- Email: [email protected]
Hypertensive action of an ultrafiltration extract of dog spleen previously treated with posterior pituitary extract
Department
of Reviews
and Abstracts
Selected Abstracts Page, Irvine IX, and Sweet, J. E.: The Effect of Hypophysectomy on Arterial Blood Pressure of Dogs With Experimental Hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 120: 238,
1937.
Hypertension of the order of 24O/lSO mm. Hg was produced in dogs by constricting the renal arteries of dogs by means of Goldblatt’s clamp. It was maintained for several months. Hypophysectomy in these animals reduced the arterial pressure to levels slightly above normal (150/100) or below normal (90/-&O) within a period of twenty days. Hypophysectomy in normal dogs reduced the arterial pressure only slightly (from about 140/170 to 116/50). Increasing the constriction of the renal arteries after hypophysectomy again produced a rise in blood pressure, but this tended to be less marked and transient, especially in the dogs which became sluggish and fat and exhibited reduced basal The rise was better maintained in dogs metabolism and often diabetes insipidus. which were thih and active and with normal or elevated basal metabolism. After hypertension had been reduced by hypophysectomy, feeding thyroid (0.8 gm.) raised the blood pressure moderately (190/120), and injection of theelin (1 C.C. daily) or antuitrin-8 (1 C.C. daily) had no effect. The effect of hypophysectomy on hypertensive dogs is believed to be an inIt is postulated that the responsiveness of the blood vessels to chemical direct one. This may be stimuli from the kidneys with constricted renal arteries is reduced. due to lack of the secretions which may in turn be due to withdrawal by hypopbysectomy of the chemical stimuli normally afforded them by the hypophysis.
AUTHOR. MalmBjac,
and Desanti,
J.,
Hypophyseal
Extract.
E.:
Compt.
Concerning rend.
Sot.
the Cardiovascular
de biol.
125:
475,
Properties
of
1937.
Watery extract of the hypophysis (Carrion Co.) was injected intravenously into dogs anesthetized with chldralose and was found to give rise to a sharp fall arter,ial pressure accompanied by dilatation of peripheral vessels (plethysmographic measurements) --in kidney and foot. The surprising result was that the spleen, contradistinction to the behavior of other organs, contracted sharply.
in in
STEELE. Scheiner, H. : Hypertensive Action of an Ultrafiltration Previously Treated With ‘Posterior Pituitary Extract. biol.
125:
125,
Extract Compt.
of Dog Spleen rend.
Sot.
de
1937.
An extract of spleen, obtained from the fresh organ after a period of electrical stimulation.of its nerve by ultrafiltration, has been previously studied by the author, and it ‘was shown to cause usually a fall in arterial pressure, but in a certain number of instances (8 out of 22) was followed by a rise. He has also shown that 505
506
THE
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
when the animal has been previously corainized and atropinized, injection of the spleen extract xws regularly followed by a rise in arterial pressure. In the present series of experiments the extracst of spleen WRP given to dogs under chloralose anesthesia after they had been treated with an extract of the posterior pituitary gland. Just as after cocaaine and atropin the splenie extrzacdt now gave rise regularly to a rise in pressure. One important difference wits notetl; whereas injection of cocaine and atropin had to be repeated after an interval of one hour to maintain the pressor effect of the splenic extra,+, the effect of posterior pituitary extract lasted for at least four or five hours. Scheiner believes the extract of the hypophysis -it is soluble in 80 per cent and insoluble in 93 per cant alcohol and insoluble in acaetone-to he similar to, if not identical with, vasopressin. STEELE. E. : An Autolyzing Kidney Gives Rise to Substances Hypertension. Compt. rend. Sot. de biol. 126: 58, 1937.
Dicker,
Which
Produce
Both renal arteries of dogs were completely clamped. Twenty-four hours later the animals were anesthetized by chloralose, and arterial pressure in the femoral artery was recorded while releasing the clamps, first on the one, and then the other side. Arterial pressure rose 40 to 50 mm. Hg and remained elevated for about twenty minutes after release of each artery. If instead of opening the clamps the kidney was perfused with Locke’s solution and the perfusate injected into the .femornZ vein, a similar rise occurred. The rise in pressure failrtl to o(*(ur if the perfusate was injcc+ed into a mrserUrric vein. The vasopressor principles of tlrc antolyzing kitlrmy survirc: prolonged boiling, oxidation with potassium lk~rmanganate, am1 aging; they arc soluble in :tl~oliol but not in ether. 8TEEI 1I .
BPrtschi, W.: Physiol.
238:
The Reaction
of the Coronary Arteries
to Histamin.
Arch.
f. cl. ges.
606, 193i.
The reaction to histamin of excised arterial rings from twent.v-seven steers was The threshold dose was from 1 part in found without exception to be contraction. He demonstrates a “cumulative” action of the 21/r millions to I part in 500,000. drug in that repetition of a dose which failed to give rise to contraction succeeds in doing so after an interval of thirty minutes. Acetylcholin is effective in contracting the coronary arteries in approximately l/lo the dose of histamin, but. no “potentiation” of the one drug hy t,he other was demonstrable. STEELE.
McGuire, Johnson, Hauenstein, Virgil, and Shore, Rose: Cardiac Output in Heart Disease Determined by the Direct Fick Method, Including Comparative Determinations by the Acetylene Method. Arch. Int. Med. 66: 1034, 1937. The cardiac output has been determined by the direct method of Pick and the modified acetylene method of Grollman for six patients with serious heart disease. In all the patients the cardiac output was subnormal. The results demonstrated close qualitative comparison between the modified acetylene and the direct method, although the absolute values tended to be lower by the acetylene method. No relationship between the severity of symptoms or the severity of failure, as and the level of cardiac output judged by measurements of circulatory efficiency, was demonstrated. AUTHOR,
of Reviews
and Abstracts
Selected Abstracts Page, Irvine IX, and Sweet, J. E.: The Effect of Hypophysectomy on Arterial Blood Pressure of Dogs With Experimental Hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 120: 238,
1937.
