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Hydrogeological investigations
158A 884O25 Discussion on reservoir induced exogenous earthquakes Xia Qifa; Wang Yongxi: Li Min Proc 5th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October 1986 V2. P1399-1407. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1986
See also 884160. 884161
Data on exogenous reservoir induced earthquakes from around the world have been analysed. It is possible to classify five different mechanisms: karst collapse in carbonate rocks: solution cavity collapse in evaporites;landslide or rockfall: freeze fracturing: and stress relief in the surface of the earth crust. If exogenous and tectonic reservoir induced seismicity could be distinguished, evaluation of seismic risks at construction sites would be easier.
884O28 Groundwater geochemistry Edmunds, W M in: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P49107. Publ London. Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
Groundwater
The main principles of hydrogeochemical analysis are outlined in detail. The processes which control the chemical composition of the groundwater, such as parent-rock geochemistry, surface reactions and microbiological processes, are described. Groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics from the main UK aquifers, particularly alluvial formations, chalk and Triassic sandstone, are discussed. A major section on the criteria necessary for successful hydrogeochemical investigations, and a review of the main parameters to be measured, are presented. Finally, the interpretation of hydrogeochemical data. and water quality and use are discussed.
Hydrogeology See also. 884170
884026 Hydrogeological investigations Headworth, H G; Skinner, A C in: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection. edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Alanuals: 5) P229269. Publ London. Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
884029 Theory of groundwater flow Oakes, D B In: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P109134. Publ London. Institution o f Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
Hydrogeological investigations are based on the systematic study of 3 expressions: water balance equation, water quality equation and Darcy's law. The parameters for these expressions are obtained from the geological framework (maps, borehole records), hydrogeological properties (hydraulic conductivity, groundwater storage), quality studies (sampling. transport processes), and water resources (catchment area, rainfall, river flows). Other considerations include legal and planning requirements, access and services, public relations, effects on water users, and environmental effects and ancillary studies. Five case studies are presented to illustrate the techtuques: coastal aquifer, emergency spill discharge, regional groundwater schemes, new groundwater source and resource reconnaissance.
Theory of groundwater flow uses physical laws and mathematical analysis to aid understanding of the processes controlling water flow and the transport of pollutants in aquifers. The concepts of hydraulic conductivity, porosity and storage are defined in terms of water movement through a porous medium, and the influence of fractures and solution channels on flow outlined. Equations of groundwater flow (I-D steady state flow, and I- and 2-D transient flow), recharge and discharge, groundwater movement, unsaturated flow and solute movement are also discussed.
884O27 Soil pipes and their role in runoff generation and chemical denudation in a humid tropical catchment in Dominica Walsh, R P D; Howells. K A Earth Surf Process Land Vl3. Nl. Feb 1988. P9-17 The flow, specific conductance, temperature and solute concentration of soil pipes were monitored to assess their role in streamflow generation. Results indicate that total pipeflow contribution to streamflow exceeds 20%. The high silica content and specific conductance suggest that pipes tap the solute rich water near the rock-soil interface and contribute to streamflow via basefow not storm flow.
88403O Well tests Reeves, M J In: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P135188. Publ London: Institution o f Water Engineers and Scientists, 1986 Hydraulic tests may be performed on wells or boreholes in order to determine the characteristics of the well, the local aquifer and/or the regional aquifer. The many test methods available may be divided into small and large scale tests. Descriptions of small scale tests: rising and falling head, slug and bail, constant head, packer, and tracer dilution; and large scale tests: step-drawdown, constant.discharge, variable-discharge, recovery and multiple-well, are presented. Testing philosophy and design is briefly discussed.
~ 1988 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted
See also 884160. 884161
Data on exogenous reservoir induced earthquakes from around the world have been analysed. It is possible to classify five different mechanisms: karst collapse in carbonate rocks: solution cavity collapse in evaporites;landslide or rockfall: freeze fracturing: and stress relief in the surface of the earth crust. If exogenous and tectonic reservoir induced seismicity could be distinguished, evaluation of seismic risks at construction sites would be easier.
884O28 Groundwater geochemistry Edmunds, W M in: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P49107. Publ London. Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
Groundwater
The main principles of hydrogeochemical analysis are outlined in detail. The processes which control the chemical composition of the groundwater, such as parent-rock geochemistry, surface reactions and microbiological processes, are described. Groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics from the main UK aquifers, particularly alluvial formations, chalk and Triassic sandstone, are discussed. A major section on the criteria necessary for successful hydrogeochemical investigations, and a review of the main parameters to be measured, are presented. Finally, the interpretation of hydrogeochemical data. and water quality and use are discussed.
Hydrogeology See also. 884170
884026 Hydrogeological investigations Headworth, H G; Skinner, A C in: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection. edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Alanuals: 5) P229269. Publ London. Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
884029 Theory of groundwater flow Oakes, D B In: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P109134. Publ London. Institution o f Water Engineers and Scientists. 1986
Hydrogeological investigations are based on the systematic study of 3 expressions: water balance equation, water quality equation and Darcy's law. The parameters for these expressions are obtained from the geological framework (maps, borehole records), hydrogeological properties (hydraulic conductivity, groundwater storage), quality studies (sampling. transport processes), and water resources (catchment area, rainfall, river flows). Other considerations include legal and planning requirements, access and services, public relations, effects on water users, and environmental effects and ancillary studies. Five case studies are presented to illustrate the techtuques: coastal aquifer, emergency spill discharge, regional groundwater schemes, new groundwater source and resource reconnaissance.
Theory of groundwater flow uses physical laws and mathematical analysis to aid understanding of the processes controlling water flow and the transport of pollutants in aquifers. The concepts of hydraulic conductivity, porosity and storage are defined in terms of water movement through a porous medium, and the influence of fractures and solution channels on flow outlined. Equations of groundwater flow (I-D steady state flow, and I- and 2-D transient flow), recharge and discharge, groundwater movement, unsaturated flow and solute movement are also discussed.
884O27 Soil pipes and their role in runoff generation and chemical denudation in a humid tropical catchment in Dominica Walsh, R P D; Howells. K A Earth Surf Process Land Vl3. Nl. Feb 1988. P9-17 The flow, specific conductance, temperature and solute concentration of soil pipes were monitored to assess their role in streamflow generation. Results indicate that total pipeflow contribution to streamflow exceeds 20%. The high silica content and specific conductance suggest that pipes tap the solute rich water near the rock-soil interface and contribute to streamflow via basefow not storm flow.
88403O Well tests Reeves, M J In: Groundwater: occurrence, development and protection, edited by T W Brandon (Water Practice Manuals: 5) P135188. Publ London: Institution o f Water Engineers and Scientists, 1986 Hydraulic tests may be performed on wells or boreholes in order to determine the characteristics of the well, the local aquifer and/or the regional aquifer. The many test methods available may be divided into small and large scale tests. Descriptions of small scale tests: rising and falling head, slug and bail, constant head, packer, and tracer dilution; and large scale tests: step-drawdown, constant.discharge, variable-discharge, recovery and multiple-well, are presented. Testing philosophy and design is briefly discussed.
~ 1988 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted