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Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in Four Cases of Equine Mammary Gland Tumours
141:4, 2009
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2009
291
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BORNA DISEASE IN AN ADULT ALPACA STALLION (LAMA PACOS) B. Jacobsen *, D. Algermissen *, D. Schaudien *, M. Venner *, S. Herzog y, M. Hewicker-Trautwein *, W. Baumga¨rtner * and C. Herdeny *University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Giessen and yJustus-LiebigUniversity, Giessen, Germany Introduction: Borna disease (BD) is an endemic, sporadically occurring, usually fatal disorder caused by the highly neurotropic Borna disease virus (BDV). Clinical BD has only been recognized in the German speaking part of central Europe, predominantly in horses and sheep. Materials and methods: A 2-year-old male alpaca with a history of stretching, convulsions and depressed libido was submitted for necropsy examination. Routine histology as well as immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction for BDV were performed. Serological testing of the flock from which the animal originated was also performed. Results: Microscopical findings included a typical non-purulent meningoencephalitis with mononuclear perivascular cuffing throughout the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamic region. BDV infection was confirmed by detection of viral proteins and RNA. Conclusions: BD must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in alpacas with neurological disorders.
ALTERATION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERIES IN A PUPPY TREATED WITH SHAMPOO CONTAINING CHLORHEXIDINE: A CASE REPORT F. Jelinek * and L. Paneky *Veterinary Histopathological Laboratory, Prague and yVeterinary Clinic, Kolin, Czech Republic Introduction: Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant that is used in veterinary medicine for cleansing wounds, skin, instruments and equipment. We present a case of sudden death of a dog shortly after the animal was shampooed with a product containing chlorhexidine diacetate. Materials and Methods: A 4-month-old, female, Yorkshire terrier suffered from oiliness of the skin and hair and was treated with shampoo containing chlorhexidine. The puppy died very shortly after the fourth bath. Samples of internal organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff and van Gieson’s stain, and immunohistochemical detection of vimentin, actin, and von Willebrand factor was performed on lung sections. Results: Gross examination revealed acute hyperaemia of the lung. Microscopically, there was hydropic degeneration of bronchiolar epithelium, oedema and/or hyperplasia of the subendothelial connective tissue and oedema and/or hyperplasia of adventitia in predominantly small and medium sized arteries. Oedema and hyperplasia of the subendothelial connective tissue caused stenosis or obliteration of the vessel lumen. Veins were not affected. Conclusions: On the basis of the clinical presentation and pathological findings, we consider chlorhexidine as the causal agent of the observed arterial lesions.
55 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL LESIONS AND PRESENCE OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN CATTLE M.S. Hansen *, A. Rodolakis z, D. Cochonneau z, J.F. Agger y, A.-B. Christoffersen x and J.S. Agerholm* *Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, yDepartment of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, zINRA, Nouzilly, France and xNational Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Introduction: Coxiella burnetii is a cause of placentitis and abortion in ruminants. However, it may also be present in the pregnant uterus without causing abortion, even when excreted in large numbers at calving. Materials and Methods: Cotyledonal specimens of 186 bovine placentas were sampled at calving. One quarter of a cotyledon was frozen at e20 C and the adjacent 1⁄4 cotyledon was fixed in formalin. The frozen specimens were analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 123 formalin fixed samples, representing RT-PCR results from 0 to 5.3 x 108 DNA copies per ml, were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. Results: RT-PCR demonstrated C. burnetii in numbers grouped as 0 (80 samples), 1 e 500 (68), 501 e 1,000 (15) and O1,000 (23) DNA copies per ml. Lesions were demonstrated infrequently and apparently without any association with RT-PCR results. Lesions consisted mainly of mild focal inflammation. Distended trophoblasts were not observed. Specific immunolabelling was only observed in one case having a high RT-PCR value. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the level of placental infection in cows at calving. It also shows that histology and immunohistochemistry are mostly insufficient to demonstrate infection at a normal calving.
56 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) IN FOUR CASES OF EQUINE MAMMARY GLAND TUMOURS S. Jottini *, A.M. Cantoni *, E. Muzzoni *, G. Reppas y and A. Corradi* *Department of Animal Health, Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parma, Italy and yVictorian Veterinary Pathology Services, Australia Introduction: Cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme linked to tumour growth and angiogenesis. Cox-2 is expressed in a variety of canine and feline carcinomas and a strong Cox-2 expression may confer a worse prognosis in mammary tumours of this species. As Cox-2 expression has never been evaluated in equine mammary gland carcinoma, the purpose of this study was to evaluate its expression in two healthy equine mammary glands and four equine mammary carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Paraffin wax-embedded sections of two healthy equine mammary glands, four mammary gland carcinomas and their metastases were investigated immunohistochemically for Cox-2, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CK-19) and Ki67. Results: Only one carcinoma and its metastases were positive for Cox-2, one carcinoma had weak Cox-2 positivity and the remaining two were negative. Cytokeratins were expressed in all tumours and in the epithelium of normal glands, whereas all neoplasms and metastases had a high proliferating index (Ki67+). Cox-2 immunoreactivity was not observed in normal mammary gland tissues. Conclusions: Cox-2 expression could be an immunomarker linked to the type of carcinoma and the phenotype of neoplastic cells.
