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I.—ENGLAND AND WALES. THE UNIVERSITIES.
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granting certificates of proficiency therein, styled Diplomas in Ophthalmology. The examination is under the supervision of the Board of the Faculty of Medicine, which has power to make regulations as to the subjects of the examination, the time at which the examina. the purpose of
THE
MEDICAL EXAMINING BODIES AND
SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
tion is held, and the conditions of admission. No candidate is admitted to the examination for the diploma who has not ap. p pursued at Oxford a course of study in proved by the Board of the Faculty of Medicine, and extending over a period of at least three months. The fee for admission to the examination is .215, unless the candidate I.—ENGLAND AND is a graduate of the University, in which case it is 10 only. THE UNIVERSITIES. P1ÛJlio Health.-See page 614. T1’avelling hellorvship, Soholarships, and Prizes. A UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Radcliffe Travelling Fellowship is awarded annually after It is tenable for : examination held in February. THERE are two degrees in Medicine, B.l"-. and D.M., an 1 of 200. The annual value is the and of two degrees in Surgery, B. 6%. and M. CA., and two diplomas, three years 4examination is in Physiology, P1lUio Health and Ophthalmology. Pathology, and Hygiene, Graduates in Arts (B.A. or M.A.) are alone eligible forand is partly "practical." Candidates must be graduates the degrees. The most convenient course for the B.A.Jin Medicine of the University. The holder must travel degree for intending graduates in Medicine is to takeabroad for the purpose of medical study. Application Responsions, the Preliminary Science Examinations men-should be made to the Radcliffe Examiners, Radcliffe tioned below, and the Final Honour School of Physiology. Library, University Museum. A Rolleston Memorial Prize is In order to obtain the degrees of B.M. and B.Ch. the follow-iawarded once in two years to members of the Universities ing examinations must be passed :-1. Preliminary subjects:of Oxford and Cambridge of not more than ten years’ standMechanics and Physics, Chemistry, Animal Morphology, anding for an original research in some Biological subject, Botany. 2. Professional. (a) First Examination: Subjects-including Physiology or Pathology. The Radcliffe Prize, Organic Chemistry, unless the candidate has obtained a firstfounded by University College (1907), is of the value of or second class in Chemistry in the Natural Science School ;£ 50 and is awarded biennially for research in some branch Human Physiology, unless he has obtained a first or secondof medical science. The prize will be awarded in 1915. class in Animal Physiology in the Natural Science School ;Candidates must send in their memoirs to the University Human Anatomy. (b) Second Examination : Subjects- Registry on or before Dec. 1st, 1914. The Theodore Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, Pathology, Forensic Medicine Williams Scholarships of the value of E50 each are with Hygiene, Materia Medica and Pharmacology. Theiawarded annually in the subjects of Anatomy, Physiology, approximate dates of the examinations are as follows :-Pre-iand Pathology. The Scholarships in Science which are liminaries-Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry, DecemberIoffered by several Colleges are open to those who intend to and June; Animal Morphology, December and March;pursue Medicine. The value of these scholarships is usually Botany, March and June ; Professional (First and Second£ 80 a year for four years. More detailed information may be obtained from the B.M.), June and December. 2Ac -First -Examination for the degrees of B.M. and B.Ch. University Calendar ; from the Examination Statutes, 1902, may be passed as soon as the Preliminary Scientific Egami-from the Student’s Handbook to the University (all of which nations have been completed. Anatomy and Physiology areare published by the Clarendon Press) ; from the Regius to be passed together, and Organic Chemistry may be taken Professor of Medicine ; and from the Professors in the iseveral departments of medical science. before or after these have been passed. Professors Tlte Second Examination may be passed after the comBotany (Sherard) : S. H. Vines, M,A. pletion of the first, but Pathology, Hygiene, and Materia Chemistry (Waynflete): W. H. Perkin, D.Sc. Comparative Medica and Pharmacology may be taken before or with Anatomy (Linacre) : G. C. Bourne, D.Sc. Human Anatomy: the remaining subjects. Before admission to the Second A. Thomson, M.A. Lecturer in Applied Anatomy: A. P. Medicine (Regius): Sir W. Osler, Examination candidates must present certificates of attend- Dodds-Parker, B.M. Litchfield Lecturer: Wm. Collier, M.D. ance on a course of laboratory instruction in Practical Bart., D. M. Pathology and Bacteriology and of having acted as post- Surgery, Litchfield Lecturer: A. P. Dodds-Parker, B.M. mortem clerk for three months, surgical dresser for six Natural Philosophy (Sedleian): A. E. H. Love, D.Sc. months, and clinical clerk for six months. Also they must Physics (Wykeham) : J. S. E. Townsend, M.A. Physiology produce certificates of instruction in Infectious and MentalI(Waynflete) : C. S. Sherrington, M.D. Zoology: E. B. Diseases, and of attendance on Labours, of proficiency in Poulton, D.Sc. Pathology: G. Dreyer, M.D. Lecturer: the practice of Vaccination and Anaesthetics, and of having E. W. A. Walker, D. M. Pharmacology (Reader): James attended a course of Practical Pharmacology. Also in Gunn, M.D. In addition to the University lectures and classes the respect of the First Examination candidates must present certificates showing that they have dissected the whole several Colleges provide their undergraduates with tuition body once and have attended courses of laboratory instruc- for all examinations up to the B.A. degree. In the Radcliffe Infirmary and County Hospital clinical tion in Practical Histology and Practical Physiology. The degree of .IJ.M. is granted to Bachelors of Medicine of instruction is given by the Regius Professor of Medicine, the the University provided they have entered their thirty-ninth Litchfield Lecturers in Medicine and Surgery, and the other term and have composed on some medical subject a disserta- physicians and surgeons. Instruction is also given in posttion which is approved by the professors in the Faculty of mortem work and Clinical Pathology in connexion with the Medicine and examiners for the degree of B. M. whose courses in Pathology. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD : RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY AND subject is dealt with. A book published within two years of the candidate’s application for the degree may be substituted COUNTY HOSPITAL.-Courses of instruction are given in The Regius Professor may direct the connexion with the Oxford University Medical School. These for a dissertation. dissertation to be read in public. The degree of M. Ch. is include (1) a course in Practical Medicine by the Regius Progranted to Bachelors of Surgery of the University who have fessor of Medicine ; (2) Clinical lectures by the Litchfield Lecentered their twenty-seventh term, who are members of the turers in Medicine and Surgery; and (3) tutorial instruction surgical staff of a recognised hospital, or have acted as and demonstrations in special Regional Anatomy (medical Dresser or House Surgeon in such a hospital for six months, and surgical), methods of Medical and Surgical Diagnosis, and who have passed the M.Ch. examination in Surgery, and Surgical Manipulation. (4) Pathological demonstrations Surgical Anatomy, and Surgical Operations. This examina- and instruction in post-mortem work are given by the Assistant tion is held annually, in June, at the end of the Second Pathologist. Practical Pharmacy is taught in the Radcliffe DisB.M. Examination. Opportunities are offered to students who wish to pensary. Diploma in Opldhalmologlf.-There is an examination once act as surgical dressers and clerks. The Hospital contaiBs in each year in the Theory and Practice of Ophthalmology for 170 beds. Honorary Physician : Dr. E. B. Gray. Honorary Surgeon : Mr. A. Winkfield. Active Consulting Physician: 1Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.—Information on these subjects Professor Sir William Osler, Bart. Acting Staff :-Honorary given on p. 614 under the section on Public Health.
A GUIDE TO THE FACILITIES FOR OBTAINING THE VARIOUS MEDICAL DEGREES AND OTHER QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE IN THE BRITISH ISLANDS.1
Ophthalmology
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Tyrrell Brooks, Dr. W. Collier, and Honorary Assistant Physician and Medical Registrar : Dr. A. Waters. Electro-Therapeutic Physician: Dr. W. J. Turrell. Honorary Surgeons : Mr. Horatio P. Symonds, Mr. R. H. A. Whitelocke, and Mr. A. P. Dodds-Parker. Honorary Assistant Surgeon and Surgical Registrar: Mr. E. C. Bevers. Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon : Mr. P. E. H. Adams. Honorary Consulting Pathologist: Professor Georges Dreyer. Honorary Assistant Pathologist: Dr. W. Mallam.
Physicians: Dr.
E.
