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How to use this book
How to use this book THE SCOPE OF THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUALS Volumes in the Side Effects of Drugs Annual (SEDA) series have been published since 1977. The series is designed to provide a critical account of information relating to adverse drug reactions and interactions. It complements the standard encyclopedic work in this field, Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions, the 15th edition of which was published in 2006; the 16th edition is currently in preparation.
PERIOD COVERED The present Annual reviews all reports that presented significant new information on adverse reactions to drugs during 2011, including publications that bear an Epub date of 2011, even though they may have been published in print in 2012. During the production of this Annual, some more recent papers have also been included; older literature has also been cited when it is relevant. Special reviews (see below) often cover a much wider range of literature.
SELECTION OF MATERIAL In compiling the Side Effects of Drugs Annual particular attention is devoted to publications that provide essentially new information or throw a new light on problems already recognized. However, because it is a publication of record, confirmatory reports are also described, including anecdotes. In addition, some authoritative new reviews are listed. Publications that do not meet these criteria are generally omitted.
Special reviews The special reviews deal in more detail with selected topics, often interpreting conflicting evidence, providing the reader with clear guidance. They are not restricted to literature published in the period covered by the volume. They are identified by the traditional prescription symbol and are printed in italics. The Special Reviews first appeared in SEDA-4, and this volume includes a Cumulative Index of the Special Reviews that were published in SEDA-4 to SEDA-34, and a separate list of the Special Reviews that appear in the current Annual.
ALLOCATION OF DRUGS TO CHAPTERS Drugs are allocated to chapters according to their main field of use or the properties for which they are most generally recognized. In some cases a drug is included in more than one chapter (for example, lidocaine is covered in Chapter 11 as a local anesthetic and in Chapter 17 as an antidysrhythmic drug). Fixed combinations of drugs are dealt with lv
lvi
How to use this book
according to their most characteristic component or as a combination product. For example, co-careldopa and co-beneldopa are dealt with under levodopa.
NAMES OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Drugs are usually called by their recommended or proposed International Non-proprietary Names (rINN or pINN); when these are not available, chemical names have been used. If a fixed combination has a generic combination British Approved Name (e.g. “co-trimoxazole” for trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) that name has been used; in some cases brand names have been used instead. When the plus symbol (+) is used to link drug names (for example, “lopinavir + ritonavir”), it implies that the two drugs are administered either in one formulation or together with one another; otherwise the word “plus” is used. Chemicals are named according to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC; http://www.iupac.org); for example, “aluminium”, not “aluminum”.
SYSTEM OF TAGGING REFERENCES References in the text are tagged using the following system, which was introduced in SEDA-24: M A R r C c H E S
A meta-analysis or other form of systematic review. An anecdote or set of anecdotes (i.e. case histories). A major review, including non-systematic statistical analyses of published studies. A brief commentary (e.g. in an editorial or a letter). A major randomized controlled trial or observational study. A minor randomized controlled trial or observational study or a non-randomized study. A hypothesis article. An experimental study (animal or in vitro). A statement from an official body (e.g. Governments, WHO), a manufacturer, or a guidelines group, or a statement about a forthcoming clinical trial.
Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions is cited in the text as SED-15 and the Side Effects of Drugs Annuals 1–34 as SEDA-1, SEDA-2, etc. In the cited references, titles of articles in [square brackets] are English translations of original titles.
INDEXES Index of drugs: this index provides a complete listing of all text references to a drug for which adverse effects or adverse reactions are described. There is a separate index of drug-drug interactions. Index of adverse effects and reactions: this index provides a listing of text references to which drugs cause specified adverse effects and adverse reactions. For indexing purposes American spelling has, with a few exceptions, been used, e.g. “anemia” and “estrogen” rather than “anaemia” and “oestrogen”.
PERIOD COVERED The present Annual reviews all reports that presented significant new information on adverse reactions to drugs during 2011, including publications that bear an Epub date of 2011, even though they may have been published in print in 2012. During the production of this Annual, some more recent papers have also been included; older literature has also been cited when it is relevant. Special reviews (see below) often cover a much wider range of literature.
SELECTION OF MATERIAL In compiling the Side Effects of Drugs Annual particular attention is devoted to publications that provide essentially new information or throw a new light on problems already recognized. However, because it is a publication of record, confirmatory reports are also described, including anecdotes. In addition, some authoritative new reviews are listed. Publications that do not meet these criteria are generally omitted.
Special reviews The special reviews deal in more detail with selected topics, often interpreting conflicting evidence, providing the reader with clear guidance. They are not restricted to literature published in the period covered by the volume. They are identified by the traditional prescription symbol and are printed in italics. The Special Reviews first appeared in SEDA-4, and this volume includes a Cumulative Index of the Special Reviews that were published in SEDA-4 to SEDA-34, and a separate list of the Special Reviews that appear in the current Annual.
ALLOCATION OF DRUGS TO CHAPTERS Drugs are allocated to chapters according to their main field of use or the properties for which they are most generally recognized. In some cases a drug is included in more than one chapter (for example, lidocaine is covered in Chapter 11 as a local anesthetic and in Chapter 17 as an antidysrhythmic drug). Fixed combinations of drugs are dealt with lv
lvi
How to use this book
according to their most characteristic component or as a combination product. For example, co-careldopa and co-beneldopa are dealt with under levodopa.
NAMES OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Drugs are usually called by their recommended or proposed International Non-proprietary Names (rINN or pINN); when these are not available, chemical names have been used. If a fixed combination has a generic combination British Approved Name (e.g. “co-trimoxazole” for trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) that name has been used; in some cases brand names have been used instead. When the plus symbol (+) is used to link drug names (for example, “lopinavir + ritonavir”), it implies that the two drugs are administered either in one formulation or together with one another; otherwise the word “plus” is used. Chemicals are named according to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC; http://www.iupac.org); for example, “aluminium”, not “aluminum”.
SYSTEM OF TAGGING REFERENCES References in the text are tagged using the following system, which was introduced in SEDA-24: M A R r C c H E S
A meta-analysis or other form of systematic review. An anecdote or set of anecdotes (i.e. case histories). A major review, including non-systematic statistical analyses of published studies. A brief commentary (e.g. in an editorial or a letter). A major randomized controlled trial or observational study. A minor randomized controlled trial or observational study or a non-randomized study. A hypothesis article. An experimental study (animal or in vitro). A statement from an official body (e.g. Governments, WHO), a manufacturer, or a guidelines group, or a statement about a forthcoming clinical trial.
Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions is cited in the text as SED-15 and the Side Effects of Drugs Annuals 1–34 as SEDA-1, SEDA-2, etc. In the cited references, titles of articles in [square brackets] are English translations of original titles.
INDEXES Index of drugs: this index provides a complete listing of all text references to a drug for which adverse effects or adverse reactions are described. There is a separate index of drug-drug interactions. Index of adverse effects and reactions: this index provides a listing of text references to which drugs cause specified adverse effects and adverse reactions. For indexing purposes American spelling has, with a few exceptions, been used, e.g. “anemia” and “estrogen” rather than “anaemia” and “oestrogen”.