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2009
291
53
54
BORNA DISEASE IN AN ADULT ALPACA STALLION (LAMA PACOS) B. Jacobsen *, D. Algermissen *, D. Schaudien *, M. Venner *, S. Herzog y, M. Hewicker-Trautwein *, W. Baumga¨rtner * and C. Herdeny *University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Giessen and yJustus-LiebigUniversity, Giessen, Germany Introduction: Borna disease (BD) is an endemic, sporadically occurring, usually fatal disorder caused by the highly neurotropic Borna disease virus (BDV). Clinical BD has only been recognized in the German speaking part of central Europe, predominantly in horses and sheep. Materials and methods: A 2-year-old male alpaca with a history of stretching, convulsions and depressed libido was submitted for necropsy examination. Routine histology as well as immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction for BDV were performed. Serological testing of the flock from which the animal originated was also performed. Results: Microscopical findings included a typical non-purulent meningoencephalitis with mononuclear perivascular cuffing throughout the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamic region. BDV infection was confirmed by detection of viral proteins and RNA. Conclusions: BD must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in alpacas with neurological disorders.
ALTERATION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERIES IN A PUPPY TREATED WITH SHAMPOO CONTAINING CHLORHEXIDINE: A CASE REPORT F. Jelinek * and L. Paneky *Veterinary Histopathological Laboratory, Prague and yVeterinary Clinic, Kolin, Czech Republic Introduction: Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant that is used in veterinary medicine for cleansing wounds, skin, instruments and equipment. We present a case of sudden death of a dog shortly after the animal was shampooed with a product containing chlorhexidine diacetate. Materials and Methods: A 4-month-old, female, Yorkshire terrier suffered from oiliness of the skin and hair and was treated with shampoo containing chlorhexidine. The puppy died very shortly after the fourth bath. Samples of internal organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff and van Gieson’s stain, and immunohistochemical detection of vimentin, actin, and von Willebrand factor was performed on lung sections. Results: Gross examination revealed acute hyperaemia of the lung. Microscopically, there was hydropic degeneration of bronchiolar epithelium, oedema and/or hyperplasia of the subendothelial connective tissue and oedema and/or hyperplasia of adventitia in predominantly small and medium sized arteries. Oedema and hyperplasia of the subendothelial connective tissue caused stenosis or obliteration of the vessel lumen. Veins were not affected. Conclusions: On the basis of the clinical presentation and pathological findings, we consider chlorhexidine as the causal agent of the observed arterial lesions.
55 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL LESIONS AND PRESENCE OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN CATTLE M.S. Hansen *, A. Rodolakis z, D. Cochonneau z, J.F. Agger y, A.-B. Christoffersen x and J.S. Agerholm* *Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, yDepartment of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, zINRA, Nouzilly, France and xNational Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Introduction: Coxiella burnetii is a cause of placentitis and abortion in ruminants. However, it may also be present in the pregnant uterus without causing abortion, even when excreted in large numbers at calving. Materials and Methods: Cotyledonal specimens of 186 bovine placentas were sampled at calving. One quarter of a cotyledon was frozen at e20 C and the adjacent 1⁄4 cotyledon was fixed in formalin. The frozen specimens were analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 123 formalin fixed samples, representing RT-PCR results from 0 to 5.3 x 108 DNA copies per ml, were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. Results: RT-PCR demonstrated C. burnetii in numbers grouped as 0 (80 samples), 1 e 500 (68), 501 e 1,000 (15) and O1,000 (23) DNA copies per ml. Lesions were demonstrated infrequently and apparently without any association with RT-PCR results. Lesions consisted mainly of mild focal inflammation. Distended trophoblasts were not observed. Specific immunolabelling was only observed in one case having a high RT-PCR value. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the level of placental infection in cows at calving. It also shows that histology and immunohistochemistry are mostly insufficient to demonstrate infection at a normal calving.
56 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) IN FOUR CASES OF EQUINE MAMMARY GLAND TUMOURS S. Jottini *, A.M. Cantoni *, E. Muzzoni *, G. Reppas y and A. Corradi* *Department of Animal Health, Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parma, Italy and yVictorian Veterinary Pathology Services, Australia Introduction: Cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme linked to tumour growth and angiogenesis. Cox-2 is expressed in a variety of canine and feline carcinomas and a strong Cox-2 expression may confer a worse prognosis in mammary tumours of this species. As Cox-2 expression has never been evaluated in equine mammary gland carcinoma, the purpose of this study was to evaluate its expression in two healthy equine mammary glands and four equine mammary carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Paraffin wax-embedded sections of two healthy equine mammary glands, four mammary gland carcinomas and their metastases were investigated immunohistochemically for Cox-2, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CK-19) and Ki67. Results: Only one carcinoma and its metastases were positive for Cox-2, one carcinoma had weak Cox-2 positivity and the remaining two were negative. Cytokeratins were expressed in all tumours and in the epithelium of normal glands, whereas all neoplasms and metastases had a high proliferating index (Ki67+). Cox-2 immunoreactivity was not observed in normal mammary gland tissues. Conclusions: Cox-2 expression could be an immunomarker linked to the type of carcinoma and the phenotype of neoplastic cells.