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Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain
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detectable warmth to painful, and a warm-hot attribute running from just detectable warmth to hot. This study demonstrates the utility of the INDSCAL approach to the understanding of pain and offers a new technique for answering the classical question about the number and qualities of dimensions underlying the pain experience.
Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain. - M.E. Miller and K.S. Bowers, J. abnorm. Psychol., 95 (1986) 6-14. The influence of hypnotic ability on 3 methods of reducing cold-pressor pain was investigated. Following a baseline immersion, 30 high and 30 low hypnotizable undergraduates randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: stress inoculation training, stress inoculation training defined as hypnosis, or hypnotic analgesia. Analysis of pain reports indicated a significant hypnotic ability x treatment interaction. Among subjects receiving hypnotic analgesia, high hypnotizables reported significantly less intense pain than the low hypnotizables. There was no differential response for high and low hypnotizable subjects receiving stress inoculation training, whether or not it was defined as hypnotic. Moreover, subjects in the stress inoculation condition (whether or not defined as hypnosis) reported using cognitive strategies to reduce pain whereas this was not the case for subjects in the hypnotic analgesia condition. The present findings seem inconsistent with the social psychological account of hypnosis and are discussed from a dissociation perspective which views hypnosis as involving changes in the way information is processed.
Stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval effects on pain-related cerebral potentials. - R.C. Jacobson, C.R. Chapman and R. Gerlach, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 62 (1985) 352-363. The amplitudes of evoked potentials (EPs) elicited from human subjects by painful tooth pulp stimulation are sometimes used in laboratory studies of pain and analgesia. The amplitudes of dental EPs change with analgesic interventions as well may also vary as as the intensity of painful stimuli; however, EP amplitudes interstimulus interval (ISI) is lengthened when the painfulness of the stimulus is held constant. This study investigated and compared the effects of stimulus intensity and IS1 on EP amplitudes. The interrelationship between stimulus intensity and IS1 in vertex EPs was studied using 16 subjects, each tested with 4 dental stimulus intensities at 4 different ISIS to form 16 averaged EPs. These data were analyzed in 2 ways: first by multiple regression analysis of peak-to-peak amplitudes and second, by single-trial analysis for each subject. The latter was based on a linear model employing principle components loadings as basis functions from which were derived separate time-dependent functions describing the contributions of intensity and IS1 to EPs. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the averaged EPs grew larger with increases in either intensity or ISI. Single-trial analysis revealed subtle, but consistent differences in the peak latencies between stimulus and IS1 components, suggesting that these components arise from different sources.
detectable warmth to painful, and a warm-hot attribute running from just detectable warmth to hot. This study demonstrates the utility of the INDSCAL approach to the understanding of pain and offers a new technique for answering the classical question about the number and qualities of dimensions underlying the pain experience.
Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain. - M.E. Miller and K.S. Bowers, J. abnorm. Psychol., 95 (1986) 6-14. The influence of hypnotic ability on 3 methods of reducing cold-pressor pain was investigated. Following a baseline immersion, 30 high and 30 low hypnotizable undergraduates randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: stress inoculation training, stress inoculation training defined as hypnosis, or hypnotic analgesia. Analysis of pain reports indicated a significant hypnotic ability x treatment interaction. Among subjects receiving hypnotic analgesia, high hypnotizables reported significantly less intense pain than the low hypnotizables. There was no differential response for high and low hypnotizable subjects receiving stress inoculation training, whether or not it was defined as hypnotic. Moreover, subjects in the stress inoculation condition (whether or not defined as hypnosis) reported using cognitive strategies to reduce pain whereas this was not the case for subjects in the hypnotic analgesia condition. The present findings seem inconsistent with the social psychological account of hypnosis and are discussed from a dissociation perspective which views hypnosis as involving changes in the way information is processed.
Stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval effects on pain-related cerebral potentials. - R.C. Jacobson, C.R. Chapman and R. Gerlach, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 62 (1985) 352-363. The amplitudes of evoked potentials (EPs) elicited from human subjects by painful tooth pulp stimulation are sometimes used in laboratory studies of pain and analgesia. The amplitudes of dental EPs change with analgesic interventions as well may also vary as as the intensity of painful stimuli; however, EP amplitudes interstimulus interval (ISI) is lengthened when the painfulness of the stimulus is held constant. This study investigated and compared the effects of stimulus intensity and IS1 on EP amplitudes. The interrelationship between stimulus intensity and IS1 in vertex EPs was studied using 16 subjects, each tested with 4 dental stimulus intensities at 4 different ISIS to form 16 averaged EPs. These data were analyzed in 2 ways: first by multiple regression analysis of peak-to-peak amplitudes and second, by single-trial analysis for each subject. The latter was based on a linear model employing principle components loadings as basis functions from which were derived separate time-dependent functions describing the contributions of intensity and IS1 to EPs. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the averaged EPs grew larger with increases in either intensity or ISI. Single-trial analysis revealed subtle, but consistent differences in the peak latencies between stimulus and IS1 components, suggesting that these components arise from different sources.