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Human Needs 3 and the Nursing Process
Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care; diagnostic tests; monitoring; and the management of common problems associated with surgery are covered in depth. Descriptions of specific operative procedures are not included. Chapter 1, entitled “Aphorisms, Abjurations, and the Chemistry of Confidence” is especially noteworthyfrom the standpoint of holisticcare. Surgeons are cautioned to “avoid surprises.” They are advised to prepare the patient with advance knowledge and communicate appropriate information to the health care team. Details of preoperative assessment are reviewed, and the reader is urgedto individualize care. It is also interesting to note that surgery is described as an athletic event where the personal health, strength, and fitness of the OR team are important to the outcome of the patient‘s surgery. This third edition has been revised and updated to reflect current perspectives in the management of the surgical patient, especially in the areas of nutriiion, anesthesia, physiologic support systems, and multiple systems failure. The chapter covering preoperative preparationof the patient is new and reflects a growing concern with individualized, holistic health care. Manual of Preoperative and Postoperative Care is a usable and practical volume for both OR nurses and surgeons. Judith A Webster, RN Green Bay, Wis Clinical Implications of Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. Sarka M Tilkian, Mary Boudreau Conover, Ara G Tilkian. C V Mosby, 11830 Westline Industrial Dr, St Louis, Mo 63141, 1983,493 pp, $13.95 paperback. If you’re still depending on the trusty text you used in nursing school to interpret lab values, it‘s time for a change. Laboratory diagnostic procedures number in the thousands, and every perioperative nurse needs an accurate, modem text for reference. This third edition reflects the refinements in diagnostic laboratory tests and procedures in the past four years. It contains 70 illustrations that show anatomy and physiology, pathology, and patient care implications of many of the newer procedures. Notable among the additions are discussions of hemodynamics, con-
trast venography, ultrasonic imaging of vessels, digital fluoroscopy, and position-emitting radio tracers (emission tomography). The book is organized in two large units. Unit one covers routine screening tests of blood and urine. The second unit describes diagnostic tests appropriate for each body system and associated pathology. Chapters dealing with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, bronchopulmonary, renal, endocrine, and neurological disorders begin with a short but adequate review of anatomy and physiology of the body system beforeproceeding with clinical application of the laboratory or radiologic test. There is good integration of laboratory values so the reader is not tempted to make assumptions based on isolated results. Data results are cross-referenced when they have several clinical implications in different symptomatology. Differential diagnosis sections add pertinent data to many of the chapters. This kindof information is especially useful for the perioperative nurse when she/he does a preoperative assessment. Chapters on nutritional, vascular, and sleep disorders reflect three important clinical areas that have gained sophisticated diagnostic technology in the past five years. As in the second edition, the authors provide extensive appendices of normal test results, normal values for echocardiograms and cardiac catheterization, and common drugs and their effects on various clinicallaboratory tests. This is one of several current texts on interpretation of diagnostic tests. It does an excellent job of presenting the material a nurse needs to know to assess and plan care for patients. Pat Niessner Palmer, RN, MS Nurse editor AORN Journal Human Needs 3 and the Nursing Process. Helen Yura and Mary B Walsh, eds. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 25 Van Zant St, East Norwalk, Conn 06855, 1983, 288 pp, $15.95 paperback. This is volume three in a series on human needs and the nursing process. The editors continue to stress human needs as the framework on which to base the nursing process.
