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Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Cameroonian primigravidae: Evolution after delivery and during second pregnancy
induce specific immunological unresponsiveness. We report a case of a female renal transplant recipient who stopped immunosuppressive therapy during first pregnancy. Despite histologically proven acute renal allograft rejection during the early course of transplantation. no immunological response was observed for 9 years after withdrawal of immunosuppression. Two further pregnancies within that time period did not evoke any renal complications, but were complicated by premature rupture of the amnion and by the development of preeclampsia. To our knowledge, there are no reports of such a long-term specific unresponsiveness to a renal allograft without immunosuppressive therapy. Natural and active immunoregulatory mechanism can be related for the development of specific immune tolerance to renal allograft in this case.
Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Cameroonian primigravidae: Evolution after delivery and during second pregnancy Fievet, N., Cot, M., Ringwald, P.. Bickii, J., Dubois, B., Le Hesran, J.Y., Migot, F., Deloron, P. INSERM U13/IMEA, Hopitul Biclzat -Claude Bernard, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 7.5018 Puris, France [Clinical and Experimental Immunology 107/3, 462-467 (1997)] Mechanisms responsible for the increase in malaria susceptibility during pregnancy, and in particular during the first pregnancy, have not been elucidated. T and B cell responses to leucoagglutinin, bacille CalmetteGuerin (BCG) and to six Plasrnodium jblcipurum antigens were longitudinally investigated in 33 pregnant women during their first pregnancy, after delivery, and during second pregnancy. Parasitological data obtained from the same women during and after the first pregnancy demonstrated the higher risk of P. falciparum infection during this pregnancy. Plasma levels of antibodies to Pfl55/RESA were lower during pregnancy than after delivery. Conversely, antibodies to P. ji-tlciparunz asexual blood stages were higher during pregnancy than after delivery, suggesting that during pregnancy the regulation of antibody production may be variously impaired depending upon the antigens. The most striking finding of the present study is the impairment of the IL-2 cellular response during the first pregnancy. Conversely, proliferative responses, as well as IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-;j) responses, were either unaffected or moderately enhanced. No difference in humoral and cellular responses was observed between first and second pregnancy. The impairment of the IL-2 responses involved the response to malaria peptides and proteins, as well as the response to non-malarial antigens and to the mitogen leucoagglutinin. Thus, the alter-
ation of malaria immunity might rather fall into the general frame of the depression of cellular immunity during pregnancy than involve a specific malaria phenomenon.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunoglohulin administered to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns Lambert, J.S., Mofenson, L.M., Fletcher, C.V., Moye, J. Jr., Stiehm, E.R., Meyer III, W.A., Nemo, G.J., Mathieson, B.J., Hirsch, G., Sapan. C.V., Cummins, L.M., Jimenez, E., O’Neill, E., Kovacs, A., Stek, A. Me&d Biotechnology Center., hstitutc of’ Hun~un Virology, Unizwsity qf Mar~hmd, 725 W. Lodmd St., Bultinlow, MD 21301, USA [Journal of Infectious Diseases 17512, 2833291 (1997)] The pharmacokinetics and safety of hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intravenous immunoglobulin (HIVIG) were evaluated in the first 28 maternal-infant pairs enrolled in a randomized, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-controlled trial of HIVIG maternal-infant HIV transmission prophylaxis. Using 200 mg/kg, mean half-life and volume of distribution (V(d)) in women were 15 days and 72 ml/kg. respectively, after one and 3 2 days and 154 ml/kg after three monthly infusions, with stable 4 ml/kg/day clearance. Transplacental passage occurred. Newborn single-dose half-life, V(d), and clearance were 30 days, 143 ml/kg, and 4 ml/kg/day, respectively. HIVIG rapidly cleared maternal serum immune complex-dissociated p24 antigen, and plasma HIV-l RNA levels were stable. Mild to moderate adverse clinical effects occurred in 2 of 103 maternal and 2 of 25 infant infusions. No adverse hematologic, blood chemistry, or immunologic effects were seen. HIVIG is well-tolerated in HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns, clears antigenemia, crosses the placenta, and exhibits pharmacokinetics similar to those of other immunoglobulin preparations.
