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Hypoglycemic activity of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts in rats
Fitoterapia 73 Ž2002. 156᎐159
Short report
Hypoglycemic activity of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts in rats Y.N. Seetharam a , Gururaj Chalageri a,U , S. Ramachandra Setty b, Bheemachar b a
Biosystematics and Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gulbarga Uni¨ ersity, Gulbarga 585 106, India b Department of Pharmacology, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur, India
Received 5 April 2001; accepted in revised form 5 February 2002
Abstract Alcohol and water extracts of Abutilon indicum leaves Ž400 mgrkg, p.o.. showed significant hypoglycemic effect in normal rats 4 h after administration Ž23.10% and 26.95%, respectively.. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Abutilon indicum; Hypoglycemic activity
Plant. Abutilon indicum ŽL.. Sweet ŽMalvaceae. w1,2x fresh leaves were collected locally, during October᎐November. An authenticated voucher specimen was deposited in Herbarium, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga ŽHGUG-562.. Uses in traditional medicine and reported activities. As laxative, emollient, and for the treatment of piles w3,4x. The folk practitioners also use this plant for curing blood dysentery, fever, allergy, and also as aphrodisiac w5x. Antibacterial and antifungal activities have been reported for the roots w6x. Previously isolated class of constituents. Alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, and glycosides w7᎐9x. U
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽG. Chalageri..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 0 1 5 - 1
Extracts
0h
Petrol
80.4 " 1.29
CHCl3
67.7 " 1.80
EtOH
88.9 " 2.87
Water
67.5 " 2.45
Tolbutamide Ž40 mgrkg, p.o..
92.7 " 1.86
1h 73.8 " 1.08 Ž8.18. 59.7 " 1.69U Ž11.86. 72.4 " 2.32 Ž18.40. 60.5 " 2.71 Ž10.53. 61.0 " 1.94UUU Ž34.96.
2h 76.9 " 0.98 Ž4.33. 56.9 " 2.28 Ž15.90. 74.8 " 2.61UU Ž15.70. 60.0 " 3.29 Ž11.29. 49.8 " 2.37UUU Ž47.25.
4h 71.7 " 4.13 Ž10.72. 60.0 " 1.29 Ž11.30. 68.3 " 3.11UU Ž23.10. 49.1 " 1.58UU Ž26.95. 43.3 " 1.95UUU Ž53.88.
Values Žmgr100 ml. are mean " S.E. Ž n s 5., determined at different time Žh. after treatment. UU UUU P - 0.05; P - 0.01; P - 0.001 vs. 0 h; Student’s t-test. The percentage of reduction is shown in brackets.
U
6h U
8h UU
72.4 " 0.73 Ž9.73. 56.5 " 1.82 Ž16.60. 69.5 " 2.57UU Ž26.50. 48.6 " 1.47UU Ž27.89. 46.2 " 1.51UUU Ž50.71.
73.6 " 0.22UU Ž8.28. 58.5 " 0.97UU Ž13.40. 73.1 " 1.62UU Ž21.60. 62.5 " 2.35 Ž10.11. 63.1 " 1.65UUU Ž32.76.
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159
Table 1 Effect of Abutilum indicum leaf extracts Ž400 mgrkg, p.o.. on blood glucose level in normal rats
157
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159
158
Tested material. Petroleum ether Ž60᎐80 ⬚C., CHCl 3 , EtOH, and water successive Soxhlet extracts Žyields: 2.26, 4.48, 14.3 and 9.82%, respectively, on dried wt... Phytochemical screening w10᎐12x gave positive test for steroids and triterpenoids Žpetroleum ether extract .; steroids, flavonoids, and tannins ŽCHCl 3 extract.; triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides ŽEtOH extract.; saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides Žwater extract .. Studied activity. Hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. Blood glucose level was measured by using oxidaserperoxidase method w13x. Animals received the extracts suspended in gum acacia Ž0.5%. by single oral administration; the dose Ž400 mgrkg. was selected after preliminary behaviour and acute toxicity test. Animals. Wistar rats Ž200᎐300 g. of either sex were used. They were housed in standard environmental conditions at the animal house. The animals were fasted for 18 h prior to experiment, with water ad libitum. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. The petrol and CHCl 3 extract of A. indicum leaves did not show a significant hypoglycemic activity. On the contrary, the alcoholic extract after oral administration of 400 mgrkg exhibits significant reduction in the blood glucose levels from the 4th h to the 8th h by approximately 23%. Similarly, the aqueous extract has shown significant reduction in blood glucose level both at the 4th h Ž26.95%. and 6th h Ž27.89%., respectively ŽTable 1.. These results compared to that obtained with Tolbutamide, indicate that the above extracts possess a weak activity. Since flavonoids are known to regenerate the damaged pancreatic -cells w14x and glycosides stimulate the secretion of insulin in -cells of pancreas w15x, the presence of both in the active extracts may be responsible for their activity.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Chairman, Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga and The Principal, VLCP College for giving permission and providing laboratory facility to carry out this work.