Consulting Dental Surgeon: Mr. E. A. Bevers. Honorary Radiographer: Mr. R. H. Sankey. House Physician: Dr. T. 0. Thompson. House Surgeon: Mr. D. McDonald. Casualty House Surgeon : Mr. E. H. Udall. Dr. A. G. Gibson.
degree of Master of Sitrgery (M. C.) the candidate passed all the examinations for B.C., or, if he s an M.A., have obtained some other registrable qualificaion in surgery. He is required either (1) to pass an ixamination in Principles and Practice of Surgery, Surgical Anatomy and Surgical Operations, and Pathology, md to write an extempore essay on a Surgical Subject; or (2) io submit to the Medical Board original contributions to the Ldvancement of the Science or Art of Surgery. Before he For the
oust have
be admitted to the examination two years at least nust have elapsed from the time when he completed all required for the degree of B.C. Before submitting original contributions he must have been qualified at least three :an
years. An abstract of the Regulations and Schedules of the range of the examinations in Chemistry, Physics, Biology, PharmaI cology, and General Pathology may be obtained upon sending a stamped directed envelope to the Registrary, the Registry, Cambridge. The Professors, Readers, and Lecturers in the various Examination in Classics, Mathematics, &c., which may, and should if possible, be done before he comes into residence in subjects are as follows. Professors-Anatomy : A. Macalister, Botany: October, or he may obtain exemption through the Oxford M.D. Biology (Quick) : G. H. F. Nuttall, Se.D. and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, the Oxford A. C. Seward, M.A. Chemistry : W. J. Pope, M.A. Natural Philosophy (Jacksonian): Sir James Dewar, M.A. Pathology: or Cambridge Senior Local Examinations, the London Matriculation Examination, the Scotch Education Depart- G. Sims Woodhead, M.A. Physic (Regius): Sir T. Clifford ment, Responsions at Oxford, and the Joint Matriculation Allbutt, M.D. Physiology: J. N. Langley, Sc.D. Surgery : Therapeutics (Downing Professor Board of the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, F. H. Marsh, Sc.D. Zoology, &c. : and Sheffield, or by being graduates of other Universities in of Medicine): J. B. Bradbury, M.D. Readers-Botany : F. F. He may then devote himself to J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. the United Kingdom. medical study in the University, attending the hospital and Blackman, M.A. Chemical Physiology: F. G. Hopkins, M.A. Or he may, as nearly Zoology : A. E. Shipley, Se.D. Lecturers-Bacteriology: the medical lectures, dissecting, &c. G. S. Graham-Smith, M.D., and Louis Cobbett, M.D. Botany: students now to take a degree in Arts, all do, proceed either (1) by passing either (a) the General Examination and A. G. Tansley, M.A. Chemistry: W. J. Sell, Sc.D., and H. J. H. Fenton, Se.D. Organic Chemistry: S. Ruhemann,, one Special Examination, or (b) two Special Examinations for the ordinary B.A. degree, or going out in one of the M.A. Chemistry and Physics as Applied to Hygiene : J. E. The Natural Sciences Tripos is taken Purves, M.A. Advanced Morphology of Vertebrates : H. Honour Triposes. most frequently, as some of the subjects are practically the Gadow, M.A. Advanced Morphology of Invertebrates : A. E. same as those for the first and second M. B. Shipley, Se.D. Pathology (Huddersfield) : T. S. P. StrangeFor the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.) five years ways, M.A. Physics: G. F. C. Searle, Se.D., and C. T. R. of medical study are required. This time may be spent in Wilson, M.A. Pharmacology :W. E. Dixon, M.A. Advanced, Cambridge or at one of the recognised Schools of Medicine. Physiology: W. H. Gaskell, M.D., and L. E. Shore, M.D. The first three or four years are usually spent in Cam- Physiology: H. K. Anderson, M.D. Physiological and W. H. R. M.A. Medical Rivers, the student in the till he Experimental Psychology: bridge, remaining University has passed, say, the examination for the Natural Sciences Jurisprudence : B. Anningson, M.D. Medicine: L. Humphry,. Tripos and the first and second examinations for M.B. Hos- M.D. Physiological Anthropology : W. L. H. Duckworth, pital practice and many of the requisite lectures may be M.D., Sc.D. attended in Cambridge, and a certain number of students University Prize in Medicine.-There is only one University remain to attend lectures and hospital practice until they Prize in Medicine. The Raymond Horton Smith Prize (value have passed the second part of the second examination for P,19) is awarded to that candidate for the degree of M.D. who M.B. The laboratories for Pathology, Bacteriology, and presents the best thesis for the degree during the academical taken honours in a tripos Pharmacology are well equipped. Addenbrooke’s Hospital year, provided that he has are endowed by the numerous examination. Medical Studies makes provision for the necessary clinical training. There are three examinations for M. B. The first includes Natural Science scholarships at the various colleges, about which can be obtained from the respective Chemistry and other branches of Physics and Elementary information Tutors. be taken or together separately. Biology. These parts may The second is divided into two parts-viz., (1) Human Anatomy ADDENBROOKE’S HOSPITAL.-Clinical Lectures in Medicine and Physiology ; and (2) Pharmacology and General Pathoand Surgery, in connexion with Cambridge University third is into The also divided two logy. parts: (1) Medical School, are given at this hospital twice a week Principles and Practice of Surgery (including Special Pathothe academical year; and practical instruction in and during and and Diseases to Peculiar logy Midwifery Women); and Surgery is given in the wards and out-patients’ (2) Principles and Practice of Physic (including Diseases of Medicine Children, Mental Diseases, Medical Jurisprudence), Pathology rooms by the physicians and surgeons daily during the time and vacations. The fee for pupilship is 3 guineas (including Hygiene and Preventive Medicine), and Pharmaco- term : Professor Sir Clifford Allbutt, Professor logy (including Therapeutics and Toxicology). The examina- a term. Physicians tions are partly in writing, partly oral, and partly practical, Bradbury, and Dr. L. Humphry. Assistant Physicians : Dr. in the hospital, in the dissecting room, and in the labora- E. Lloyd Jones and Dr. J. Aldren Wright. Surgeons: Protories. An Act has then to be kept in the Public Schools, fessor F. Howard Marsh, Mr. G. E. Wherry, Mr. F. Deighton, by the candidate reading an original dissertation composed and Dr. Griffiths. Assistant Surgeon : Mr. Arthur Cooke. by himself on some subject approved by the Regius Professor All communications by students should be made to Dr. J. Aldren Wright. of Physic. Candidates who have passed both parts of the third M.B. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. examination are admitted to the registrable degree of Bachelor of 5’icrgery (B. C.) without separate examination The University of London was established by Royal and without keeping an Act. Charter in 1836 as an examining and degree conferring The degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) may be takenL body with affiliated colleges but no direct teaching functhree years after that of M.B. or four years after that oitions. In 1900 it was reconstituted under the Act of Parliament M.A. An Act has to be kept, consisting of an original Thesii9 1898 and became a teaching as well as an examining body. sustained in the Public Schools with viviz voce examination ; Many schools already existing became constituent colleges, and a short extempore essay has to be written on a topi(including all the metropolitan medical schools. Teachers taken from the general subject of his thesis, whether it blwere also appointed in special subjects to give lectures at the question of the centralisation of preliminary Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, the Practice of University. The has for some years occupied the very serious scientific studies Medicine, State Medicine, or the History of Medicine.
