- Email: [email protected]
Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Stimulates Glucose Uptake in C2C12 muscle cells
364 |
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
ABSTRACT #24
243
244
Carbohydrate Counting Does Not Lead to Dietary Over-consumption in Type 1 Diabetic Children. VALÉRIE BLOUIN*, ISABELLE BOUCHARD, ISABELLE GALIBOIS. Dép. des Sciences des aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval et Centre Mère-Enfant, CHUQ. Québec, QC. Carbohydrate counting is a flexible way to plan meals, but concerns have been raised that it may lead to overconsumption or poor food choices and put diabetic children at nutritional risk. In this study, two 24-h dietary recalls were completed in 70 type 1 diabetic children aged between 6 and 12 years, with a meal plan based on basic (n=21) or advanced (n=49) carbohydrate counting. Nutritional analysis of food recalls showed that mean energy intakes and % kcal for carbohydrate (C), lipid (L) and protein (P) were in line with recommendations according to sex and age. Total daily intake (mean + SD) and C/L/P % distributions were: 1 874 + 372 kcal and 52/31/18 for 6-8 yr old boys, 1 665 + 181 kcal and 55/30/16 for 6-8 yr old girls, 1 917 + 373 kcal and 52/32/17 for 9-12 yr old boys and 1 846 + 350 kcal and 52/32/16 for 9-12 yr old girls. Mean intakes of Ca, vitamin D, Zn, Fe, vitamin B6 and vitamin C exceeded the estimated average requirements (EAR) or the adequate intakes (AI) in all groups, with the exception of Ca in 9-12 yr old girls (mean intake: 1 095 mg, AI: 1 300 mg). Intakes were below recommendations for K, fibre and vitamin E, a common finding in nutrition surveys in children (non-diabetic or diabetic). In conclusion, carbohydrate counting does not seem to lead to energy or macronutrients over-consumption in children with type 1 diabetes. However, attention should be paid to promote adequate food choices to increase intakes of fibre, potassium and vitamin E.
245 Derivation of a Computerized Basal Assessment Algorithm Piloted for Pump Therapy using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data. MATTHEW D. CHANG*, BRIAN R. LEUNG, NEGAR MEMARIAN, BRIAN R. NHAN*, ANDREJ ORSZAG, BRUCE A. PERKINS, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Canada Although insulin for pump therapy in type 1 diabetes includes two components – basal and bolus insulin – accurate quantification of the basal rates is critically important at the time of pump initiation for optimal glycemic control. However, this assessment is frequently insufficient in clinical practice because it requires systematic fasting and daily follow-up with the diabetes team over at least two weeks. As such, automation of this assessment in a pump – ideally with the addition of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology – is highly desirable. We aimed to develop and pilot a computerized algorithm that could eventually be programmed into an existing pump system. As a first step toward this goal, the biomedical engineering team consulted with two physicians with pump expertise. Secondly, the team used the clinical principles to program an algorithm using MATLAB (ver. R2007a). Finally, CGM data from an interstitial enzyme-based system (Medtronic MiniMed Inc., USA) was used to validate the algorithm against physician prescribed rates. The resulting algorithm was optimized using a moving average window proceeding data filtering. The input consisted of 720 data points obtained from over 10 basal assessments from one patient at the time of pump initiation. The output from the algorithm generated a basal profile with 6 different rates, the highest rates occurring overnight and the lowest in the afternoon, which paralleled the profile generated by the diabetes team. Although the parameters of the algorithm are undergoing further modifications, we conclude that automation of the basal rate assessment using CGM technology at the initiation of pump therapy represents a feasible and potentially clinically useful future component of the insulin pump system.
ABSTRACT #1
DES
Anti-Diabetic Potential of Naturally-Occurring Cinnamates HODA M. EID*, LOUIS C. RESEARCH MARTINEAU, DIANE VALLERAND, MUHAMMAD ASIM, AMMAR SALEEM, JOHN T. ARNASON, PIERRE S. HADDAD CIHR Team in Aboriginal Anti-diabetic Medicines, Natural Health Product and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Pharmacology Dept, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Biology Dept, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic acid found in the seeds of many plants such as coffee, wheat and oat. It is reported to be antianti-inflammatory, and oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory. There is growing interest in the anti-diabetic activity of derivatives of this molecule. Whereas CA has no effect on cellular glucose uptake, a derivative of CA, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), can increase glucose uptake in cultured skeletal muscle cells by more than 2-fold. However, this activity may be accompanied by high potential for toxicity. The purpose of the present study is to identify other cinnamates with excellent anti-hyperglycemic potential but reduced potential for toxicity, while elucidating mechanisms of action as well as structural properties responsible for activity. In this study, we have screened several derivatives of CA at 50 M using the skeletal muscle glucose uptake assay and have identified 4 CA derivatives with high activity, 2 derivatives with moderate activity and 9 with no activity. Western immunoblot experiments of muscle cells treated with active compounds reveal that activity is not due to stimulation of insulin signalling pathway, but rather to stimulation of the AMPK pathway. Additionally, our results indicate that activity is correlated with lipophilicity and with absence of carboxyl groups. Decreased lipophilicity compared to CAPE may translate into reduced potential for toxicity. In conclusion, we report cinnamates with heretofore unknown activity and good therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia. Supported by CIHR.
