Hypothermia

D.Q. Feild et al. / Journal of Electrocardiology 41 (2008) 466–473 16. Jahrsdoerfer M, Giuliano K, Stephens D. Clinical usefulness of the EASI 12-lead continuous electrocardiographic monitoring system. Critical Care Nurse 2005, 25;5:28. 17. Sejersten M, Pahlm O, Clemmensen PM, et al. The relative accuracies of ECG precordial lead waveforms derived from EASI leads and those acquired from paramedic applied standard leads. J Electrocardiol 2003; 36:179. 18. Feldman CL, Milstein SZ, Neubecker D, et al. Comparison of the fiveelectrode–derived EASI electrocardiogram to the Mason-Likar electrocardiogram in the prehospital setting. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:453. 19. Wehr G, Peters R, Khalife K, et al. A vector based 5-electrode 12-lead monitoring ECG (EASI) is equivalent to conventional 12-lead ECG for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. J Electrocardiol 2006;39:22. 20. Gregg RE, Zhou SH, Feild DQ, Lindauer JM, Helfenbein ED. Where do derived precordial leads fail? J Electrocardiol 2008;41:546. 21. Nelwan SP, Crater SW, Green CL, et al. Assessment of derived 12-lead electrocardiograms using general and patient-specific reconstruction

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strategies at rest and during transient myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 2004;31:1529. Horacek BM, Warren JW, Wang JJ. On designing and testing transformations for derivation of standard 12-lead/18-lead electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms from reduced sets of predictor leads. J Electrocardiol 2008:220. Martinez JP, Laguna P, Olmos S, Pahlm O, Petterson J, Sornmo L. Assessment of QT-measurement accuracy using the 12-lead ECG derived from EASI leads. J Electrocardiol 2007;40:172. Pahlm O, Pettersson J, Thulin A, Feldman CL, Feild DQ, Wagner GS. Comparison of waveforms in conventional 12-lead ECGs and those derived from EASI leads in children. J Electrocardiol 2003; 36:25. Liu X, Zhou SH, Chen J, et al. Synthesis of 12-lead ECG from 3 EASI leads: investigation of population-specific transformation coefficients. P.675. In: Hiraoka M, Ogawa S, Kodama I, editors. Electrocardiology 2004. World Scientific Publishing; 2004.

Hypothermia

Patient with marked hypothermia (core temperature, 32°C). Note that the terminal part of the QRS demonstrates large after potentials (Osborn waves). BEES doi:10.1016/j.electrocard.2008.07.004