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IC comparator separates sync pulses
WORLD
ABSTRACTS
ON MICROELECTRONICS
and clinical evaluation of hearing require controlled switching of audio signals. Acoustic stimuli must be presented with minimum switching artifact and distortion. In addition, stimulus repetition rate, delay before onset, duration, and rate of rise and fall must be accurately determined. Various methods including vacuum tubes, transistors, and Hall multipliers (OLsoN and LUDWIG, 1965; KLIO et al.j 1970) have been used to meet these requirements. This paper describes an instrument using commercial integrated circuits, O.C., for the switching, timing and synchronizing elements resulting in a small, simpler, less expensive device. Its performance is generally better than previously achieved.
A gyrator suitable for monolithic, bipolar construction. G. H. ALLEN and E. L. RENSCHLER,PToc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washington,
IC comparator separates sync pulses. R. G. GROOM, EDN, 15 September (1970), p. 53. Separating video sync pulses from a composite signal is simple and easy with only one transistor and an IC comparator. T h e transistor, along with a couple of resistors, and a coupling capacitor, forms a combination clamp and emitter follower. In addition to its versatility, the singlequantity parts cost of all components is approximately $3.00, making it a very economical sync separator.
Preparation and properties of 10-~F/in a t h i n - f i l m capacitors. A. E. FEUERSANGF.Rand M. S. WASSERMAN, Proc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washing-
INTEGRATED
Stress concentration in silicon-lnsulator interfaces. J. H. SEREBRINSKY,Solid-State Electron. 13 (1970), p. 1435. Edges of silicon oxide or nitride diffusion masks produce in the silicon substrate stresses of thermal or intrinsic nature. When the stress field is evaluated in terms of an elastic two-dimensional model, with the proper boundary conditions, stresses attain a maximum value of the order of 10 ° dy/cm 2. The shear component is particularly important. Experiments with mono-
127
An integrated circuit switch for auditory research. Med. ~ biol. Engng. 8 (1970), p. 319. Auditory research
M e a s u r i n g techniques for trimming thick film resistors. D. S. IRON$IDE and P. H. REYNOLDS, Proc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washington, 13-15 May (1970), p. 536. T h e paper provides a study of the measurement and control techniques involved in trimming thick film resistors. T h e requirements for an instrument system are developed, including a number of different circuit approaches and indicating their relative advantages and disadvantages. This section also includes reference to the possibilities of "active" trimming to a desired parameter such as vohage or voltage ratio, as compared with resistance or resistance ratio. Finally, a practical circuit is discussed and some typical results reported.
7. S E M I C O N D U C T O R
RELIABILITY
thin insulating layer, most likely AlsOs, at the AI-NiO interface. The temperature dependence of the dielectric properties is accounted for by considering the NiO film to be a semiconductor. Since the deposition conditions for the capacitors are compatible with integrated circuit processing techniques, the nickel oxide films offer the possibility for a considerable .extension of the range of capacitance values in integrated circuits.
minimizes fixed pattern noise and reduces the complexity of the total system. T h e individual 150 × 300 gm photosensing elements are optimized for maxim u m responsivity, uniformity and dynamic range. T h e doping profile, featuring a 2 gm base depth and 12 gm epitaxial thickness, is based on spectral response and on a detailed electrical analysis of array operation. Output nonuniformity is minimized, and electrical crosstalk is virtually eliminated by designing for hFE>200 and CTc/CTE>5. Array performance correlates well with the predicted characteristics and has led to improved reading speeds greater than fifty words per minute.
ton, 13-15 May (1970), p. 52. Reactively sputtered nickel oxide films with an aluminium base electrode and a gold top electrode have a reproducible specific capacitance of 10-~F/in ~ (1'6 ~tF/cm2) and a dissipation factor at 1 kHz of 0-02 to 0'04. The capacitance is independent of the nickel oxide film thickness, and is attributed to a
AND
13-15 May (1970), p. 277. High quality synthetic inductors, suitable for numerous low power, low frequency applications, are now feasible through the concept of the gyrator and monolithic construction. A circuit compatible for a standard monolithic process has been illustrated, showing design constraints dictated by the process. A d.c. computer analysis has shown the design usable over the full military temperature range, with a resulting T.C. of 50 ppm/°C for the transconductance, g. An a.c. analysis has shown that less than 1° phase error is present at frequeneies to 25 kHz.
ICs pick frequencies for untuned power amplifier. R. BRUBAKER, EDN, 1 October (1970), p. 50. Pushbutton channel selection in the 118-136 MI-tz civil aircraft communications band is now feasible using IC frequency synthesis. Feeding the synthesizer output to a amplifier with wideband response avoid the need for manual tuning adjustment.
CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND MATERIALS chromatic infra-red transmission are reported. They show a marked anomaly in transmittance in the region near the mask edge, where stresses are presumably large. To the first order this anomaly appears to be caused by a piezo-absorption phenomenon. T h e implications of the large stress field for semiconductor device behaviour are analyzed qualitatively, while the limitations of the calculations caused by limitations in the model, are emphasized. These results nevertheless, on balance,
ABSTRACTS
ON MICROELECTRONICS
and clinical evaluation of hearing require controlled switching of audio signals. Acoustic stimuli must be presented with minimum switching artifact and distortion. In addition, stimulus repetition rate, delay before onset, duration, and rate of rise and fall must be accurately determined. Various methods including vacuum tubes, transistors, and Hall multipliers (OLsoN and LUDWIG, 1965; KLIO et al.j 1970) have been used to meet these requirements. This paper describes an instrument using commercial integrated circuits, O.C., for the switching, timing and synchronizing elements resulting in a small, simpler, less expensive device. Its performance is generally better than previously achieved.
A gyrator suitable for monolithic, bipolar construction. G. H. ALLEN and E. L. RENSCHLER,PToc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washington,
IC comparator separates sync pulses. R. G. GROOM, EDN, 15 September (1970), p. 53. Separating video sync pulses from a composite signal is simple and easy with only one transistor and an IC comparator. T h e transistor, along with a couple of resistors, and a coupling capacitor, forms a combination clamp and emitter follower. In addition to its versatility, the singlequantity parts cost of all components is approximately $3.00, making it a very economical sync separator.
Preparation and properties of 10-~F/in a t h i n - f i l m capacitors. A. E. FEUERSANGF.Rand M. S. WASSERMAN, Proc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washing-
INTEGRATED
Stress concentration in silicon-lnsulator interfaces. J. H. SEREBRINSKY,Solid-State Electron. 13 (1970), p. 1435. Edges of silicon oxide or nitride diffusion masks produce in the silicon substrate stresses of thermal or intrinsic nature. When the stress field is evaluated in terms of an elastic two-dimensional model, with the proper boundary conditions, stresses attain a maximum value of the order of 10 ° dy/cm 2. The shear component is particularly important. Experiments with mono-
127
An integrated circuit switch for auditory research. Med. ~ biol. Engng. 8 (1970), p. 319. Auditory research
M e a s u r i n g techniques for trimming thick film resistors. D. S. IRON$IDE and P. H. REYNOLDS, Proc. 1970 20th Electronic Components Conf., Washington, 13-15 May (1970), p. 536. T h e paper provides a study of the measurement and control techniques involved in trimming thick film resistors. T h e requirements for an instrument system are developed, including a number of different circuit approaches and indicating their relative advantages and disadvantages. This section also includes reference to the possibilities of "active" trimming to a desired parameter such as vohage or voltage ratio, as compared with resistance or resistance ratio. Finally, a practical circuit is discussed and some typical results reported.
7. S E M I C O N D U C T O R
RELIABILITY
thin insulating layer, most likely AlsOs, at the AI-NiO interface. The temperature dependence of the dielectric properties is accounted for by considering the NiO film to be a semiconductor. Since the deposition conditions for the capacitors are compatible with integrated circuit processing techniques, the nickel oxide films offer the possibility for a considerable .extension of the range of capacitance values in integrated circuits.
minimizes fixed pattern noise and reduces the complexity of the total system. T h e individual 150 × 300 gm photosensing elements are optimized for maxim u m responsivity, uniformity and dynamic range. T h e doping profile, featuring a 2 gm base depth and 12 gm epitaxial thickness, is based on spectral response and on a detailed electrical analysis of array operation. Output nonuniformity is minimized, and electrical crosstalk is virtually eliminated by designing for hFE>200 and CTc/CTE>5. Array performance correlates well with the predicted characteristics and has led to improved reading speeds greater than fifty words per minute.
ton, 13-15 May (1970), p. 52. Reactively sputtered nickel oxide films with an aluminium base electrode and a gold top electrode have a reproducible specific capacitance of 10-~F/in ~ (1'6 ~tF/cm2) and a dissipation factor at 1 kHz of 0-02 to 0'04. The capacitance is independent of the nickel oxide film thickness, and is attributed to a
AND
13-15 May (1970), p. 277. High quality synthetic inductors, suitable for numerous low power, low frequency applications, are now feasible through the concept of the gyrator and monolithic construction. A circuit compatible for a standard monolithic process has been illustrated, showing design constraints dictated by the process. A d.c. computer analysis has shown the design usable over the full military temperature range, with a resulting T.C. of 50 ppm/°C for the transconductance, g. An a.c. analysis has shown that less than 1° phase error is present at frequeneies to 25 kHz.
ICs pick frequencies for untuned power amplifier. R. BRUBAKER, EDN, 1 October (1970), p. 50. Pushbutton channel selection in the 118-136 MI-tz civil aircraft communications band is now feasible using IC frequency synthesis. Feeding the synthesizer output to a amplifier with wideband response avoid the need for manual tuning adjustment.
CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND MATERIALS chromatic infra-red transmission are reported. They show a marked anomaly in transmittance in the region near the mask edge, where stresses are presumably large. To the first order this anomaly appears to be caused by a piezo-absorption phenomenon. T h e implications of the large stress field for semiconductor device behaviour are analyzed qualitatively, while the limitations of the calculations caused by limitations in the model, are emphasized. These results nevertheless, on balance,