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Immunohistochemical study of Langerhans' cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young and old patients
456
Abstracts, AAOP
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY October 1995
filtrate that failed to extend to the underlying tissues. One half of each biopsy specimen was stained with H & E and the other half was frozen for reaction with M A b 17.13. 63.12 and a,control antibody. Results were assessed by recording the immunoreactivity of each M A b in the various layers of surface epithelium. M A b 17. l 3 reacted in all cases of OLP in almost an identical pattern to that reported in the previous study with epithelial dysplasia. These findings demonstrate that the altered immunoreactivity of M A b 17.13 is similar in OLP and oral epithelial dysplasia and further support the concept of OLP as a premalignant condition. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LANGERHANS' CELLS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN YOUNG AND OLD PATIENTS. D. Cleveland. J. Stewart. Temple University and University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. Pa. Langerhans' cells (LCs) are dendritic cells that reside in epithelium and serve important immunologic functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that they m a y be involved in the pathogenesis of some skin and mucosal diseases. Because recent reports have described an increase in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity in young adults, we designed an immunoperoxidase study to ascertain whether there are quantitative differences in LCs in SCC in patients 40 years of age or less and patients greater than 40 years of age. All cases of SCC were retrieved from the archives of Temple University Oral Pathology Laboratory as formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. There were 21 cases of SCC in the under 40 age group (14 to 40 years, age range; 33 years, average age) and 19 cases of SCC in the over 40 age group (53 to 88 years, age range; 70 years, average age). The most c o m m o n location of SCC for both age groups was the lateral tongue. LCs were immunostained for S-100 protein and H L A - D R antigen and counted as the number of positively staining cells (having at least one dendrite per cell body) per millimeter o f epithelial surface length (ESL). Results: For the over-40 age group the mean value o f S-100 positive cells was 7.77 cells/ESL and the mean value of H L A - D R positive ceils was 1.81 cellsfESL: for the under-40 age group the m e a n value of S-100 positive cells was 8.97 cells/ESL and the m e a n value of H L A - D R positive ceils was 1.99 cells/]ESL. Statistical analysis of the data (student's t test) failed to disclose a statistically significant difference between the mean values for either of the markers studied (S- 100:p = 0.55: H L A - D R : p = 0.79). Our data suggest that quantitative variations in LC numbers do not contribute significantly to differences in pathogenesis of SCC in young versus old patients. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA IN OSTEOSARCOMAS OF THE JAWS AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN TUMOR PROLIFERATION. J. Tiffee, T. Aufdemorte. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Transforming growth factor beta fTGF-13) is a cytokine with numerous functions in several different tissues. The largest source of TGF-[3 in h u m a n s is bone: TGF-[3 has been shown to stimulate bone formation via Type I collagen production and influences several other metabolically active bone proteins. Also, studies on cell cultures have shown both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of TGF-[3 on osteosarcoma cells. However, very little information is available as to the level of expression of TGF-13 in h u m a n osteosarcoma tissue. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate a series of osteosarcomas for the presence of intracellular TGF-I3. To this end, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from four chondroblastic osteosarcomas of the jaws were retrieved
from our files. Sections were then evaluated immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against TGF-I~ subtypes 1.2. and 3. This assessment revealed positive reactivity by tumor cells in all cases. However. the better differentiated tumors showed a greater number of positive ceils, so that lesions with greater differentiation possessed a greater level of intracellular TGF-13. This data would tend to support the conclusions drawn by others that further study is necessary to more thoroughly evaluate the significance of TGF-13 in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of bone. ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF MYOF|BROBLASTIC FEATURESIN CELL CULTURE OF A CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA. F. Kratochvil, J. Schwartz. M. Cardinali. Naval Dental School and National Institute of Dental Research. Bethesda. Md. Myofibroblasts are considered to be responsible for tissue contraction during wound healing and the desmoplastic response to s o m e carcinomas, i.e. breast cancer. Mucosal retraction, producing a palatal mucosal cleft, is often seen with central odontogenic fibromas ~COF) of the anterior maxilla. W e searched for features of myofibroblastic differentiation in a cell culture of a COF that showed prominent palatal mucosal clefting. Ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy showed arrays of intermediate filaments with focal densities. In addition, these cells demonstrated subplasmalemmal micropinocytotic vesicles, external lamina, and intercellular junctions. Demonstration of myofibroblastic features in this neoplasm m a y help explain the interesting and unique clinical feature of mucosal clefting that some of these tumors express. Also. this appears to represent the first report of a viable cell culture of a COF. OXIDANT STRESSSYNERGISM IN AIDS-KS PATHOGENESIS S Mallery, R. Bailer, C. Ng-Bautista. C. Hohl, G. Ness, G. Brierley. The Ohio State University, Columbus. Despite its recognition as the most prevalent HIV-associated neoplasm, speculation still abounds regarding the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma ~AIDS-KS). However, it has been established that both cytokines e.g. IL-6, and HIV-associated products e.g. Tat. are integral in AIDS-KS cellular proliferation. Further. both experimental and clinical evidence is accumulating to link reactive oxygen intermediates (ROD with both cytokine induction (via both NF-KB dependent and NF-KB independent routes) as well as the subsequent cytokine (TNFc~) stimulation of HIV replication. Features o f AIDS-KS patients, such as retention of their phagocytes, presence of sustained immunostimulation. and a frequent history of a KS lesion arising at a traumatized site. make oxidant stress a viable clinical factor in AIDS-KS development. The objective of this study was to monitor, via time course nucleotide analyses. AIDS-KS cellular bioenergetic response to physiologically relevant levels of H202. Our nucleotide profiles show that AIDS-KS cells have an inherent, statistically significant biochemical deficit, e.g. lower levels of high energy phosphates. glutathione, and NADPH, even prior to oxidant stress. Following exposure to H202, only the h u m a n microvascnlar endothelial cells (a putative KS progenitor cell) responded with beneficial bioenergetic adaptations that reflected co-ordination o f energy generating and cytoprotective pathways. Also, some o f the AIDS-KS strains retained intracellular GSSG subsequent to oxidant challenge, inviting the formation of deleterious protein mixed disulfides. Therefore institution of antioxidant therapy (low-risk/ potential high-benefit) m a y prove beneficial in preventing disease progression.
Abstracts, AAOP
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY October 1995
filtrate that failed to extend to the underlying tissues. One half of each biopsy specimen was stained with H & E and the other half was frozen for reaction with M A b 17.13. 63.12 and a,control antibody. Results were assessed by recording the immunoreactivity of each M A b in the various layers of surface epithelium. M A b 17. l 3 reacted in all cases of OLP in almost an identical pattern to that reported in the previous study with epithelial dysplasia. These findings demonstrate that the altered immunoreactivity of M A b 17.13 is similar in OLP and oral epithelial dysplasia and further support the concept of OLP as a premalignant condition. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LANGERHANS' CELLS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN YOUNG AND OLD PATIENTS. D. Cleveland. J. Stewart. Temple University and University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. Pa. Langerhans' cells (LCs) are dendritic cells that reside in epithelium and serve important immunologic functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that they m a y be involved in the pathogenesis of some skin and mucosal diseases. Because recent reports have described an increase in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity in young adults, we designed an immunoperoxidase study to ascertain whether there are quantitative differences in LCs in SCC in patients 40 years of age or less and patients greater than 40 years of age. All cases of SCC were retrieved from the archives of Temple University Oral Pathology Laboratory as formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. There were 21 cases of SCC in the under 40 age group (14 to 40 years, age range; 33 years, average age) and 19 cases of SCC in the over 40 age group (53 to 88 years, age range; 70 years, average age). The most c o m m o n location of SCC for both age groups was the lateral tongue. LCs were immunostained for S-100 protein and H L A - D R antigen and counted as the number of positively staining cells (having at least one dendrite per cell body) per millimeter o f epithelial surface length (ESL). Results: For the over-40 age group the mean value o f S-100 positive cells was 7.77 cells/ESL and the mean value of H L A - D R positive ceils was 1.81 cellsfESL: for the under-40 age group the m e a n value of S-100 positive cells was 8.97 cells/ESL and the m e a n value of H L A - D R positive ceils was 1.99 cells/]ESL. Statistical analysis of the data (student's t test) failed to disclose a statistically significant difference between the mean values for either of the markers studied (S- 100:p = 0.55: H L A - D R : p = 0.79). Our data suggest that quantitative variations in LC numbers do not contribute significantly to differences in pathogenesis of SCC in young versus old patients. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA IN OSTEOSARCOMAS OF THE JAWS AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN TUMOR PROLIFERATION. J. Tiffee, T. Aufdemorte. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Transforming growth factor beta fTGF-13) is a cytokine with numerous functions in several different tissues. The largest source of TGF-[3 in h u m a n s is bone: TGF-[3 has been shown to stimulate bone formation via Type I collagen production and influences several other metabolically active bone proteins. Also, studies on cell cultures have shown both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of TGF-[3 on osteosarcoma cells. However, very little information is available as to the level of expression of TGF-13 in h u m a n osteosarcoma tissue. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate a series of osteosarcomas for the presence of intracellular TGF-I3. To this end, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from four chondroblastic osteosarcomas of the jaws were retrieved
from our files. Sections were then evaluated immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against TGF-I~ subtypes 1.2. and 3. This assessment revealed positive reactivity by tumor cells in all cases. However. the better differentiated tumors showed a greater number of positive ceils, so that lesions with greater differentiation possessed a greater level of intracellular TGF-13. This data would tend to support the conclusions drawn by others that further study is necessary to more thoroughly evaluate the significance of TGF-13 in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of bone. ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF MYOF|BROBLASTIC FEATURESIN CELL CULTURE OF A CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA. F. Kratochvil, J. Schwartz. M. Cardinali. Naval Dental School and National Institute of Dental Research. Bethesda. Md. Myofibroblasts are considered to be responsible for tissue contraction during wound healing and the desmoplastic response to s o m e carcinomas, i.e. breast cancer. Mucosal retraction, producing a palatal mucosal cleft, is often seen with central odontogenic fibromas ~COF) of the anterior maxilla. W e searched for features of myofibroblastic differentiation in a cell culture of a COF that showed prominent palatal mucosal clefting. Ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy showed arrays of intermediate filaments with focal densities. In addition, these cells demonstrated subplasmalemmal micropinocytotic vesicles, external lamina, and intercellular junctions. Demonstration of myofibroblastic features in this neoplasm m a y help explain the interesting and unique clinical feature of mucosal clefting that some of these tumors express. Also. this appears to represent the first report of a viable cell culture of a COF. OXIDANT STRESSSYNERGISM IN AIDS-KS PATHOGENESIS S Mallery, R. Bailer, C. Ng-Bautista. C. Hohl, G. Ness, G. Brierley. The Ohio State University, Columbus. Despite its recognition as the most prevalent HIV-associated neoplasm, speculation still abounds regarding the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma ~AIDS-KS). However, it has been established that both cytokines e.g. IL-6, and HIV-associated products e.g. Tat. are integral in AIDS-KS cellular proliferation. Further. both experimental and clinical evidence is accumulating to link reactive oxygen intermediates (ROD with both cytokine induction (via both NF-KB dependent and NF-KB independent routes) as well as the subsequent cytokine (TNFc~) stimulation of HIV replication. Features o f AIDS-KS patients, such as retention of their phagocytes, presence of sustained immunostimulation. and a frequent history of a KS lesion arising at a traumatized site. make oxidant stress a viable clinical factor in AIDS-KS development. The objective of this study was to monitor, via time course nucleotide analyses. AIDS-KS cellular bioenergetic response to physiologically relevant levels of H202. Our nucleotide profiles show that AIDS-KS cells have an inherent, statistically significant biochemical deficit, e.g. lower levels of high energy phosphates. glutathione, and NADPH, even prior to oxidant stress. Following exposure to H202, only the h u m a n microvascnlar endothelial cells (a putative KS progenitor cell) responded with beneficial bioenergetic adaptations that reflected co-ordination o f energy generating and cytoprotective pathways. Also, some o f the AIDS-KS strains retained intracellular GSSG subsequent to oxidant challenge, inviting the formation of deleterious protein mixed disulfides. Therefore institution of antioxidant therapy (low-risk/ potential high-benefit) m a y prove beneficial in preventing disease progression.