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. The student must enter at one of the Colleges, or as a non-collegiate student, and keep nine terms (three years) by residence in the University. He must pass the Previous
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542 attention of the University and its constituent schools, but day be a Monday, or if not, on the Monday next preceding has only partially been carried into effect at present. The the 15th), on the second Monday in January, and on the whole subject of medical education in London has lately second Monday in June (or July, as may be hereafter been under consideration, and far-reaching changes were determined). The examinations in January and June (or proposed in the Report of the Royal Commission on University July), but not that in September, may be held not only Education in London which was issued last year. The at the University of London, but also, under special arrangeCommissioners’ proposals have provoked considerable dis- ment, in other parts of the United Kingdom or in the cussion among those who hold divergent views on the Colonies. (Neither Botany nor Drawing can be chosen for University problem in London, but it cannot be said that subjects in the Colonies.) It is noteworthy that the during the past 12 months the problem has come much September examination affords an opportunity for prospective nearer to a solution. medical students who may have failed at the midsummer exaThe medical degrees awarded by the University are those mination to pass the Matriculation in time to enter upon their of M.D., M.S., and M.B., B.S., the two latter being now medical course in October. Students who pass the January given together as a graduating degree, whereas formerly the Matriculation are able to enter for the First Examination for M.B. alone was a qualifying degree and the B.S. was taken Medical Degrees in the following July under certain condioptionally as a separate examination. The medical degrees tions in the case of internal students. Every candidate must, of the University of London are granted to both internal and on or before August 20th for the September examination, on external students, the former being students of the con- or before Nov. 25th for the January examination, and on or stituent schools and colleges of the University. before April 25th for the June (or July) examination, apply Teaohin.’l Sta.1!.-The teaching staff of the University is by postcard to the Principal for a form of entry, of which organised under two heads: 1. Appointed teachers-i.e., the first in order must be returned 14 days before the comsuch as are appointed by, and are paid out of the funds of, the mencement of the September examination, the second on or University. 2. Recognised teachers-i.e., those who have before Dec. 1st, and the third on or before May lst, accombeen appointed and are paid by the several schools of the panied in the same cover by a certificate showing that University and other institutions at which instruction the candidate has completed his sixteenth year, and by is given under the auspices of the University, and who have his fee for the examination. A certificate from the been recognised by the Senate as conducting work of Registrar-General in London or from the superintendent University standard. Courses by non-recognised teachers registrar of the district, or a certified copy of the baptismal may also be approved in schools of the University. Thus in register, or a declaration of the candidate’s age, made before the Faculty of Medicine there are at present nine appointed a magistrate by his parent or guardian, or by the candidate teachers, and there are 405 recognised teachers belonging to if of full age, will be accepted. As candidates cannot be the various metropolitan medical schools. There are 235 admitted after the list is closed, any candidate who may recognised teachers in the Faculty of Science. The lecturers not have re 3eived a form of entry within a week after in the Medical Sciences and the professors in the Faculties of applying for it should communicate immediately with the Medicine in University College, London, and King’s College, Principal, stating the exact date of his application and London, will be found enumerated under their respective the place where it was posted. Every candidate must medical schools. pay a fee of £2. If he withdraws his name before the Internal and External Students.-Matriculated students of last day of entry it shall be returned to him. If he fails the University may be either internal or external. Internal to present himself he shall be allowed to enter for a subsestudents of the University are students who have matricu- quent Matriculation within eight months on payment of lated at the University and who are pursuing a course £1. If he retires after the commencement of the exa. of study approved by the University, either (a) under the mination or fails to pass it the full fee of £2shall direct control of the University or a committee appointed be payable on every re-entry. Candidates must show a thereby;or (b) under one or more of the appointed or competent knowledge of each of the following five subjects, recognised teachers of the University. Centres for pre- according to the details specified : 1. English-Composiliminary and intermediate medical studies have been estab- tion, Precis-writing, salient facts in English History lished by the University at University and King’s Colleges. and Geography. A subject for an essay, to be chosen by Internal students must pursue their studies at one of the candidates, to test power of expression, thought, and arrangeabove centres, or at one of the medical schools connected ment and general knowledge. 2. Elementary Mathematics with the University. These are University College Hospital, -Arithmetic, Algebra (including quadratic equations and Hospital, the graphs of simple functions), and the subjects of Euclid (Books King’s College Hospital, St. London Hospital, Guy’s St. Thomas’s Hospital, I. to IV). 3. Latin, or Elementary Mechanics, or Elementary St. George’s Hospital, the Middlesex Hospital, St. Mary’s Physics (Heat, Light, and Sound), or Elementary Chemistry, Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, Westminster Hospital, or Elementary Botany. 4 and 5. Two of the following and the London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine subjects, neither of which has been taken under Section 3 (if for Women. The London School of Tropical Medicine and Latin be not taken, one of the other subjects must be another the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine are also recognised language from the list): Latin, Greek, French, German, as schools’of the University in special departments. External Ancient History, Modern History, Logic, Physical and General students are all other matriculated students, and may pursue Geography, Geometrical and Mechanical Drawing, Mathetheir studies at other universities and medical schools, pre- matics (more advanced), Elementary Mechanics, Elementary senting themselves for examination at the, University of Chemistry, Elementary Physics (Heat, Light, and Sound), London. Elementary Physics (Electricity and Magnetism), and The Matriculation Examination.-Students before being Botany. One of the subjects may be some other language admitted to the University must either (1) have passed the than Latin, Greek, French, and German, subject to the Matriculation or the School Examination (Matriculation or approval of the Matriculation Board, provided that six Higher Standard), or (2) have been exempted therefrom months’ notice is given before the beginning of the Matriculaunder Statute 116 of the University which recognises certain tion examination for which they enter and an additional other examinations in its lieu. Such exemption is granted fee paid. Additional subjects, of which, however, candidates to graduates of British and certain Colonial Universities, and must give notice two months previous to the examination, under certain conditions to matriculated students of Colonial are : Arabic, Sanskrit, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Hebrew, Universities and the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Chinese, Modern Dutch, and Zoology. Provincial Examinations for Matrculation.-These exaLeeds, and Sheffield, to holders of the senior local certificates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the higher minations are appointed by the Senate from time to time certificate and the school certificate of the Oxford and upon the application of any city, institution, or college Cambridge Schools Examination Board, the Scotch school- desiring to be named as a local centre for one or more exaleaving certificate, the senior grade certificate of the Inter- minations, and are carried on simultaneously with the examediate Examination Board for Ireland, the matriculation minations in London under the supervision of sub-examiners certificate of the Joint Board of the Northern Universities, and also appointed by the Senate. Candidates wishing to be to students who have passed their previous examination at examined at any provincial centre must give notice upon Cambridge. These exemptions allow of a wide choice of their forms of entry to the Principal of the University, who examinations to students who intend to take the University will then make all necessary arrangements. Besides the The examinations for matriculation take place University fee, a fee usually varying from £1to Z3is course. three times in each year-namely, on Sept. 15th (if that charged by the local authorities and must be paid at the
Bartholomew’s
Hospital,
543 local centre immediately before the commencement of the several examinations. Faculty of Medicine.-The Faculty of Medicine grants the joint degrees of M.B., B.S. (Bachelor of Medieine and Surgery), and the higher separate degrees of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) and M.S. (Master of S’u,rgery). It is noteworthy that the curriculum for the medical degrees is now five and a half years from the time of students case of matriculation, except in the who have passed the Preliminary Scientific Examination or the First Examination for Medical Degrees before July, 1910, and that the examinations formerly known as the Preliminary Scientific, the Intermediate, and the Final Examination in Medicine are now respectively entitled the First, Second, and Third Examinations for Medical Degrees. Part II. of the former Preliminary Scientific Examination has now been made Part I. of the Second Examination. A. Internal Students.-In order to be admitted to the Bachelor’s degrees a student must normally, after registration as an internal student, have : (1) Attended prescribed courses of study for five and a half years in one or more schools of the University. (2) Passed the following examinations, under the conditions mentioned below: (a) The First Examination for Medical Degrees in Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, and General Biology; (b) the Second Exa- I mination for Medical Degrees : Part I., Organic and Applied Chemistry; Part II., Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, including Pharmacy and Materia Medica; (e) the Third Examination for Medical Degrees, or M.B., B. S. Examination in Medicine, including Therapeutics and Mental Diseases, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women, Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Hygiene. B. External Students.-To be admitted to the Bachelor’s degrees an external student must (1) have passed the Matriculation examination or have been exempted therefrom under Statute 116 not less than five and a half years previously ; (2) have passed subsequent examinations similar to those required of an internal student ; and (3) have been engaged in professional studies during the five and a half years subsequently to Matriculation and four and a half years subsequently to passing the First Examination for Professional Degrees at one or more of the medical institutions or schools recognised by this University for the purpose, one year at least of the four and a half years to have been spent in one or more of the recognised institutions or schools in the United Kingdom. Ilte First Examination tor Medical Degrees (Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, and General Bioloqy will take place twice in each year, commencing on the Monday following Dec. 10th and on the second Monday in July. It must as a rule be passed by internal students not less than one academic year after matriculation and by external students not less than nine months after matriculation. Candidates, however, who have passed or been admitted under Statute 116 as exempt from matriculation in the preceding January will be admtted to the first examination for medical degrees in July as external students, or as internal students if they have attended the prescribed course of study throughout the session and obtained the consent of the authorities of their school or institution. Every candidate must apply (internal students to the academic registrar and external students to the external registrar) for a Form of Entry on or before Nov. lst or May 24th, which must be returned, accompanied by the proper fee, not later than Nov. 8th for the December examination or June lst for the July examination. The fee is .65for each entry to the whole examination, provided that all the subjects are taken at one time. When less than the whole examination is taken at one time it is S2for each subject. The examination will include two papers in each of the three subjects, three hours being allowed for each paper. Three hours each will be devoted to practical examinations in Inorganic Chemistry and Physics and six hours to a practical examination in General Biology. Candidates must, at their first entry, present themselves in all three subjects. Candidates failing in one subject only may, with permission, present themselves for re-examination in that subject on payment of the proper fee. The Second Examination for Medical Degrees (Part I.) : Organic Chemistry.-This examination will take place twicee ’ in each year, commencing on the Thursdays following the third Monday in March and the second Monday in July. No candidate will be admitted to this examination within six .
