated with positive schizotypy, sleep disturbances, and dissociation (more so for the Odd/Eccentric facet). Low EP facet of Superficial was positively related to negative schizotypy, and alexithymia. Individuals with EP difficulties also experienced problems in domains of everyday life. For instance, high EP facets were linked to interpersonal dominance whereas low EP facets were implicated in a cold and vindictive interpersonal style. Overall, the findings broaden the validity of EP construct, making it a promising candidate for exploring personality-psychopathology relations.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.239
Study of the Lack of Self-serving Memory Bias in Mildly Depressed Individuals G. No, Y. Lee, Y. Son, J.A. Lee The goal of this study is to investigate whether patients with depression benefit from a memory boost for positive self-referential information. 17 mildly depressed individuals and 18 controls were assessed with a self-referential recognition memory task. During an encoding phase, participants were shown personality trait adjectives followed by two conditions: (1) own picture; and (2) someone else's picture. Recognition memory for personality adjectives was then tested. Patients and controls were comparable in memory performance in general. Compared to healthy controls, however, participants with mildly depressed did not benefit from a memory boost for positive self-referenced information. Also, mildly depressed individuals remembered negative adjectives in both conditions more than controls. The results revealed the lack of self-serving memory bias in depression that may be associated with abnormal function of the
Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior and P3b in the Ultimatum Game P. Mussel, K. Riepl, R. Osinsky, J. Hewig In the Ultimatum Game, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject half of all unfair offers. We investigated the influences of state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task) and trait affect (longer-lasting emotional dispositions). State happiness, which was induced by a short movie clip, led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications for depression research, as this disease is highly correlated with trait negative affect.
501
mating style, yet may have differential effects on actual mating. Narcissism may be a facilitator for men’s short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. We assessed participants’ Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and physical attractiveness in N = 90 (46 women, 44 men) heterosexual participants who attended one of three speed dating sessions. Each participant rated each partner’s short- and long-term mate value. Across both sexes, narcissism was positively associated with peer-rated short- and long-term mate value. This association depended on physical attractiveness for women, and extraversion for men. Moreover, narcissism was found to involve greater choosiness in the rating of others’ mate value. To conclude, narcissism (and in women also psychopathy) may harbor positive effects in short-term mating contexts, but these effects are at least partially driven by other variables (extraversion in men and physical attractiveness in women).
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.238
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.236 Experiential permeability: Relations to schizotypy, alexithymia, and problems in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning B.H.H. Ng, S.R. Chin, C.S. Tan, R.Y. Hong Evaluating the Effectiveness of Registered Behaviour Technician (RBT) Training with Students P.M. Nagar, B. Linder, Z. Fazal A shortage in the availability of behaviour analysts has resulted in an overreliance on untrained paraprofessionals as direct care providers for individuals with developmental delays. To avoid unethical repercussions of unqualified practioners, The Behaviour Analyst Certification Board (BACB) has sanctioned the development of the Registered Behaviour Technician (RBT) credential, to define professional standards for paraprofessionals. Safe Management Group, a BACB-approved continuing education provider, has designed and administered a RBT training program consistent with the BACB’s guidelines. The effectiveness and reliability of the newly designed training program was evaluated for the first time with undergraduate students from McMaster University. Training was administered using a behaviour skills training (BST) model to teach the essential content, which has been divided into 4 main skills types. Each skill type was evaluated using both verbal and behavioural-based methods of evaluation. A significant improvement was observed across all skill categories from pre- to post-assessments, however the results also revealed a behavioural bias in both types of assessments, suggesting stronger demonstration of knowledge compared to verbalization. The importance of these findings will be further reflected on in this investigation. Overall, the training program is seen as effective in teaching ABA-based techniques to novice participants, and the assessment process is proven to be reliable, thus providing valuable directions for future investigations. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.237
How alluring are dark personalities? The Dark Triad and attractiveness in speed dating A.C. Neubauer, E. Jauk, J.F. Rauthmann Sub-clinical levels of the Dark Triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) are linked to a common exploitative
The construct validity of experiential permeability (EP), an aspect of maladaptive openness to experience, was examined using a comprehensive nomological network in a Singaporean sample of college students (N = 138). High EP facets of Odd/Eccentric and Unrestricted Self were associated with positive schizotypy, sleep disturbances, and dissociation (more so for the Odd/Eccentric facet). Low EP facet of Superficial was positively related to negative schizotypy, and alexithymia. Individuals with EP difficulties also experienced problems in domains of everyday life. For instance, high EP facets were linked to interpersonal dominance whereas low EP facets were implicated in a cold and vindictive interpersonal style. Overall, the findings broaden the validity of EP construct, making it a promising candidate for exploring personality-psychopathology relations.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.239
Study of the Lack of Self-serving Memory Bias in Mildly Depressed Individuals G. No, Y. Lee, Y. Son, J.A. Lee The goal of this study is to investigate whether patients with depression benefit from a memory boost for positive self-referential information. 17 mildly depressed individuals and 18 controls were assessed with a self-referential recognition memory task. During an encoding phase, participants were shown personality trait adjectives followed by two conditions: (1) own picture; and (2) someone else's picture. Recognition memory for personality adjectives was then tested. Patients and controls were comparable in memory performance in general. Compared to healthy controls, however, participants with mildly depressed did not benefit from a memory boost for positive self-referenced information. Also, mildly depressed individuals remembered negative adjectives in both conditions more than controls. The results revealed the lack of self-serving memory bias in depression that may be associated with abnormal function of the