246
ABSTRACT #68
Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Stimulates Glucose Uptake in C2C12 muscle cells. LEONARD TEDONG*, LOUIS C. MARTINEAU, ALI BENHADDOU-ANDALOUSSI, HODA M. EID, RESEARCH PIERRE S. HADDAD. Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal; Montreal, QC, Nutriceutical and Funtional Foods Institute, Laval University, Quebec, QC. Products of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional African medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. To study the action of the plant on glucose metabolism, the effect of leaves, barks, seeds (nuts) and cashew apple on glucose transport in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was investigated. Hydro-ethanolic extract of the different plant parts were prepared and administered at various concentrations (25, 50 and 100 M) to differentiated cells. Among plant parts, cashew seeds extract (CSE) stimulated glucose transport in C2C12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cashew apple triggered a slight stimulation of glucose transport by cells whereas bark and leaves were without effect. There were no additive or synergistic effects found between CSE and insulin on glucose uptake. We further assessed ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation by Western blot analysis and found that CSE stimulated these insulin signalling components at doses above 100 M. Anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol are compounds found in A. occidentale and in our CSE. They have previously been reported to possess an uncoupling effect on mitochondrial and to reduce fat deposits in animals. Test for potential to stimulate glucose transport in C2C12 uncovered activity with resorcinol alkyls. Moreover, glucose uptake increased as a function of the hydrophobicity of the phenolic compounds. These results suggest that the in vitro stimulation of glucose transport by C2C12 is due in part to lipid compounds founds in CSE and could be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of an insulin signalling pathway.
DES
DES
INSULIN ACT
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
ABSTRACT #24
243
244
Carbohydrate Counting Does Not Lead to Dietary Over-consumption in Type 1 Diabetic Children. VALÉRIE BLOUIN*, ISABELLE BOUCHARD, ISABELLE GALIBOIS. Dép. des Sciences des aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval et Centre Mère-Enfant, CHUQ. Québec, QC. Carbohydrate counting is a flexible way to plan meals, but concerns have been raised that it may lead to overconsumption or poor food choices and put diabetic children at nutritional risk. In this study, two 24-h dietary recalls were completed in 70 type 1 diabetic children aged between 6 and 12 years, with a meal plan based on basic (n=21) or advanced (n=49) carbohydrate counting. Nutritional analysis of food recalls showed that mean energy intakes and % kcal for carbohydrate (C), lipid (L) and protein (P) were in line with recommendations according to sex and age. Total daily intake (mean + SD) and C/L/P % distributions were: 1 874 + 372 kcal and 52/31/18 for 6-8 yr old boys, 1 665 + 181 kcal and 55/30/16 for 6-8 yr old girls, 1 917 + 373 kcal and 52/32/17 for 9-12 yr old boys and 1 846 + 350 kcal and 52/32/16 for 9-12 yr old girls. Mean intakes of Ca, vitamin D, Zn, Fe, vitamin B6 and vitamin C exceeded the estimated average requirements (EAR) or the adequate intakes (AI) in all groups, with the exception of Ca in 9-12 yr old girls (mean intake: 1 095 mg, AI: 1 300 mg). Intakes were below recommendations for K, fibre and vitamin E, a common finding in nutrition surveys in children (non-diabetic or diabetic). In conclusion, carbohydrate counting does not seem to lead to energy or macronutrients over-consumption in children with type 1 diabetes. However, attention should be paid to promote adequate food choices to increase intakes of fibre, potassium and vitamin E.