months of having passed the First Examination. Every candidate must apply on or before Feb. 8th or May 24th for a form of entry, which must be returned not later than Feb. 15th for the March examination or June lst for the July examination. The fee is Z2for the first and every subsequent entry. The examination will consist of a paper and practical work, and may include oral questions in Organic Chemistry, which is "to be treated in an elementary manner, and with special regard to its applications in physiology, pharmacology, and pathology." The S’econd Examination for Medical Degrees (Part IL) takes place twice in every year, commencing on the third Monday in March and on the first Monday in July. The subjects of the examination are Human Anatomy and Embryology, Physiology, and Pharmacology, including Pharmacy and Materia Medica. No candidate shall be admitted to the examination unless he has passed the First Examination for Medical Degrees at least 18 months previously, and has passed Part I. of the Second Examination Internal students must have comfor Medical Degrees. pleted the courses of study prescribed for them by the University, and external students must produce certificates of having subsequently to having passed the First Examination for Medical Degrees been students during one and a half academic years at one or more of the medical
institutions or schools recognised by the University and of having attended (1) a course of not less than 100 lectures and demonstrations on Human Anatomy; (2) a course of Dissections for not less than 12 months; (3) a course of not less than 60 lectures on Physiology ; (4) adequate courses of Experimental Physiology, Histology, and Physiological Chemistry; (5) adequate courses of lectures and demonstrations on Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Materia Medica; and (6) Practical Pharmacy for not less than two months. These certificates must be transmitted to the Registrar at least not later than Feb. 15th or June 1st for the March and July examinations respectively, applications for forms of entry having been made by Feb. lst or May 17th. The fee for each entry to the whole examination is £8. For re-examination in one subject it is £4. M.B., B.S. Examination.-The M.B., B.S. examination takes place twice in each year, commencing on the fourth Monday in October and on the first Monday in May. No candidate except those who pass the Preliminary Science or First Examination for Medical Degrees before July will be admitted to this examination within three academic years from the date of passing in Anatomy and Physiology at the Second Examination (Part II.), nor unless he has completed that examination together with prescribed courses of study or practice summarised below. (1) Principles and Practice of Medicine ; (2) Clinical Methods and Physical Diagnosis ; (3) Insanity (with clinical demonstrations at a
recognised Asylum) ; (4) herapeutics ; (5) Vaccination ; (6) Principles and Practice of Surgery ; (7) Operative Surgery. Surgical Anatomy, Practical Surgery, and the Administration of Ansesthetics ; (8) Diseases of the Eye, Ear, and Throat ; (9) Lectures and Demonstrations on Midwifery and Diseases of Women; (10) Practical Midwifery, the conduct of at least 20 Labours, and practice as a Clinical clerk in Gynaecological work ; (11) Pathology and Bacteriology ; X12) work of the Post-mortem room; (13) Forensic Medicine ; and (14) Hygiene. He must also have attended the Medical and Surgical practice of a recognised hospital for two years and a course of instruction at a recognised Fever Hospital for two months. He must have had clinical instruction and must have held the posts of medical clinical clerk and surgical dresser for periods of six months each. For internal students the above form the subjects of the last two and a half years of study as prescribed by the University. Forms of entry for the examination must be applied for on or before Sept. 21st or March 24th and returned with certificates of having undertaken the above-mentioned courses of study by Sept. 28th or April lst respectively. Candidates will be examined in Medicine (including Therapeutics and Mental Diseases), Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Hygiene, Surgery, Midwifery, and Diseases of Women. The subjects may be divided into two groups-namely : (1) Medicine, Pathology, Forensic Medicine, and Hygiene ; and (2) Surgery, Midwifery, and Diseases of Women. These groups may be taken either separately or together. The fee is Z10 for each entry to the whole examination and f.5for examination or re-examination in either group. There will be no separate examination held l 2
544 for Honours, but the list of candidates who have passed will be published in tW0 parts-namely, an Honours list and a Pass list. Bachelors of Medicine of this University who graduated in or before May, 1904, may obtain the B.S. degree by passing the Surgical part of the M.B., B.S. examination. Doctur of -4fediciibe.-The examination for this degree takes place twice in each year, commencing on the first Monday in December and on the first Monday in July. Candidates must have taken the degrees of M.B., B.S. not less than two years previously, but for those who have taken the M.B , B.S. degrees with honours or have done certain original work, or have had such exceptional experience in the branch in which they present themselves as may be approved by the University, this period of delay may be reduced to one year. Those who have obtained their M.B. degrees in or before May, 1904, will not be required to hold the degree of B.S. before seeking the doctorate. Candidates may present themselves for examination in one of the following branches, namely : (1) Medicine ; (2) Pathology ; (3) Mental Diseases ; (4) Midwifery and Diseases of Women ; (5) State Medicine ; and (6) Tropical Medicine. In most branches a six
MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.1 ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL AND COLLEGE.-The clinical practice of the hospital is large. The hospital contains 757 beds, of which 687 are for patients in the hospital at Smithfield and 70 for convalescent patients at
Swanley.
This hospital receives within its walls over 8000 inpatients annually and its out-patients and casualties amount to more than 78,000 annually. Special departments have been organised for Diseases of Women and Children, the Eye, Ear, Larynx, and Skin, as well as for Orthopædic and Dental Surgery in which Chief Assistants and Clinical Assistants are appointed annually. There are Electrical and X Ray Departments. Surgical operations take place every day at 1.30 P.m. and Surgical Consultations are held on Thursdays at the same hour. Medical Consultations are held on Thursdays at months’ appointment at an approved hospital, subsequently 3.15 P. M. The physicians and surgeons deliver clinical Certain conditions have lectures weekly during both the winter and the summer to qualification, is necessary. to be fulfilled in each case, varying according to the sessions. Clinical Lectures on all special subjects are also Candidates who have given. The visits of the physicians and surgeons are made nature of the branch in question. or themselves for the M.D. examination at 1.30. passed presented Ten house physicians and ten house surgeons are for in one branch may present themselves examination in During their first six months another branch at a subsequent examination. Any candidate appointed annually. for the degree of M. D. may transmit to the Registrar, not of office they act as "junior"house physicians and a year. less than two months before the commencement of the exa- house surgeons and receive a salary of ;&25 their six months become "senior" second or a thesis work During they mination, published having definite relation to the branch of Medicine in which he is a candidate, and house physicians and house surgeons and are provided if the thesis be approved by the examiners the candidate with rooms by the hospital authorities and receive E80 A resident midwifery assistant, an may be exempted from the written examination in that a year as salary. house and a house surgeon for diseases The fee is and for re-examination .f.10. surgeon, ophthalmic £20, subject. In Branches I. and IV. candidates (other than those of the throat, nose, and ear are appointed every six months, who present a thesis) for the July examination must and are provided with rooms and receive a salary of <&80 a apply to the Academic or External Registrar for forms year. Three resident aneasthetists are appointed annually, and of entry on or before May 20th, which must be receive salaries of <&bgr;120, £100, and £100 respectively, with returned not later than June lst, and candidates (other rooms. An extern midwifery assistant is appointed every three than those who present a thesis) for the December months, and receives a salary of £80 a year. The clinical examination must apply for forms of entry on or before clerks, the obstetric clerks, the clerks to the medical outOct. 20th, which must be returned not later than patients, the dressers to the surgical in-patients and to the Nov. lst. The corresponding dates for application for, and out-patients, and the dressers in the special departments All the appointments return of, forms of entry for candidates in Branches II., are chosen from the students. III., V., and VI., and candidates in other branches who are now free. A residential college is attached to the present a thesis, are April 20th and May 1st for the July hospital. New Buildings.-The new buildings comprise residential examination ; and Sept. 20th and Oct. 1st for the December examination. Forms of entry must be returned duly filled quarters for the resident staff, new casualty, medical, and special out - patient departments, new up, accompanied by the proper fee, and by the certificates surgical, wards, for the branch casualty dispensary, and clinical lecture theatie. concerned. required Master in Surgery.-The examination for the degree of A new chemical laboratory has been added to the Master in Surgery takes place twice in each year and com- Medical School, and a laboratory devoted to instruction in Public Health. A second new block is devoted mences on the first Monday in December and on the first to Pathology, and contains the post-mortem room Monday in July. Candidates must produce certificates of as well as extensive laboratories for bacteriology, taken the not less than of M.B. and B.S. having degrees two years previously (with certain exemptions, as in the clinical pathology, pathological histology, and pathological examination for the M.D.). They may present themselves chemistry. The Medical School Buildings include three large lecture for examination either in Branch I., Surgery, including a large dissecting room, a spacious library (contheatres, and a Clinical examination, Surgical Pathology Anatomy, 13, 000 volumes), a well-appointed museum of anatomy, taining on the and operations dead body; or in Branch II., Dental comparative anatomy, materia medica, botany, Surgery, including Oral Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, and physiology, and The pathological museum is pathological a Therapeutics, and practical examination in Bacteriology. ’, the most completeanatomy. in the There are laboratories kingdom. Candidates must have held for at least six months a Surgical for chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, physics, public a Dental or resident or non(Branch II.) (Branch I.) resident hospital appointment approved by the University, ’, health, and biology, giving ample accommodation in every subsequently to having obtained a registrable qualification department. Special Classes for the Primary and Final F. R. C. S. are held to practise medicine. Any candidate for the degree of M. S. twice yearly. not later than the months transmit to two Registrar, may instruction in Preliminary Science is given to University before the commencement of the examination, a thesis.or of London students in chemistry, biology, and physics relation to work definite published Surgery (Branch I.), having throughout the year. or Dental Surgery (Branch II.), and if the thesis be approved be the from Laboratory Instruction for the D. P. H. is provided during examiners the candidate the may by exempted written examination. The fee is .620, and for re-examination the winter and summer sessions, and elementary instruction in Bacteriology is also given throughout the year. mo. Full details of the prescribed curricula of study, with the The recreation ground of 10 acres is at Winchmore syllabus for each examination and of certain exemptions Hill for the use of the members of the Students’ which the Senate has power to grant in respect to certain Union, which all students are expected to join. The examinations and the courses of study presented for them, Students’ Union contains a large reading and smoking and the names of the recognised Internal and External room, a committee and writing room, luncheon and Schools of the University, can be obtained free on application dining hall, and a miniature rifle range. to the Academic Registrar, University of London, South 1 For Ancillary Metropolitan Medical Schools see p. 571. Kensington, S. W.