References w1x w2x w3x w4x w5x w6x w7x
Gamble JS. Flora of the Presidency of Madras, vol. 1. London: Adlard and Sons Ltd, 1935. Saldanha CJ. Flora of Karnataka, vol. 1. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Ltd, 1996. Mhaskar KS. Indian medicinal plants. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1935. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Nayer SL. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: CSIR, 1956. Seetharam YN, Gururaj C, Vijay M, Haleshi C. Ethnobotany 1999;11Ž1 & 2.:32. Mehta BK, Neogi R, Kotra S, Mall OP. Fitoterapia 1997;68:273. Dhanalaksmi S, Lakshmanan KK, Subramanian MS. J Res Edn Indian Med 1990;9:21.
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159 w8x w9x w10x w11x w12x w13x w14x w15x
159
Sankara Subramanian S, Nair AGR. Phytochemistry 1972;11:1518. Sharma PV, Zafarul AA. Phytochemistry 1989;28:3525. Trease G, Evans WC. Text book of pharmacognosy. London: Baillier Tindall, 1972. Peach K, Tracey MV. Modern methods of plant analysis, vol. 1. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1956. Gibbs RD. Chemotaxonomy of flowering plants, vol. 1. London: McGill-Queens University, 1974. Trinder P. Ann Clin Biochem 1969;6:24. Chakravarthy BK, Gupta S, Gambir SS, Gode KD. Ind J Pharmacol 1980;12:123. Sheeja C, Augusti KT. Indian J Exp Biol 1993;31:26.
Short report
Hypoglycemic activity of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts in rats Y.N. Seetharam a , Gururaj Chalageri a,U , S. Ramachandra Setty b, Bheemachar b a
Biosystematics and Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gulbarga Uni¨ ersity, Gulbarga 585 106, India b Department of Pharmacology, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur, India
Received 5 April 2001; accepted in revised form 5 February 2002
Abstract Alcohol and water extracts of Abutilon indicum leaves Ž400 mgrkg, p.o.. showed significant hypoglycemic effect in normal rats 4 h after administration Ž23.10% and 26.95%, respectively.. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Abutilon indicum; Hypoglycemic activity
Plant. Abutilon indicum ŽL.. Sweet ŽMalvaceae. w1,2x fresh leaves were collected locally, during October᎐November. An authenticated voucher specimen was deposited in Herbarium, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga ŽHGUG-562.. Uses in traditional medicine and reported activities. As laxative, emollient, and for the treatment of piles w3,4x. The folk practitioners also use this plant for curing blood dysentery, fever, allergy, and also as aphrodisiac w5x. Antibacterial and antifungal activities have been reported for the roots w6x. Previously isolated class of constituents. Alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, and glycosides w7᎐9x. U
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽG. Chalageri..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 0 1 5 - 1
Extracts
0h
Petrol
80.4 " 1.29
CHCl3
67.7 " 1.80
EtOH
88.9 " 2.87
Water
67.5 " 2.45
Tolbutamide Ž40 mgrkg, p.o..
92.7 " 1.86
1h 73.8 " 1.08 Ž8.18. 59.7 " 1.69U Ž11.86. 72.4 " 2.32 Ž18.40. 60.5 " 2.71 Ž10.53. 61.0 " 1.94UUU Ž34.96.
2h 76.9 " 0.98 Ž4.33. 56.9 " 2.28 Ž15.90. 74.8 " 2.61UU Ž15.70. 60.0 " 3.29 Ž11.29. 49.8 " 2.37UUU Ž47.25.
4h 71.7 " 4.13 Ž10.72. 60.0 " 1.29 Ž11.30. 68.3 " 3.11UU Ž23.10. 49.1 " 1.58UU Ž26.95. 43.3 " 1.95UUU Ž53.88.