Hypertension of the order of 24O/lSO mm. Hg was produced in dogs by constricting the renal arteries of dogs by means of Goldblatt’s clamp. It was maintained for several months. Hypophysectomy in these animals reduced the arterial pressure to levels slightly above normal (150/100) or below normal (90/-&O) within a period of twenty days. Hypophysectomy in normal dogs reduced the arterial pressure only slightly (from about 140/170 to 116/50). Increasing the constriction of the renal arteries after hypophysectomy again produced a rise in blood pressure, but this tended to be less marked and transient, especially in the dogs which became sluggish and fat and exhibited reduced basal The rise was better maintained in dogs metabolism and often diabetes insipidus. which were thih and active and with normal or elevated basal metabolism. After hypertension had been reduced by hypophysectomy, feeding thyroid (0.8 gm.) raised the blood pressure moderately (190/120), and injection of theelin (1 C.C. daily) or antuitrin-8 (1 C.C. daily) had no effect. The effect of hypophysectomy on hypertensive dogs is believed to be an inIt is postulated that the responsiveness of the blood vessels to chemical direct one. This may be stimuli from the kidneys with constricted renal arteries is reduced. due to lack of the secretions which may in turn be due to withdrawal by hypopbysectomy of the chemical stimuli normally afforded them by the hypophysis.
AUTHOR. MalmBjac,
and Desanti,
J.,
Hypophyseal
Extract.
E.:
Compt.
Concerning rend.
Sot.
the Cardiovascular
de biol.
125:
475,
Properties
of
1937.
Watery extract of the hypophysis (Carrion Co.) was injected intravenously into dogs anesthetized with chldralose and was found to give rise to a sharp fall arter,ial pressure accompanied by dilatation of peripheral vessels (plethysmographic measurements) --in kidney and foot. The surprising result was that the spleen, contradistinction to the behavior of other organs, contracted sharply.
in in
STEELE. Scheiner, H. : Hypertensive Action of an Ultrafiltration Previously Treated With ‘Posterior Pituitary Extract. biol.
125:
125,
Extract Compt.
of Dog Spleen rend.
Sot.
de
1937.
An extract of spleen, obtained from the fresh organ after a period of electrical stimulation.of its nerve by ultrafiltration, has been previously studied by the author, and it ‘was shown to cause usually a fall in arterial pressure, but in a certain number of instances (8 out of 22) was followed by a rise. He has also shown that 505
506
THE
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
when the animal has been previously corainized and atropinized, injection of the spleen extract xws regularly followed by a rise in arterial pressure. In the present series of experiments the extracst of spleen WRP given to dogs under chloralose anesthesia after they had been treated with an extract of the posterior pituitary gland. Just as after cocaaine and atropin the splenie extrzacdt now gave rise regularly to a rise in pressure. One important difference wits notetl; whereas injection of cocaine and atropin had to be repeated after an interval of one hour to maintain the pressor effect of the splenic extra,+, the effect of posterior pituitary extract lasted for at least four or five hours. Scheiner believes the extract of the hypophysis -it is soluble in 80 per cent and insoluble in 93 per cant alcohol and insoluble in acaetone-to he similar to, if not identical with, vasopressin. STEELE. E. : An Autolyzing Kidney Gives Rise to Substances Hypertension. Compt. rend. Sot. de biol. 126: 58, 1937.
Dicker,
Which
Produce
Both renal arteries of dogs were completely clamped. Twenty-four hours later the animals were anesthetized by chloralose, and arterial pressure in the femoral artery was recorded while releasing the clamps, first on the one, and then the other side. Arterial pressure rose 40 to 50 mm. Hg and remained elevated for about twenty minutes after release of each artery. If instead of opening the clamps the kidney was perfused with Locke’s solution and the perfusate injected into the .femornZ vein, a similar rise occurred. The rise in pressure failrtl to o(*(ur if the perfusate was injcc+ed into a mrserUrric vein. The vasopressor principles of tlrc antolyzing kitlrmy survirc: prolonged boiling, oxidation with potassium lk~rmanganate, am1 aging; they arc soluble in :tl~oliol but not in ether. 8TEEI 1I .
BPrtschi, W.: Physiol.
238:
The Reaction
of the Coronary Arteries
to Histamin.
Arch.
f. cl. ges.
606, 193i.
The reaction to histamin of excised arterial rings from twent.v-seven steers was The threshold dose was from 1 part in found without exception to be contraction. He demonstrates a “cumulative” action of the 21/r millions to I part in 500,000. drug in that repetition of a dose which failed to give rise to contraction succeeds in doing so after an interval of thirty minutes. Acetylcholin is effective in contracting the coronary arteries in approximately l/lo the dose of histamin, but. no “potentiation” of the one drug hy t,he other was demonstrable. STEELE.
McGuire, Johnson, Hauenstein, Virgil, and Shore, Rose: Cardiac Output in Heart Disease Determined by the Direct Fick Method, Including Comparative Determinations by the Acetylene Method. Arch. Int. Med. 66: 1034, 1937. The cardiac output has been determined by the direct method of Pick and the modified acetylene method of Grollman for six patients with serious heart disease. In all the patients the cardiac output was subnormal. The results demonstrated close qualitative comparison between the modified acetylene and the direct method, although the absolute values tended to be lower by the acetylene method. No relationship between the severity of symptoms or the severity of failure, as and the level of cardiac output judged by measurements of circulatory efficiency, was demonstrated. AUTHOR,