li
granting certificates of proficiency therein, styled Diplomas in Ophthalmology. The examination is under the supervision of the Board of the Faculty of Medicine, which has power to make regulations as to the subjects of the examination, the time at which the examina. the purpose of
THE
MEDICAL EXAMINING BODIES AND
SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
tion is held, and the conditions of admission. No candidate is admitted to the examination for the diploma who has not ap. p pursued at Oxford a course of study in proved by the Board of the Faculty of Medicine, and extending over a period of at least three months. The fee for admission to the examination is .215, unless the candidate I.—ENGLAND AND is a graduate of the University, in which case it is 10 only. THE UNIVERSITIES. P1ÛJlio Health.-See page 614. T1’avelling hellorvship, Soholarships, and Prizes. A UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Radcliffe Travelling Fellowship is awarded annually after It is tenable for : examination held in February. THERE are two degrees in Medicine, B.l"-. and D.M., an 1 of 200. The annual value is the and of two degrees in Surgery, B. 6%. and M. CA., and two diplomas, three years 4examination is in Physiology, P1lUio Health and Ophthalmology. Pathology, and Hygiene, Graduates in Arts (B.A. or M.A.) are alone eligible forand is partly "practical." Candidates must be graduates the degrees. The most convenient course for the B.A.Jin Medicine of the University. The holder must travel degree for intending graduates in Medicine is to takeabroad for the purpose of medical study. Application Responsions, the Preliminary Science Examinations men-should be made to the Radcliffe Examiners, Radcliffe tioned below, and the Final Honour School of Physiology. Library, University Museum. A Rolleston Memorial Prize is In order to obtain the degrees of B.M. and B.Ch. the follow-iawarded once in two years to members of the Universities ing examinations must be passed :-1. Preliminary subjects:of Oxford and Cambridge of not more than ten years’ standMechanics and Physics, Chemistry, Animal Morphology, anding for an original research in some Biological subject, Botany. 2. Professional. (a) First Examination: Subjects-including Physiology or Pathology. The Radcliffe Prize, Organic Chemistry, unless the candidate has obtained a firstfounded by University College (1907), is of the value of or second class in Chemistry in the Natural Science School ;£ 50 and is awarded biennially for research in some branch Human Physiology, unless he has obtained a first or secondof medical science. The prize will be awarded in 1915. class in Animal Physiology in the Natural Science School ;Candidates must send in their memoirs to the University Human Anatomy. (b) Second Examination : Subjects- Registry on or before Dec. 1st, 1914. The Theodore Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, Pathology, Forensic Medicine Williams Scholarships of the value of E50 each are with Hygiene, Materia Medica and Pharmacology. Theiawarded annually in the subjects of Anatomy, Physiology, approximate dates of the examinations are as follows :-Pre-iand Pathology. The Scholarships in Science which are liminaries-Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry, DecemberIoffered by several Colleges are open to those who intend to and June; Animal Morphology, December and March;pursue Medicine. The value of these scholarships is usually Botany, March and June ; Professional (First and Second£ 80 a year for four years. More detailed information may be obtained from the B.M.), June and December. 2Ac -First -Examination for the degrees of B.M. and B.Ch. University Calendar ; from the Examination Statutes, 1902, may be passed as soon as the Preliminary Scientific Egami-from the Student’s Handbook to the University (all of which nations have been completed. Anatomy and Physiology areare published by the Clarendon Press) ; from the Regius to be passed together, and Organic Chemistry may be taken Professor of Medicine ; and from the Professors in the iseveral departments of medical science. before or after these have been passed. Professors Tlte Second Examination may be passed after the comBotany (Sherard) : S. H. Vines, M,A. pletion of the first, but Pathology, Hygiene, and Materia Chemistry (Waynflete): W. H. Perkin, D.Sc. Comparative Medica and Pharmacology may be taken before or with Anatomy (Linacre) : G. C. Bourne, D.Sc. Human Anatomy: the remaining subjects. Before admission to the Second A. Thomson, M.A. Lecturer in Applied Anatomy: A. P. Medicine (Regius): Sir W. Osler, Examination candidates must present certificates of attend- Dodds-Parker, B.M. Litchfield Lecturer: Wm. Collier, M.D. ance on a course of laboratory instruction in Practical Bart., D. M. Pathology and Bacteriology and of having acted as post- Surgery, Litchfield Lecturer: A. P. Dodds-Parker, B.M. mortem clerk for three months, surgical dresser for six Natural Philosophy (Sedleian): A. E. H. Love, D.Sc. months, and clinical clerk for six months. Also they must Physics (Wykeham) : J. S. E. Townsend, M.A. Physiology produce certificates of instruction in Infectious and MentalI(Waynflete) : C. S. Sherrington, M.D. Zoology: E. B. Diseases, and of attendance on Labours, of proficiency in Poulton, D.Sc. Pathology: G. Dreyer, M.D. Lecturer: the practice of Vaccination and Anaesthetics, and of having E. W. A. Walker, D. M. Pharmacology (Reader): James attended a course of Practical Pharmacology. Also in Gunn, M.D. In addition to the University lectures and classes the respect of the First Examination candidates must present certificates showing that they have dissected the whole several Colleges provide their undergraduates with tuition body once and have attended courses of laboratory instruc- for all examinations up to the B.A. degree. In the Radcliffe Infirmary and County Hospital clinical tion in Practical Histology and Practical Physiology. The degree of .IJ.M. is granted to Bachelors of Medicine of instruction is given by the Regius Professor of Medicine, the the University provided they have entered their thirty-ninth Litchfield Lecturers in Medicine and Surgery, and the other term and have composed on some medical subject a disserta- physicians and surgeons. Instruction is also given in posttion which is approved by the professors in the Faculty of mortem work and Clinical Pathology in connexion with the Medicine and examiners for the degree of B. M. whose courses in Pathology. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD : RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY AND subject is dealt with. A book published within two years of the candidate’s application for the degree may be substituted COUNTY HOSPITAL.-Courses of instruction are given in The Regius Professor may direct the connexion with the Oxford University Medical School. These for a dissertation. dissertation to be read in public. The degree of M. Ch. is include (1) a course in Practical Medicine by the Regius Progranted to Bachelors of Surgery of the University who have fessor of Medicine ; (2) Clinical lectures by the Litchfield Lecentered their twenty-seventh term, who are members of the turers in Medicine and Surgery; and (3) tutorial instruction surgical staff of a recognised hospital, or have acted as and demonstrations in special Regional Anatomy (medical Dresser or House Surgeon in such a hospital for six months, and surgical), methods of Medical and Surgical Diagnosis, and who have passed the M.Ch. examination in Surgery, and Surgical Manipulation. (4) Pathological demonstrations Surgical Anatomy, and Surgical Operations. This examina- and instruction in post-mortem work are given by the Assistant tion is held annually, in June, at the end of the Second Pathologist. Practical Pharmacy is taught in the Radcliffe DisB.M. Examination. Opportunities are offered to students who wish to pensary. Diploma in Opldhalmologlf.-There is an examination once act as surgical dressers and clerks. The Hospital contaiBs in each year in the Theory and Practice of Ophthalmology for 170 beds. Honorary Physician : Dr. E. B. Gray. Honorary Surgeon : Mr. A. Winkfield. Active Consulting Physician: 1Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.—Information on these subjects Professor Sir William Osler, Bart. Acting Staff :-Honorary given on p. 614 under the section on Public Health.
A GUIDE TO THE FACILITIES FOR OBTAINING THE VARIOUS MEDICAL DEGREES AND OTHER QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE IN THE BRITISH ISLANDS.1
Ophthalmology
WALES.
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Tyrrell Brooks, Dr. W. Collier, and Honorary Assistant Physician and Medical Registrar : Dr. A. Waters. Electro-Therapeutic Physician: Dr. W. J. Turrell. Honorary Surgeons : Mr. Horatio P. Symonds, Mr. R. H. A. Whitelocke, and Mr. A. P. Dodds-Parker. Honorary Assistant Surgeon and Surgical Registrar: Mr. E. C. Bevers. Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon : Mr. P. E. H. Adams. Honorary Consulting Pathologist: Professor Georges Dreyer. Honorary Assistant Pathologist: Dr. W. Mallam.
Physicians: Dr.
E.
