- Email: [email protected]
How does perfectionism relate to body dissatisfaction in late childhood?
ARTICLE IN PRESS Abstracts / Appetite 50 (2008) 555–567
557
Associations between temperamental personality and taste preferences in a non-clinical population
Investigating the influence of demand on glucose facilitation in recognition memory
C.J. DAY, J. FRANCIS, S. MCHALE. Sheffield Hallam University, 45 Broomgrove Road, Sheffield, S10 2NA, UK. [email protected]
J.M ELLIOTT, D.O. KENNEDY, S.I. SU¨NRAM-LEA, A.B. SCHOLEY, A. MILNE. Division of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK. [email protected]
The relationship between taste preferences and individual differences in terms of personality has not been thoroughly examined, especially in non-clinical populations. The current study aimed to examine these possible associations between temperamental personality dimensions and taste. A further aim was to investigate relationships between self-rated ‘‘usual’’ taste preferences and ‘‘actual’’ taste preferences for six food samples manipulated by basic taste (sweet, salty, bitter, sour, spicy, and umami). Data is reported for 150 participants from a non-clinical population. The Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire was used to measure temperamental personality, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire was employed to assess constructs of eating behaviour. Usual taste preference was measured via 100 mm VAS and actual taste preference was measured using six food samples manipulated by taste, rated on 100 mm VAS. Interesting relationships were revealed in terms of temperamental personality and taste preferences. For example, participants high in novelty seeking showed strong preference for salty tastes, whereas participants high in reward dependence showed strong preference for sweet tastes. These relationships were further explored using regression analysis and models of ‘‘best fit’’ were developed. Usual self-reported taste preferences were found to positively correlate with their corresponding actual taste preferences (with the exception of bitter), suggesting that self-rated usual taste preference provides accurate measures of actual taste preference.
It is currently debated whether glucose facilitation of cognitive performance is due to differential targeting of hippocampal memory or whether task effort is a more important determinant. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover 2(Drink: glucose/placebo) 2(Effort: 7secondary task) design, 20 healthy young adults’ recognition memory performance was measured using the ‘remember-know’ procedure. Two high effort conditions (one for each drink) included secondary hand movements during word presentation. A 25 g glucose or saccharine (placebo) drink was consumed 10 min prior to the task. The presence of a secondary task resulted in a global impairment of memory function. There were significant Drink Effort interactions for overall memory accuracy but no differential effects for ‘remember’ or ‘know’ responses. These data suggest that, in some circumstances, task effort may be a more important determinant of the glucose facilitation of memory effect than hippocampal mediation. However, the phenomenon need to be further explored. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.025
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.023
Early weight faltering and cognitive development: Are we missing the boat?
How does perfectionism relate to body dissatisfaction in late childhood?
R.F. DREWETT. Department of Psychology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. r.f.drewett@ durham.ac.uk
E. EVANS, H. BOWES, R.F DREWETT. Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. [email protected].
The weight gain of all infants is routinely monitored in the UK, allowing the detection of poor weight gain (weight faltering or ‘failure to thrive’). Poor weight gain in the first year is associated with developmental delay and a lower IQ at school age. Evidence from a number of studies suggests, however, that it is very early weight gain that is of particular importance. For example, data from a large birth cohort shows that it is poor weight gain in the first two months after birth that is most strongly associated with developmental delay. Infants with weight gain o2 S.D. below the mean over this period had average IQs at 8 years that were 6 points lower than those with weight gain 42 S.D. above the mean. Poor weight gain subsequently after the first two months, however, was not associated with any reduction in later IQ. Interventions therefore need to be implemented very early if they are to prevent adverse intellectual effects of early malnutrition.
Previous research has established the association of perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in adults, an association that is likely to be of significance in the aetiology of eating disorders. This study examined the same relationship in children. Perfectionism and body dissatisfaction were assessed by the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS) in 136 girls and 142 boys aged between 11 and 15 from a County Durham school. As hypothesised, girls expressed greater body dissatisfaction than boys whilst contrary to prediction age was unrelated to body dissatisfaction. Maladaptive, socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) significantly predicted body dissatisfaction whilst adaptive self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) did not. Thus, children’s elevated perception that others expect unrealistic standards of them is associated with concurrent body dissatisfaction.
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.024
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.026
557
Associations between temperamental personality and taste preferences in a non-clinical population
Investigating the influence of demand on glucose facilitation in recognition memory
C.J. DAY, J. FRANCIS, S. MCHALE. Sheffield Hallam University, 45 Broomgrove Road, Sheffield, S10 2NA, UK. [email protected]
J.M ELLIOTT, D.O. KENNEDY, S.I. SU¨NRAM-LEA, A.B. SCHOLEY, A. MILNE. Division of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK. [email protected]
The relationship between taste preferences and individual differences in terms of personality has not been thoroughly examined, especially in non-clinical populations. The current study aimed to examine these possible associations between temperamental personality dimensions and taste. A further aim was to investigate relationships between self-rated ‘‘usual’’ taste preferences and ‘‘actual’’ taste preferences for six food samples manipulated by basic taste (sweet, salty, bitter, sour, spicy, and umami). Data is reported for 150 participants from a non-clinical population. The Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire was used to measure temperamental personality, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire was employed to assess constructs of eating behaviour. Usual taste preference was measured via 100 mm VAS and actual taste preference was measured using six food samples manipulated by taste, rated on 100 mm VAS. Interesting relationships were revealed in terms of temperamental personality and taste preferences. For example, participants high in novelty seeking showed strong preference for salty tastes, whereas participants high in reward dependence showed strong preference for sweet tastes. These relationships were further explored using regression analysis and models of ‘‘best fit’’ were developed. Usual self-reported taste preferences were found to positively correlate with their corresponding actual taste preferences (with the exception of bitter), suggesting that self-rated usual taste preference provides accurate measures of actual taste preference.
It is currently debated whether glucose facilitation of cognitive performance is due to differential targeting of hippocampal memory or whether task effort is a more important determinant. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover 2(Drink: glucose/placebo) 2(Effort: 7secondary task) design, 20 healthy young adults’ recognition memory performance was measured using the ‘remember-know’ procedure. Two high effort conditions (one for each drink) included secondary hand movements during word presentation. A 25 g glucose or saccharine (placebo) drink was consumed 10 min prior to the task. The presence of a secondary task resulted in a global impairment of memory function. There were significant Drink Effort interactions for overall memory accuracy but no differential effects for ‘remember’ or ‘know’ responses. These data suggest that, in some circumstances, task effort may be a more important determinant of the glucose facilitation of memory effect than hippocampal mediation. However, the phenomenon need to be further explored. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.025
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.023
Early weight faltering and cognitive development: Are we missing the boat?
How does perfectionism relate to body dissatisfaction in late childhood?
R.F. DREWETT. Department of Psychology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. r.f.drewett@ durham.ac.uk
E. EVANS, H. BOWES, R.F DREWETT. Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. [email protected].
The weight gain of all infants is routinely monitored in the UK, allowing the detection of poor weight gain (weight faltering or ‘failure to thrive’). Poor weight gain in the first year is associated with developmental delay and a lower IQ at school age. Evidence from a number of studies suggests, however, that it is very early weight gain that is of particular importance. For example, data from a large birth cohort shows that it is poor weight gain in the first two months after birth that is most strongly associated with developmental delay. Infants with weight gain o2 S.D. below the mean over this period had average IQs at 8 years that were 6 points lower than those with weight gain 42 S.D. above the mean. Poor weight gain subsequently after the first two months, however, was not associated with any reduction in later IQ. Interventions therefore need to be implemented very early if they are to prevent adverse intellectual effects of early malnutrition.
Previous research has established the association of perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in adults, an association that is likely to be of significance in the aetiology of eating disorders. This study examined the same relationship in children. Perfectionism and body dissatisfaction were assessed by the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS) in 136 girls and 142 boys aged between 11 and 15 from a County Durham school. As hypothesised, girls expressed greater body dissatisfaction than boys whilst contrary to prediction age was unrelated to body dissatisfaction. Maladaptive, socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) significantly predicted body dissatisfaction whilst adaptive self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) did not. Thus, children’s elevated perception that others expect unrealistic standards of them is associated with concurrent body dissatisfaction.
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.024
10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.026