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Immunological studies on monovalent Enhydrina schistosa (common sea snake) antivenin
GAW
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MONOVALENT ENHYDRINA SCHISTOSA (COMMON SEA SNAKE) ANTIVENIN
S .P . Gawade and B .B . Galtondé Haffkine
Institute, Parel, Bombay-400 012,
India
A monovalent Enhydrina schistosa (caman sea snake) antivenin was prepared in horses using Freund's incomplete and complete adJuvant (Gawade et al ., 1979) . One millilitre of antivenin neutralised 247 MLDs and 423 LDSps of E . schistosa venom to mice . Antivenin was studied for its to vitro neutralisation capacity an p~répTtin behaviour against varieties of venoms from séa snakes and land snakes . Verwms of four hydrophiids, H dro Is cynocinc tus, ~. spiralis , ~. ornatus and Lapemis curtus ; four elapids ~Na ~a na a, Ophiophagus hennah , Bungarus caeruleus and Bungarus fasciatus ; two viperids, Viperara russelli , Echis car(natus and Trimeresurus species were stuffed .Imnuncelectrophóretic patterns were also investigated for all these venoms and compared with homologous Enhydrina schistosa venom . Monovalent sea snake antivenin is known to have paraspecific protection against varieties of hydrophiids (Tu and Ganthavorn, 1969 ; Tu and Salfranca, 1974) . In the present studies it is shown that sea snake antivenin not only show cross neutralisation against venoms of sea snakes but also showed some degree of cross neutralisation against the venom of Vipers russe111 of vipertdae and Na a na a, OPhiophagus hannah of Elapidae . Results of the Immuncelectrophoretic patterns indicated that venom of all sea snakes and the venom of Russel's viper showed identical and prominent precipitin lines against sea snake antivenin, while other land snake venoms exhibited precipitin lines either faint or not at all . Prominent precipitin lines showed by the venom of Vipers russelli against sea snake antivenin is significant considering the mode of action and phylogenetic placement of these snakes . On the contrary venom of Echis carinatus of the same viperidae exhibited very poor cross reactivity towards sea snake antivenin . GAWADE, S .P ., BUDUK, D.P ., and GAITONDE, B.B . (1979) Paper under publication . TU, A .T ., and GANTHAVORN, S . (1969) Am . ~ " Trop " Med " H~Cq " . 18, 151 . TU, A .T ., and SALFRANCA, E .S . (1974) 9ß "~. Tron " lied " .H~LQ " . ?3 . 135 . (supported by Snake Venom Research Scheme, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 1978-79)
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MONOVALENT ENHYDRINA SCHISTOSA (COMMON SEA SNAKE) ANTIVENIN
S .P . Gawade and B .B . Galtondé Haffkine
Institute, Parel, Bombay-400 012,
India
A monovalent Enhydrina schistosa (caman sea snake) antivenin was prepared in horses using Freund's incomplete and complete adJuvant (Gawade et al ., 1979) . One millilitre of antivenin neutralised 247 MLDs and 423 LDSps of E . schistosa venom to mice . Antivenin was studied for its to vitro neutralisation capacity an p~répTtin behaviour against varieties of venoms from séa snakes and land snakes . Verwms of four hydrophiids, H dro Is cynocinc tus, ~. spiralis , ~. ornatus and Lapemis curtus ; four elapids ~Na ~a na a, Ophiophagus hennah , Bungarus caeruleus and Bungarus fasciatus ; two viperids, Viperara russelli , Echis car(natus and Trimeresurus species were stuffed .Imnuncelectrophóretic patterns were also investigated for all these venoms and compared with homologous Enhydrina schistosa venom . Monovalent sea snake antivenin is known to have paraspecific protection against varieties of hydrophiids (Tu and Ganthavorn, 1969 ; Tu and Salfranca, 1974) . In the present studies it is shown that sea snake antivenin not only show cross neutralisation against venoms of sea snakes but also showed some degree of cross neutralisation against the venom of Vipers russe111 of vipertdae and Na a na a, OPhiophagus hannah of Elapidae . Results of the Immuncelectrophoretic patterns indicated that venom of all sea snakes and the venom of Russel's viper showed identical and prominent precipitin lines against sea snake antivenin, while other land snake venoms exhibited precipitin lines either faint or not at all . Prominent precipitin lines showed by the venom of Vipers russelli against sea snake antivenin is significant considering the mode of action and phylogenetic placement of these snakes . On the contrary venom of Echis carinatus of the same viperidae exhibited very poor cross reactivity towards sea snake antivenin . GAWADE, S .P ., BUDUK, D.P ., and GAITONDE, B.B . (1979) Paper under publication . TU, A .T ., and GANTHAVORN, S . (1969) Am . ~ " Trop " Med " H~Cq " . 18, 151 . TU, A .T ., and SALFRANCA, E .S . (1974) 9ß "~. Tron " lied " .H~LQ " . ?3 . 135 . (supported by Snake Venom Research Scheme, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 1978-79)