Consulting Dental Surgeon: Mr. E. A. Bevers. Honorary Radiographer: Mr. R. H. Sankey. House Physician: Dr. T. 0. Thompson. House Surgeon: Mr. D. McDonald. Casualty House Surgeon : Mr. E. H. Udall. Dr. A. G. Gibson.
degree of Master of Sitrgery (M. C.) the candidate passed all the examinations for B.C., or, if he s an M.A., have obtained some other registrable qualificaion in surgery. He is required either (1) to pass an ixamination in Principles and Practice of Surgery, Surgical Anatomy and Surgical Operations, and Pathology, md to write an extempore essay on a Surgical Subject; or (2) io submit to the Medical Board original contributions to the Ldvancement of the Science or Art of Surgery. Before he For the
oust have
be admitted to the examination two years at least nust have elapsed from the time when he completed all required for the degree of B.C. Before submitting original contributions he must have been qualified at least three :an
years. An abstract of the Regulations and Schedules of the range of the examinations in Chemistry, Physics, Biology, PharmaI cology, and General Pathology may be obtained upon sending a stamped directed envelope to the Registrary, the Registry, Cambridge. The Professors, Readers, and Lecturers in the various Examination in Classics, Mathematics, &c., which may, and should if possible, be done before he comes into residence in subjects are as follows. Professors-Anatomy : A. Macalister, Botany: October, or he may obtain exemption through the Oxford M.D. Biology (Quick) : G. H. F. Nuttall, Se.D. and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, the Oxford A. C. Seward, M.A. Chemistry : W. J. Pope, M.A. Natural Philosophy (Jacksonian): Sir James Dewar, M.A. Pathology: or Cambridge Senior Local Examinations, the London Matriculation Examination, the Scotch Education Depart- G. Sims Woodhead, M.A. Physic (Regius): Sir T. Clifford ment, Responsions at Oxford, and the Joint Matriculation Allbutt, M.D. Physiology: J. N. Langley, Sc.D. Surgery : Therapeutics (Downing Professor Board of the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, F. H. Marsh, Sc.D. Zoology, &c. : and Sheffield, or by being graduates of other Universities in of Medicine): J. B. Bradbury, M.D. Readers-Botany : F. F. He may then devote himself to J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. the United Kingdom. medical study in the University, attending the hospital and Blackman, M.A. Chemical Physiology: F. G. Hopkins, M.A. Or he may, as nearly Zoology : A. E. Shipley, Se.D. Lecturers-Bacteriology: the medical lectures, dissecting, &c. G. S. Graham-Smith, M.D., and Louis Cobbett, M.D. Botany: students now to take a degree in Arts, all do, proceed either (1) by passing either (a) the General Examination and A. G. Tansley, M.A. Chemistry: W. J. Sell, Sc.D., and H. J. H. Fenton, Se.D. Organic Chemistry: S. Ruhemann,, one Special Examination, or (b) two Special Examinations for the ordinary B.A. degree, or going out in one of the M.A. Chemistry and Physics as Applied to Hygiene : J. E. The Natural Sciences Tripos is taken Purves, M.A. Advanced Morphology of Vertebrates : H. Honour Triposes. most frequently, as some of the subjects are practically the Gadow, M.A. Advanced Morphology of Invertebrates : A. E. same as those for the first and second M. B. Shipley, Se.D. Pathology (Huddersfield) : T. S. P. StrangeFor the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.) five years ways, M.A. Physics: G. F. C. Searle, Se.D., and C. T. R. of medical study are required. This time may be spent in Wilson, M.A. Pharmacology :W. E. Dixon, M.A. Advanced, Cambridge or at one of the recognised Schools of Medicine. Physiology: W. H. Gaskell, M.D., and L. E. Shore, M.D. The first three or four years are usually spent in Cam- Physiology: H. K. Anderson, M.D. Physiological and W. H. R. M.A. Medical Rivers, the student in the till he Experimental Psychology: bridge, remaining University has passed, say, the examination for the Natural Sciences Jurisprudence : B. Anningson, M.D. Medicine: L. Humphry,. Tripos and the first and second examinations for M.B. Hos- M.D. Physiological Anthropology : W. L. H. Duckworth, pital practice and many of the requisite lectures may be M.D., Sc.D. attended in Cambridge, and a certain number of students University Prize in Medicine.-There is only one University remain to attend lectures and hospital practice until they Prize in Medicine. The Raymond Horton Smith Prize (value have passed the second part of the second examination for P,19) is awarded to that candidate for the degree of M.D. who M.B. The laboratories for Pathology, Bacteriology, and presents the best thesis for the degree during the academical taken honours in a tripos Pharmacology are well equipped. Addenbrooke’s Hospital year, provided that he has are endowed by the numerous examination. Medical Studies makes provision for the necessary clinical training. There are three examinations for M. B. The first includes Natural Science scholarships at the various colleges, about which can be obtained from the respective Chemistry and other branches of Physics and Elementary information Tutors. be taken or together separately. Biology. These parts may The second is divided into two parts-viz., (1) Human Anatomy ADDENBROOKE’S HOSPITAL.-Clinical Lectures in Medicine and Physiology ; and (2) Pharmacology and General Pathoand Surgery, in connexion with Cambridge University third is into The also divided two logy. parts: (1) Medical School, are given at this hospital twice a week Principles and Practice of Surgery (including Special Pathothe academical year; and practical instruction in and during and and Diseases to Peculiar logy Midwifery Women); and Surgery is given in the wards and out-patients’ (2) Principles and Practice of Physic (including Diseases of Medicine Children, Mental Diseases, Medical Jurisprudence), Pathology rooms by the physicians and surgeons daily during the time and vacations. The fee for pupilship is 3 guineas (including Hygiene and Preventive Medicine), and Pharmaco- term : Professor Sir Clifford Allbutt, Professor logy (including Therapeutics and Toxicology). The examina- a term. Physicians tions are partly in writing, partly oral, and partly practical, Bradbury, and Dr. L. Humphry. Assistant Physicians : Dr. in the hospital, in the dissecting room, and in the labora- E. Lloyd Jones and Dr. J. Aldren Wright. Surgeons: Protories. An Act has then to be kept in the Public Schools, fessor F. Howard Marsh, Mr. G. E. Wherry, Mr. F. Deighton, by the candidate reading an original dissertation composed and Dr. Griffiths. Assistant Surgeon : Mr. Arthur Cooke. by himself on some subject approved by the Regius Professor All communications by students should be made to Dr. J. Aldren Wright. of Physic. Candidates who have passed both parts of the third M.B. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. examination are admitted to the registrable degree of Bachelor of 5’icrgery (B. C.) without separate examination The University of London was established by Royal and without keeping an Act. Charter in 1836 as an examining and degree conferring The degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) may be takenL body with affiliated colleges but no direct teaching functhree years after that of M.B. or four years after that oitions. In 1900 it was reconstituted under the Act of Parliament M.A. An Act has to be kept, consisting of an original Thesii9 1898 and became a teaching as well as an examining body. sustained in the Public Schools with viviz voce examination ; Many schools already existing became constituent colleges, and a short extempore essay has to be written on a topi(including all the metropolitan medical schools. Teachers taken from the general subject of his thesis, whether it blwere also appointed in special subjects to give lectures at the question of the centralisation of preliminary Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, the Practice of University. The has for some years occupied the very serious scientific studies Medicine, State Medicine, or the History of Medicine.