The HSD-hCG vaccine prevents pregnancy in women: Feasibility study of a reversible safe contraceptive vaccine Talwar, G.P., Singh, O., Gupta, S.K., Hasnain, S.E., Pal, R., Majumdar, S.S., Vrati, S., Mukhopadhay, A.. Srinivasan, J., Deshmukh, U., Ganga, S., Mandokhot, A., Gupta, A. Inter.natiomI Centrr, Genetic Enginwring Biotechnolog-J), Ne\v Delhi 110067, In&l [American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 37/Z 1533 160 (1997)]
Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Cameroonian primigravidae: Evolution after delivery and during second pregnancy Fievet, N., Cot, M., Ringwald, P.. Bickii, J., Dubois, B., Le Hesran, J.Y., Migot, F., Deloron, P. INSERM U13/IMEA, Hopitul Biclzat -Claude Bernard, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 7.5018 Puris, France [Clinical and Experimental Immunology 107/3, 462-467 (1997)] Mechanisms responsible for the increase in malaria susceptibility during pregnancy, and in particular during the first pregnancy, have not been elucidated. T and B cell responses to leucoagglutinin, bacille CalmetteGuerin (BCG) and to six Plasrnodium jblcipurum antigens were longitudinally investigated in 33 pregnant women during their first pregnancy, after delivery, and during second pregnancy. Parasitological data obtained from the same women during and after the first pregnancy demonstrated the higher risk of P. falciparum infection during this pregnancy. Plasma levels of antibodies to Pfl55/RESA were lower during pregnancy than after delivery. Conversely, antibodies to P. ji-tlciparunz asexual blood stages were higher during pregnancy than after delivery, suggesting that during pregnancy the regulation of antibody production may be variously impaired depending upon the antigens. The most striking finding of the present study is the impairment of the IL-2 cellular response during the first pregnancy. Conversely, proliferative responses, as well as IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-;j) responses, were either unaffected or moderately enhanced. No difference in humoral and cellular responses was observed between first and second pregnancy. The impairment of the IL-2 responses involved the response to malaria peptides and proteins, as well as the response to non-malarial antigens and to the mitogen leucoagglutinin. Thus, the alter-
ation of malaria immunity might rather fall into the general frame of the depression of cellular immunity during pregnancy than involve a specific malaria phenomenon.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunoglohulin administered to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns Lambert, J.S., Mofenson, L.M., Fletcher, C.V., Moye, J. Jr., Stiehm, E.R., Meyer III, W.A., Nemo, G.J., Mathieson, B.J., Hirsch, G., Sapan. C.V., Cummins, L.M., Jimenez, E., O’Neill, E., Kovacs, A., Stek, A. Me&d Biotechnology Center., hstitutc of’ Hun~un Virology, Unizwsity qf Mar~hmd, 725 W. Lodmd St., Bultinlow, MD 21301, USA [Journal of Infectious Diseases 17512, 2833291 (1997)] The pharmacokinetics and safety of hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intravenous immunoglobulin (HIVIG) were evaluated in the first 28 maternal-infant pairs enrolled in a randomized, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-controlled trial of HIVIG maternal-infant HIV transmission prophylaxis. Using 200 mg/kg, mean half-life and volume of distribution (V(d)) in women were 15 days and 72 ml/kg. respectively, after one and 3 2 days and 154 ml/kg after three monthly infusions, with stable 4 ml/kg/day clearance. Transplacental passage occurred. Newborn single-dose half-life, V(d), and clearance were 30 days, 143 ml/kg, and 4 ml/kg/day, respectively. HIVIG rapidly cleared maternal serum immune complex-dissociated p24 antigen, and plasma HIV-l RNA levels were stable. Mild to moderate adverse clinical effects occurred in 2 of 103 maternal and 2 of 25 infant infusions. No adverse hematologic, blood chemistry, or immunologic effects were seen. HIVIG is well-tolerated in HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns, clears antigenemia, crosses the placenta, and exhibits pharmacokinetics similar to those of other immunoglobulin preparations.
The HSD-hCG vaccine prevents pregnancy in women: Feasibility study of a reversible safe contraceptive vaccine Talwar, G.P., Singh, O., Gupta, S.K., Hasnain, S.E., Pal, R., Majumdar, S.S., Vrati, S., Mukhopadhay, A.. Srinivasan, J., Deshmukh, U., Ganga, S., Mandokhot, A., Gupta, A. Inter.natiomI Centrr, Genetic Enginwring Biotechnolog-J), Ne\v Delhi 110067, In&l [American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 37/Z 1533 160 (1997)]