245 Derivation of a Computerized Basal Assessment Algorithm Piloted for Pump Therapy using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data. MATTHEW D. CHANG*, BRIAN R. LEUNG, NEGAR MEMARIAN, BRIAN R. NHAN*, ANDREJ ORSZAG, BRUCE A. PERKINS, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Canada Although insulin for pump therapy in type 1 diabetes includes two components – basal and bolus insulin – accurate quantification of the basal rates is critically important at the time of pump initiation for optimal glycemic control. However, this assessment is frequently insufficient in clinical practice because it requires systematic fasting and daily follow-up with the diabetes team over at least two weeks. As such, automation of this assessment in a pump – ideally with the addition of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology – is highly desirable. We aimed to develop and pilot a computerized algorithm that could eventually be programmed into an existing pump system. As a first step toward this goal, the biomedical engineering team consulted with two physicians with pump expertise. Secondly, the team used the clinical principles to program an algorithm using MATLAB (ver. R2007a). Finally, CGM data from an interstitial enzyme-based system (Medtronic MiniMed Inc., USA) was used to validate the algorithm against physician prescribed rates. The resulting algorithm was optimized using a moving average window proceeding data filtering. The input consisted of 720 data points obtained from over 10 basal assessments from one patient at the time of pump initiation. The output from the algorithm generated a basal profile with 6 different rates, the highest rates occurring overnight and the lowest in the afternoon, which paralleled the profile generated by the diabetes team. Although the parameters of the algorithm are undergoing further modifications, we conclude that automation of the basal rate assessment using CGM technology at the initiation of pump therapy represents a feasible and potentially clinically useful future component of the insulin pump system.
ABSTRACT #1
DES
Anti-Diabetic Potential of Naturally-Occurring Cinnamates HODA M. EID*, LOUIS C. RESEARCH MARTINEAU, DIANE VALLERAND, MUHAMMAD ASIM, AMMAR SALEEM, JOHN T. ARNASON, PIERRE S. HADDAD CIHR Team in Aboriginal Anti-diabetic Medicines, Natural Health Product and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Pharmacology Dept, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Biology Dept, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic acid found in the seeds of many plants such as coffee, wheat and oat. It is reported to be antianti-inflammatory, and oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory. There is growing interest in the anti-diabetic activity of derivatives of this molecule. Whereas CA has no effect on cellular glucose uptake, a derivative of CA, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), can increase glucose uptake in cultured skeletal muscle cells by more than 2-fold. However, this activity may be accompanied by high potential for toxicity. The purpose of the present study is to identify other cinnamates with excellent anti-hyperglycemic potential but reduced potential for toxicity, while elucidating mechanisms of action as well as structural properties responsible for activity. In this study, we have screened several derivatives of CA at 50 M using the skeletal muscle glucose uptake assay and have identified 4 CA derivatives with high activity, 2 derivatives with moderate activity and 9 with no activity. Western immunoblot experiments of muscle cells treated with active compounds reveal that activity is not due to stimulation of insulin signalling pathway, but rather to stimulation of the AMPK pathway. Additionally, our results indicate that activity is correlated with lipophilicity and with absence of carboxyl groups. Decreased lipophilicity compared to CAPE may translate into reduced potential for toxicity. In conclusion, we report cinnamates with heretofore unknown activity and good therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia. Supported by CIHR.
246
ABSTRACT #68
Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Stimulates Glucose Uptake in C2C12 muscle cells. LEONARD TEDONG*, LOUIS C. MARTINEAU, ALI BENHADDOU-ANDALOUSSI, HODA M. EID, RESEARCH PIERRE S. HADDAD. Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal; Montreal, QC, Nutriceutical and Funtional Foods Institute, Laval University, Quebec, QC. Products of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional African medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. To study the action of the plant on glucose metabolism, the effect of leaves, barks, seeds (nuts) and cashew apple on glucose transport in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was investigated. Hydro-ethanolic extract of the different plant parts were prepared and administered at various concentrations (25, 50 and 100 M) to differentiated cells. Among plant parts, cashew seeds extract (CSE) stimulated glucose transport in C2C12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cashew apple triggered a slight stimulation of glucose transport by cells whereas bark and leaves were without effect. There were no additive or synergistic effects found between CSE and insulin on glucose uptake. We further assessed ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation by Western blot analysis and found that CSE stimulated these insulin signalling components at doses above 100 M. Anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol are compounds found in A. occidentale and in our CSE. They have previously been reported to possess an uncoupling effect on mitochondrial and to reduce fat deposits in animals. Test for potential to stimulate glucose transport in C2C12 uncovered activity with resorcinol alkyls. Moreover, glucose uptake increased as a function of the hydrophobicity of the phenolic compounds. These results suggest that the in vitro stimulation of glucose transport by C2C12 is due in part to lipid compounds founds in CSE and could be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of an insulin signalling pathway.
DES
DES
INSULIN ACT