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. The student must enter at one of the Colleges, or as a non-collegiate student, and keep nine terms (three years) by residence in the University. He must pass the Previous
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542 attention of the University and its constituent schools, but day be a Monday, or if not, on the Monday next preceding has only partially been carried into effect at present. The the 15th), on the second Monday in January, and on the whole subject of medical education in London has lately second Monday in June (or July, as may be hereafter been under consideration, and far-reaching changes were determined). The examinations in January and June (or proposed in the Report of the Royal Commission on University July), but not that in September, may be held not only Education in London which was issued last year. The at the University of London, but also, under special arrangeCommissioners’ proposals have provoked considerable dis- ment, in other parts of the United Kingdom or in the cussion among those who hold divergent views on the Colonies. (Neither Botany nor Drawing can be chosen for University problem in London, but it cannot be said that subjects in the Colonies.) It is noteworthy that the during the past 12 months the problem has come much September examination affords an opportunity for prospective nearer to a solution. medical students who may have failed at the midsummer exaThe medical degrees awarded by the University are those mination to pass the Matriculation in time to enter upon their of M.D., M.S., and M.B., B.S., the two latter being now medical course in October. Students who pass the January given together as a graduating degree, whereas formerly the Matriculation are able to enter for the First Examination for M.B. alone was a qualifying degree and the B.S. was taken Medical Degrees in the following July under certain condioptionally as a separate examination. The medical degrees tions in the case of internal students. Every candidate must, of the University of London are granted to both internal and on or before August 20th for the September examination, on external students, the former being students of the con- or before Nov. 25th for the January examination, and on or stituent schools and colleges of the University. before April 25th for the June (or July) examination, apply Teaohin.’l Sta.1!.-The teaching staff of the University is by postcard to the Principal for a form of entry, of which organised under two heads: 1. Appointed teachers-i.e., the first in order must be returned 14 days before the comsuch as are appointed by, and are paid out of the funds of, the mencement of the September examination, the second on or University. 2. Recognised teachers-i.e., those who have before Dec. 1st, and the third on or before May lst, accombeen appointed and are paid by the several schools of the panied in the same cover by a certificate showing that University and other institutions at which instruction the candidate has completed his sixteenth year, and by is given under the auspices of the University, and who have his fee for the examination. A certificate from the been recognised by the Senate as conducting work of Registrar-General in London or from the superintendent University standard. Courses by non-recognised teachers registrar of the district, or a certified copy of the baptismal may also be approved in schools of the University. Thus in register, or a declaration of the candidate’s age, made before the Faculty of Medicine there are at present nine appointed a magistrate by his parent or guardian, or by the candidate teachers, and there are 405 recognised teachers belonging to if of full age, will be accepted. As candidates cannot be the various metropolitan medical schools. There are 235 admitted after the list is closed, any candidate who may recognised teachers in the Faculty of Science. The lecturers not have re 3eived a form of entry within a week after in the Medical Sciences and the professors in the Faculties of applying for it should communicate immediately with the Medicine in University College, London, and King’s College, Principal, stating the exact date of his application and London, will be found enumerated under their respective the place where it was posted. Every candidate must medical schools. pay a fee of £2. If he withdraws his name before the Internal and External Students.-Matriculated students of last day of entry it shall be returned to him. If he fails the University may be either internal or external. Internal to present himself he shall be allowed to enter for a subsestudents of the University are students who have matricu- quent Matriculation within eight months on payment of lated at the University and who are pursuing a course £1. If he retires after the commencement of the exa. of study approved by the University, either (a) under the mination or fails to pass it the full fee of £2shall direct control of the University or a committee appointed be payable on every re-entry. Candidates must show a thereby;or (b) under one or more of the appointed or competent knowledge of each of the following five subjects, recognised teachers of the University. Centres for pre- according to the details specified : 1. English-Composiliminary and intermediate medical studies have been estab- tion, Precis-writing, salient facts in English History lished by the University at University and King’s Colleges. and Geography. A subject for an essay, to be chosen by Internal students must pursue their studies at one of the candidates, to test power of expression, thought, and arrangeabove centres, or at one of the medical schools connected ment and general knowledge. 2. Elementary Mathematics with the University. These are University College Hospital, -Arithmetic, Algebra (including quadratic equations and Hospital, the graphs of simple functions), and the subjects of Euclid (Books King’s College Hospital, St. London Hospital, Guy’s St. Thomas’s Hospital, I. to IV). 3. Latin, or Elementary Mechanics, or Elementary St. George’s Hospital, the Middlesex Hospital, St. Mary’s Physics (Heat, Light, and Sound), or Elementary Chemistry, Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, Westminster Hospital, or Elementary Botany. 4 and 5. Two of the following and the London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine subjects, neither of which has been taken under Section 3 (if for Women. The London School of Tropical Medicine and Latin be not taken, one of the other subjects must be another the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine are also recognised language from the list): Latin, Greek, French, German, as schools’of the University in special departments. External Ancient History, Modern History, Logic, Physical and General students are all other matriculated students, and may pursue Geography, Geometrical and Mechanical Drawing, Mathetheir studies at other universities and medical schools, pre- matics (more advanced), Elementary Mechanics, Elementary senting themselves for examination at the, University of Chemistry, Elementary Physics (Heat, Light, and Sound), London. Elementary Physics (Electricity and Magnetism), and The Matriculation Examination.-Students before being Botany. One of the subjects may be some other language admitted to the University must either (1) have passed the than Latin, Greek, French, and German, subject to the Matriculation or the School Examination (Matriculation or approval of the Matriculation Board, provided that six Higher Standard), or (2) have been exempted therefrom months’ notice is given before the beginning of the Matriculaunder Statute 116 of the University which recognises certain tion examination for which they enter and an additional other examinations in its lieu. Such exemption is granted fee paid. Additional subjects, of which, however, candidates to graduates of British and certain Colonial Universities, and must give notice two months previous to the examination, under certain conditions to matriculated students of Colonial are : Arabic, Sanskrit, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Hebrew, Universities and the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Chinese, Modern Dutch, and Zoology. Provincial Examinations for Matrculation.-These exaLeeds, and Sheffield, to holders of the senior local certificates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the higher minations are appointed by the Senate from time to time certificate and the school certificate of the Oxford and upon the application of any city, institution, or college Cambridge Schools Examination Board, the Scotch school- desiring to be named as a local centre for one or more exaleaving certificate, the senior grade certificate of the Inter- minations, and are carried on simultaneously with the examediate Examination Board for Ireland, the matriculation minations in London under the supervision of sub-examiners certificate of the Joint Board of the Northern Universities, and also appointed by the Senate. Candidates wishing to be to students who have passed their previous examination at examined at any provincial centre must give notice upon Cambridge. These exemptions allow of a wide choice of their forms of entry to the Principal of the University, who examinations to students who intend to take the University will then make all necessary arrangements. Besides the The examinations for matriculation take place University fee, a fee usually varying from £1to Z3is course. three times in each year-namely, on Sept. 15th (if that charged by the local authorities and must be paid at the
Bartholomew’s
Hospital,
543 local centre immediately before the commencement of the several examinations. Faculty of Medicine.-The Faculty of Medicine grants the joint degrees of M.B., B.S. (Bachelor of Medieine and Surgery), and the higher separate degrees of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) and M.S. (Master of S’u,rgery). It is noteworthy that the curriculum for the medical degrees is now five and a half years from the time of students case of matriculation, except in the who have passed the Preliminary Scientific Examination or the First Examination for Medical Degrees before July, 1910, and that the examinations formerly known as the Preliminary Scientific, the Intermediate, and the Final Examination in Medicine are now respectively entitled the First, Second, and Third Examinations for Medical Degrees. Part II. of the former Preliminary Scientific Examination has now been made Part I. of the Second Examination. A. Internal Students.-In order to be admitted to the Bachelor’s degrees a student must normally, after registration as an internal student, have : (1) Attended prescribed courses of study for five and a half years in one or more schools of the University. (2) Passed the following examinations, under the conditions mentioned below: (a) The First Examination for Medical Degrees in Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, and General Biology; (b) the Second Exa- I mination for Medical Degrees : Part I., Organic and Applied Chemistry; Part II., Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, including Pharmacy and Materia Medica; (e) the Third Examination for Medical Degrees, or M.B., B. S. Examination in Medicine, including Therapeutics and Mental Diseases, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women, Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Hygiene. B. External Students.-To be admitted to the Bachelor’s degrees an external student must (1) have passed the Matriculation examination or have been exempted therefrom under Statute 116 not less than five and a half years previously ; (2) have passed subsequent examinations similar to those required of an internal student ; and (3) have been engaged in professional studies during the five and a half years subsequently to Matriculation and four and a half years subsequently to passing the First Examination for Professional Degrees at one or more of the medical institutions or schools recognised by this University for the purpose, one year at least of the four and a half years to have been spent in one or more of the recognised institutions or schools in the United Kingdom. Ilte First Examination tor Medical Degrees (Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, and General Bioloqy will take place twice in each year, commencing on the Monday following Dec. 10th and on the second Monday in July. It must as a rule be passed by internal students not less than one academic year after matriculation and by external students not less than nine months after matriculation. Candidates, however, who have passed or been admitted under Statute 116 as exempt from matriculation in the preceding January will be admtted to the first examination for medical degrees in July as external students, or as internal students if they have attended the prescribed course of study throughout the session and obtained the consent of the authorities of their school or institution. Every candidate must apply (internal students to the academic registrar and external students to the external registrar) for a Form of Entry on or before Nov. lst or May 24th, which must be returned, accompanied by the proper fee, not later than Nov. 8th for the December examination or June lst for the July examination. The fee is .65for each entry to the whole examination, provided that all the subjects are taken at one time. When less than the whole examination is taken at one time it is S2for each subject. The examination will include two papers in each of the three subjects, three hours being allowed for each paper. Three hours each will be devoted to practical examinations in Inorganic Chemistry and Physics and six hours to a practical examination in General Biology. Candidates must, at their first entry, present themselves in all three subjects. Candidates failing in one subject only may, with permission, present themselves for re-examination in that subject on payment of the proper fee. The Second Examination for Medical Degrees (Part I.) : Organic Chemistry.-This examination will take place twicee ’ in each year, commencing on the Thursdays following the third Monday in March and the second Monday in July. No candidate will be admitted to this examination within six .