Values Žmgr100 ml. are mean " S.E. Ž n s 5., determined at different time Žh. after treatment. UU UUU P - 0.05; P - 0.01; P - 0.001 vs. 0 h; Student’s t-test. The percentage of reduction is shown in brackets.
U
6h U
8h UU
72.4 " 0.73 Ž9.73. 56.5 " 1.82 Ž16.60. 69.5 " 2.57UU Ž26.50. 48.6 " 1.47UU Ž27.89. 46.2 " 1.51UUU Ž50.71.
73.6 " 0.22UU Ž8.28. 58.5 " 0.97UU Ž13.40. 73.1 " 1.62UU Ž21.60. 62.5 " 2.35 Ž10.11. 63.1 " 1.65UUU Ž32.76.
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159
Table 1 Effect of Abutilum indicum leaf extracts Ž400 mgrkg, p.o.. on blood glucose level in normal rats
157
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159
158
Tested material. Petroleum ether Ž60᎐80 ⬚C., CHCl 3 , EtOH, and water successive Soxhlet extracts Žyields: 2.26, 4.48, 14.3 and 9.82%, respectively, on dried wt... Phytochemical screening w10᎐12x gave positive test for steroids and triterpenoids Žpetroleum ether extract .; steroids, flavonoids, and tannins ŽCHCl 3 extract.; triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides ŽEtOH extract.; saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides Žwater extract .. Studied activity. Hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. Blood glucose level was measured by using oxidaserperoxidase method w13x. Animals received the extracts suspended in gum acacia Ž0.5%. by single oral administration; the dose Ž400 mgrkg. was selected after preliminary behaviour and acute toxicity test. Animals. Wistar rats Ž200᎐300 g. of either sex were used. They were housed in standard environmental conditions at the animal house. The animals were fasted for 18 h prior to experiment, with water ad libitum. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. The petrol and CHCl 3 extract of A. indicum leaves did not show a significant hypoglycemic activity. On the contrary, the alcoholic extract after oral administration of 400 mgrkg exhibits significant reduction in the blood glucose levels from the 4th h to the 8th h by approximately 23%. Similarly, the aqueous extract has shown significant reduction in blood glucose level both at the 4th h Ž26.95%. and 6th h Ž27.89%., respectively ŽTable 1.. These results compared to that obtained with Tolbutamide, indicate that the above extracts possess a weak activity. Since flavonoids are known to regenerate the damaged pancreatic -cells w14x and glycosides stimulate the secretion of insulin in -cells of pancreas w15x, the presence of both in the active extracts may be responsible for their activity.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Chairman, Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga and The Principal, VLCP College for giving permission and providing laboratory facility to carry out this work.
References w1x w2x w3x w4x w5x w6x w7x
Gamble JS. Flora of the Presidency of Madras, vol. 1. London: Adlard and Sons Ltd, 1935. Saldanha CJ. Flora of Karnataka, vol. 1. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Ltd, 1996. Mhaskar KS. Indian medicinal plants. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1935. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Nayer SL. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: CSIR, 1956. Seetharam YN, Gururaj C, Vijay M, Haleshi C. Ethnobotany 1999;11Ž1 & 2.:32. Mehta BK, Neogi R, Kotra S, Mall OP. Fitoterapia 1997;68:273. Dhanalaksmi S, Lakshmanan KK, Subramanian MS. J Res Edn Indian Med 1990;9:21.
Y.N. Seetharam et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 156᎐159 w8x w9x w10x w11x w12x w13x w14x w15x
159
Sankara Subramanian S, Nair AGR. Phytochemistry 1972;11:1518. Sharma PV, Zafarul AA. Phytochemistry 1989;28:3525. Trease G, Evans WC. Text book of pharmacognosy. London: Baillier Tindall, 1972. Peach K, Tracey MV. Modern methods of plant analysis, vol. 1. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1956. Gibbs RD. Chemotaxonomy of flowering plants, vol. 1. London: McGill-Queens University, 1974. Trinder P. Ann Clin Biochem 1969;6:24. Chakravarthy BK, Gupta S, Gambir SS, Gode KD. Ind J Pharmacol 1980;12:123. Sheeja C, Augusti KT. Indian J Exp Biol 1993;31:26.