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It is not necessary to have readthe previous volumes to understand the intent of this one. It concentrateson the need for sensory integrity; acceptance of self and others; need for rationality, conceptualization, and problem solving; for safety; a wholesome body image; sexual integrity; and the need to manage stress. Each chapter providesan introduction about the particular need, followed by two or more case studies. Case studies are varied so the reader can see how factors such as acute or chronic illness, age, medical intervention (surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, psychiatric) influence the nurse’s plan of action. In each situation, the reader learns a method of assessing the patient’s assets, limitations, therapeutic self-care demands, and self-care deficits. Next, the nursing diagnosis, goals, and strategies are outlined. This is followed by how the nurse implements and evaluates the plan of care and results obtained. Like the first two volumes, this is a very readable and informative book. It will help nurses in any setting to better meet the basic needs of their patients. Sister Kane, RN, MEd, RHSJ Cornwall, Ontario First-line Patient Care Management, 2nd ed. Barbara J Stevens. Aspen Systems Corp, 1600 Research Blvd, Rockville, Md 20850, 1983, 195 pp, $22.50
Are you a head nurse who was promoted from staff nurse without preparatory education or experience? If so, this book is for you. “First-linemanager” is defined by the author as a management position one step above the workers. It is an excellent book written for nurses who supervise a nursing staff in addition to having patient care responsibilities. The author dwells on the roles of the head nurse, charge nurse, and team leader. Part I discusses management issues and collateral relations in first-line management. The author uses practicalexamples and gives good suggestions for dealing with other managers, other health professionals, patients and their families, physicians, and other nurses. Part II defines goal-oriented management, including a section on management by objectives and problem-solving management. This section also provides good information con-
866
cerning change. The author states that “one of the primary functions of the nurse manager is to effect change.” She discusses the psychological aspects of change and gives some advice on how to implement change. Managing patients is the subject of Part 111. A fresh approach to the nursing process is used to assist the first-line manager in understanding and implementing this concept. A chapter is also dedicated to quality control, patient classification, and a comparison of the two systems. Staff management is discussed in the final section of the book. The author provides useful information on many aspects of supervising staff. A valuable chapter in this section deals with delegation and direction. The author acknowledges that “directing and delegating are difficult tasks for many new managers.” In this chapter, as in the rest of the book, she uses practical examples to help new managers learn how to delegate and direct. This section also deals with staffing and assigning, employee performance appraisal, using communications resources, and the aspects of committees in management. “First-line management is an exciting role because it offers the ideal synthesis of management and nursing. It offers the nurse a chance to observe the effects of her direction, and, through the careful use of her staff, it enables her to accomplish more than she ever could do alone.” This aura of excitement pervades the book. Kathy E Shaneberger, RN Allendale, Mich Professionalism and the Empowerment of Nursing. American Nurses’ Association, 2420 PershingRd, Kansas City, Mo 64108,1982,76 PP.
The matter of power and professionalism is a concern in all fields of nursing practice. The papers in this book were presented at the 53rd convention of the American Nurses’ Association in Washington, DC. Speakers addressed roles, stresses, constraints, and alternative ways of obtaining and using power. This book is an excellent source of information for the nurse who wants to be an active change agent within the profession. The papers offer insights, historicalperspectives, and
AORN Journal, November 1983, Vol38, No 5
trast venography, ultrasonic imaging of vessels, digital fluoroscopy, and position-emitting radio tracers (emission tomography). The book is organized in two large units. Unit one covers routine screening tests of blood and urine. The second unit describes diagnostic tests appropriate for each body system and associated pathology. Chapters dealing with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, bronchopulmonary, renal, endocrine, and neurological disorders begin with a short but adequate review of anatomy and physiology of the body system beforeproceeding with clinical application of the laboratory or radiologic test. There is good integration of laboratory values so the reader is not tempted to make assumptions based on isolated results. Data results are cross-referenced when they have several clinical implications in different symptomatology. Differential diagnosis sections add pertinent data to many of the chapters. This kindof information is especially useful for the perioperative nurse when she/he does a preoperative assessment. Chapters on nutritional, vascular, and sleep disorders reflect three important clinical areas that have gained sophisticated diagnostic technology in the past five years. As in the second edition, the authors provide extensive appendices of normal test results, normal values for echocardiograms and cardiac catheterization, and common drugs and their effects on various clinicallaboratory tests. This is one of several current texts on interpretation of diagnostic tests. It does an excellent job of presenting the material a nurse needs to know to assess and plan care for patients. Pat Niessner Palmer, RN, MS Nurse editor AORN Journal Human Needs 3 and the Nursing Process. Helen Yura and Mary B Walsh, eds. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 25 Van Zant St, East Norwalk, Conn 06855, 1983, 288 pp, $15.95 paperback. This is volume three in a series on human needs and the nursing process. The editors continue to stress human needs as the framework on which to base the nursing process.