months of having passed the First Examination. Every candidate must apply on or before Feb. 8th or May 24th for a form of entry, which must be returned not later than Feb. 15th for the March examination or June lst for the July examination. The fee is Z2for the first and every subsequent entry. The examination will consist of a paper and practical work, and may include oral questions in Organic Chemistry, which is "to be treated in an elementary manner, and with special regard to its applications in physiology, pharmacology, and pathology." The S’econd Examination for Medical Degrees (Part IL) takes place twice in every year, commencing on the third Monday in March and on the first Monday in July. The subjects of the examination are Human Anatomy and Embryology, Physiology, and Pharmacology, including Pharmacy and Materia Medica. No candidate shall be admitted to the examination unless he has passed the First Examination for Medical Degrees at least 18 months previously, and has passed Part I. of the Second Examination Internal students must have comfor Medical Degrees. pleted the courses of study prescribed for them by the University, and external students must produce certificates of having subsequently to having passed the First Examination for Medical Degrees been students during one and a half academic years at one or more of the medical
institutions or schools recognised by the University and of having attended (1) a course of not less than 100 lectures and demonstrations on Human Anatomy; (2) a course of Dissections for not less than 12 months; (3) a course of not less than 60 lectures on Physiology ; (4) adequate courses of Experimental Physiology, Histology, and Physiological Chemistry; (5) adequate courses of lectures and demonstrations on Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Materia Medica; and (6) Practical Pharmacy for not less than two months. These certificates must be transmitted to the Registrar at least not later than Feb. 15th or June 1st for the March and July examinations respectively, applications for forms of entry having been made by Feb. lst or May 17th. The fee for each entry to the whole examination is £8. For re-examination in one subject it is £4. M.B., B.S. Examination.-The M.B., B.S. examination takes place twice in each year, commencing on the fourth Monday in October and on the first Monday in May. No candidate except those who pass the Preliminary Science or First Examination for Medical Degrees before July will be admitted to this examination within three academic years from the date of passing in Anatomy and Physiology at the Second Examination (Part II.), nor unless he has completed that examination together with prescribed courses of study or practice summarised below. (1) Principles and Practice of Medicine ; (2) Clinical Methods and Physical Diagnosis ; (3) Insanity (with clinical demonstrations at a
recognised Asylum) ; (4) herapeutics ; (5) Vaccination ; (6) Principles and Practice of Surgery ; (7) Operative Surgery. Surgical Anatomy, Practical Surgery, and the Administration of Ansesthetics ; (8) Diseases of the Eye, Ear, and Throat ; (9) Lectures and Demonstrations on Midwifery and Diseases of Women; (10) Practical Midwifery, the conduct of at least 20 Labours, and practice as a Clinical clerk in Gynaecological work ; (11) Pathology and Bacteriology ; X12) work of the Post-mortem room; (13) Forensic Medicine ; and (14) Hygiene. He must also have attended the Medical and Surgical practice of a recognised hospital for two years and a course of instruction at a recognised Fever Hospital for two months. He must have had clinical instruction and must have held the posts of medical clinical clerk and surgical dresser for periods of six months each. For internal students the above form the subjects of the last two and a half years of study as prescribed by the University. Forms of entry for the examination must be applied for on or before Sept. 21st or March 24th and returned with certificates of having undertaken the above-mentioned courses of study by Sept. 28th or April lst respectively. Candidates will be examined in Medicine (including Therapeutics and Mental Diseases), Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Hygiene, Surgery, Midwifery, and Diseases of Women. The subjects may be divided into two groups-namely : (1) Medicine, Pathology, Forensic Medicine, and Hygiene ; and (2) Surgery, Midwifery, and Diseases of Women. These groups may be taken either separately or together. The fee is Z10 for each entry to the whole examination and f.5for examination or re-examination in either group. There will be no separate examination held l 2
544 for Honours, but the list of candidates who have passed will be published in tW0 parts-namely, an Honours list and a Pass list. Bachelors of Medicine of this University who graduated in or before May, 1904, may obtain the B.S. degree by passing the Surgical part of the M.B., B.S. examination. Doctur of -4fediciibe.-The examination for this degree takes place twice in each year, commencing on the first Monday in December and on the first Monday in July. Candidates must have taken the degrees of M.B., B.S. not less than two years previously, but for those who have taken the M.B , B.S. degrees with honours or have done certain original work, or have had such exceptional experience in the branch in which they present themselves as may be approved by the University, this period of delay may be reduced to one year. Those who have obtained their M.B. degrees in or before May, 1904, will not be required to hold the degree of B.S. before seeking the doctorate. Candidates may present themselves for examination in one of the following branches, namely : (1) Medicine ; (2) Pathology ; (3) Mental Diseases ; (4) Midwifery and Diseases of Women ; (5) State Medicine ; and (6) Tropical Medicine. In most branches a six
MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.1 ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL AND COLLEGE.-The clinical practice of the hospital is large. The hospital contains 757 beds, of which 687 are for patients in the hospital at Smithfield and 70 for convalescent patients at
Swanley.
This hospital receives within its walls over 8000 inpatients annually and its out-patients and casualties amount to more than 78,000 annually. Special departments have been organised for Diseases of Women and Children, the Eye, Ear, Larynx, and Skin, as well as for Orthopædic and Dental Surgery in which Chief Assistants and Clinical Assistants are appointed annually. There are Electrical and X Ray Departments. Surgical operations take place every day at 1.30 P.m. and Surgical Consultations are held on Thursdays at the same hour. Medical Consultations are held on Thursdays at months’ appointment at an approved hospital, subsequently 3.15 P. M. The physicians and surgeons deliver clinical Certain conditions have lectures weekly during both the winter and the summer to qualification, is necessary. to be fulfilled in each case, varying according to the sessions. Clinical Lectures on all special subjects are also Candidates who have given. The visits of the physicians and surgeons are made nature of the branch in question. or themselves for the M.D. examination at 1.30. passed presented Ten house physicians and ten house surgeons are for in one branch may present themselves examination in During their first six months another branch at a subsequent examination. Any candidate appointed annually. for the degree of M. D. may transmit to the Registrar, not of office they act as "junior"house physicians and a year. less than two months before the commencement of the exa- house surgeons and receive a salary of ;&25 their six months become "senior" second or a thesis work During they mination, published having definite relation to the branch of Medicine in which he is a candidate, and house physicians and house surgeons and are provided if the thesis be approved by the examiners the candidate with rooms by the hospital authorities and receive E80 A resident midwifery assistant, an may be exempted from the written examination in that a year as salary. house and a house surgeon for diseases The fee is and for re-examination .f.10. surgeon, ophthalmic £20, subject. In Branches I. and IV. candidates (other than those of the throat, nose, and ear are appointed every six months, who present a thesis) for the July examination must and are provided with rooms and receive a salary of <&80 a apply to the Academic or External Registrar for forms year. Three resident aneasthetists are appointed annually, and of entry on or before May 20th, which must be receive salaries of <&bgr;120, £100, and £100 respectively, with returned not later than June lst, and candidates (other rooms. An extern midwifery assistant is appointed every three than those who present a thesis) for the December months, and receives a salary of £80 a year. The clinical examination must apply for forms of entry on or before clerks, the obstetric clerks, the clerks to the medical outOct. 20th, which must be returned not later than patients, the dressers to the surgical in-patients and to the Nov. lst. The corresponding dates for application for, and out-patients, and the dressers in the special departments All the appointments return of, forms of entry for candidates in Branches II., are chosen from the students. III., V., and VI., and candidates in other branches who are now free. A residential college is attached to the present a thesis, are April 20th and May 1st for the July hospital. New Buildings.-The new buildings comprise residential examination ; and Sept. 20th and Oct. 1st for the December examination. Forms of entry must be returned duly filled quarters for the resident staff, new casualty, medical, and special out - patient departments, new up, accompanied by the proper fee, and by the certificates surgical, wards, for the branch casualty dispensary, and clinical lecture theatie. concerned. required Master in Surgery.-The examination for the degree of A new chemical laboratory has been added to the Master in Surgery takes place twice in each year and com- Medical School, and a laboratory devoted to instruction in Public Health. A second new block is devoted mences on the first Monday in December and on the first to Pathology, and contains the post-mortem room Monday in July. Candidates must produce certificates of as well as extensive laboratories for bacteriology, taken the not less than of M.B. and B.S. having degrees two years previously (with certain exemptions, as in the clinical pathology, pathological histology, and pathological examination for the M.D.). They may present themselves chemistry. The Medical School Buildings include three large lecture for examination either in Branch I., Surgery, including a large dissecting room, a spacious library (contheatres, and a Clinical examination, Surgical Pathology Anatomy, 13, 000 volumes), a well-appointed museum of anatomy, taining on the and operations dead body; or in Branch II., Dental comparative anatomy, materia medica, botany, Surgery, including Oral Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, and physiology, and The pathological museum is pathological a Therapeutics, and practical examination in Bacteriology. ’, the most completeanatomy. in the There are laboratories kingdom. Candidates must have held for at least six months a Surgical for chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, physics, public a Dental or resident or non(Branch II.) (Branch I.) resident hospital appointment approved by the University, ’, health, and biology, giving ample accommodation in every subsequently to having obtained a registrable qualification department. Special Classes for the Primary and Final F. R. C. S. are held to practise medicine. Any candidate for the degree of M. S. twice yearly. not later than the months transmit to two Registrar, may instruction in Preliminary Science is given to University before the commencement of the examination, a thesis.or of London students in chemistry, biology, and physics relation to work definite published Surgery (Branch I.), having throughout the year. or Dental Surgery (Branch II.), and if the thesis be approved be the from Laboratory Instruction for the D. P. H. is provided during examiners the candidate the may by exempted written examination. The fee is .620, and for re-examination the winter and summer sessions, and elementary instruction in Bacteriology is also given throughout the year. mo. Full details of the prescribed curricula of study, with the The recreation ground of 10 acres is at Winchmore syllabus for each examination and of certain exemptions Hill for the use of the members of the Students’ which the Senate has power to grant in respect to certain Union, which all students are expected to join. The examinations and the courses of study presented for them, Students’ Union contains a large reading and smoking and the names of the recognised Internal and External room, a committee and writing room, luncheon and Schools of the University, can be obtained free on application dining hall, and a miniature rifle range. to the Academic Registrar, University of London, South 1 For Ancillary Metropolitan Medical Schools see p. 571. Kensington, S. W.
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