AORN Journal, November 1983, Vol38, No 5
865
It is not necessary to have readthe previous volumes to understand the intent of this one. It concentrateson the need for sensory integrity; acceptance of self and others; need for rationality, conceptualization, and problem solving; for safety; a wholesome body image; sexual integrity; and the need to manage stress. Each chapter providesan introduction about the particular need, followed by two or more case studies. Case studies are varied so the reader can see how factors such as acute or chronic illness, age, medical intervention (surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, psychiatric) influence the nurse’s plan of action. In each situation, the reader learns a method of assessing the patient’s assets, limitations, therapeutic self-care demands, and self-care deficits. Next, the nursing diagnosis, goals, and strategies are outlined. This is followed by how the nurse implements and evaluates the plan of care and results obtained. Like the first two volumes, this is a very readable and informative book. It will help nurses in any setting to better meet the basic needs of their patients. Sister Kane, RN, MEd, RHSJ Cornwall, Ontario First-line Patient Care Management, 2nd ed. Barbara J Stevens. Aspen Systems Corp, 1600 Research Blvd, Rockville, Md 20850, 1983, 195 pp, $22.50
Are you a head nurse who was promoted from staff nurse without preparatory education or experience? If so, this book is for you. “First-linemanager” is defined by the author as a management position one step above the workers. It is an excellent book written for nurses who supervise a nursing staff in addition to having patient care responsibilities. The author dwells on the roles of the head nurse, charge nurse, and team leader. Part I discusses management issues and collateral relations in first-line management. The author uses practicalexamples and gives good suggestions for dealing with other managers, other health professionals, patients and their families, physicians, and other nurses. Part II defines goal-oriented management, including a section on management by objectives and problem-solving management. This section also provides good information con-
866
cerning change. The author states that “one of the primary functions of the nurse manager is to effect change.” She discusses the psychological aspects of change and gives some advice on how to implement change. Managing patients is the subject of Part 111. A fresh approach to the nursing process is used to assist the first-line manager in understanding and implementing this concept. A chapter is also dedicated to quality control, patient classification, and a comparison of the two systems. Staff management is discussed in the final section of the book. The author provides useful information on many aspects of supervising staff. A valuable chapter in this section deals with delegation and direction. The author acknowledges that “directing and delegating are difficult tasks for many new managers.” In this chapter, as in the rest of the book, she uses practical examples to help new managers learn how to delegate and direct. This section also deals with staffing and assigning, employee performance appraisal, using communications resources, and the aspects of committees in management. “First-line management is an exciting role because it offers the ideal synthesis of management and nursing. It offers the nurse a chance to observe the effects of her direction, and, through the careful use of her staff, it enables her to accomplish more than she ever could do alone.” This aura of excitement pervades the book. Kathy E Shaneberger, RN Allendale, Mich Professionalism and the Empowerment of Nursing. American Nurses’ Association, 2420 PershingRd, Kansas City, Mo 64108,1982,76 PP.
The matter of power and professionalism is a concern in all fields of nursing practice. The papers in this book were presented at the 53rd convention of the American Nurses’ Association in Washington, DC. Speakers addressed roles, stresses, constraints, and alternative ways of obtaining and using power. This book is an excellent source of information for the nurse who wants to be an active change agent within the profession. The papers offer insights, historicalperspectives, and
AORN Journal, November 1983, Vol38, No 5