- Email: [email protected]
Impact of onchocerciasis control on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerca ochengi and other Oncherca species by Simulium sirbanum in West Africa
Workshops / Parasitology International 47 (Suppt) (1998) 105-131
108
W-O005
GIDEON - A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR INFORMATICS, TEACHING AND DISEASE SIMULATION IN THE FIELD OF GEOGRAPHIC MEDICINE
Berqer S Tel-Avlv Medical Center,
Tel-Aviv,
W-0007
IMPACT OI" ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL ON T}tF TRANSMISSION O1: ON( "H(X "b?R("A I'OIJ'l q. ( ~S, ON('HO('IC.R( ",4 (X'HliNGI AND O'I'HER t)N( "H(X't.R( ",4 SPECIES BY SL't[l,7.11,'M 57RBAN( ;3.1IN WEST AFRICA
ISRAEL
The fields of Infectious Diseases and Medical M i c r o b i o l o g y constantly evolve and expand. Over 300 generic diseases are distributed haphazardly in time and space; and are challenged by over 240 drugs and vaccines. 1,000 pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi have been described, with everchanging phenotyplc descriptions, taxonomy and clinical relevance. GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases and EpidemiOlogy Network) is a software program consisting of four modules. The first generates a Bayesian ranked differential diagnosis based on signs, symptoms, laboratory tests and incubation period and can be used to diagnose or simulate all infectious diseases. The second module presents the epidemlology of individual diseases, including its status in each of 205 countries and regions. The third module contains the pharmacology and usage of all antlinfective drugs and vaccines. The fourth module is designed to identify any species of bacteria (mycobacteria, mycoplasmas, spirochetes, bartonellas) and yeasts; or to characterize and compare individual species or groups. The program will be demonstrated using computer projection.
Bissan Y'. Ake H F". Toe I ' . Hou,~ard J -M " • Onchoccxctasts Control Programme, Ouagadougou, Burkma Faso " Otstoro, Ouagadougou, Burkma Faso Vector control operatmns conducted from March 1q77 to December 1994 against S/#ttthllm s/rbctmtm, in a savanna area of the south-east of Mall, resulted m a Iong-lastmg mterruptmn of the transm~ssuon of the parastte of human onchocercmsns and, thus, m a sharp decrease of =ts endenuctty level T~,o years after the end of the operatnons, a mean of 16 files per 1,000 parous rites were found to be mfected by f)ncht~enza sp as against 29 ",%°for the precontrol pertod The recent avallibllib, of the DNA technics for parastte ~denttficatnon provided further poss~bilittes to apprmse the successful impact of larvtcidmg The post control results reveal a strong and nearly s=mthardecrease of the mfect~,~ty by
()nchocenu voh~th~.~ (2 02 °1oo)and (h~chocerca oc'hengt (3 32 °/oo), the parasites of human and bowne onchocerciasts respecttvel.~ On the other hand. each of these two xalues ts s,gmficantly lower than that obtaroed from fires harbourmg other Onchocerta specms ( I 0 20/oo) In spue of the non avanlabdttT of precontrol data for an accurate tdent~ficatmn of the parasite specms m~olved, these results confirm the major vectorial role of X .wrbtmwn m the transmtsston of(). vol~Tdu~ and O. (~.heagt and its less involvement m the transmtss~on of other ammal filariae
W-ON6
/l/I~ -YE/d LONGITIIOII~Ofl~VATION~ lie OaVlROL OF ~ AI(D0 1 ~ SOIL-I?Jk~II'I~I) IELWIIflIIIkSES IH TIE S111DYSITE
Li-a~r~ We,. ZMo-hue Xie. Shang-ying Yao. Ying-long Su.Y~-ping Rea. Char~-e~ Song Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Zhejiang Aeada~ of l~l]c~] Sciences. ColIeborsting Center for Research o. Itelminthieais Kangz~u, Zhejia~, People's Republic of China (3Z0013/ The objective of the project ~ to sear~ foe suitable me~ures to contrvl the infectioe of hook'mr= and other soil- trsmait~d helminthiasea in the southeast part of Unina. Two villages with population of 900-1000 were selected as experimental and control ~oup Brine flotation was used foe exa=inatiov of the e ~ s of I~ok~r~ A. lumbricoidas a.d T.trichiurs. 17~g-msitive people wers treated with Mbesdazole. The results are ~ in table. Table. Infective rates of I~x~r~ and other soil-trsns=itted helminthiases for e x ~ i ~ t o l and control group paraslt ie
infection
experiment(~)
centro I (Jl;)
1~6 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1996 1986 1988 1996
hookworm 52.3 8.6 3.2 10.2 5.4 3.1 0.5 0.6 58.0 50.3 37.4 ascariasis 60.3 28.6 37.3 64.0 44.7 38.7 9,2.4 12.5 70.0 (;8.4 34.7 trieheriasis 28.3 13.7 3.5 24.7 ]].4 7.9 3.9 4.3 32.0 ]9.0 15.8 /~e prevalence rates of h(x)kwoem, ascariasis a,d trichuriasls decreased from 52. 3%, 60. 3~ and 28. 2~ to 3. 2%, 37. ~ and 3. 5~ respectively, using A l ~ l e trice a yesr foe 2 years in 1986-1988. In 1989-1992, the i~evaleace rate of ~ continued to decrease to 0.5~,~wa the sd0jects of treatment were carried out in the mJor people who were ngg-'~sitive of hookwormin 1988. In 1993- 1996, no preventive measurea were carried out, while the infective rate of hook'¢o~ ~ about 0.6% . Hookwormlarvae werea't isolated from soil sable in experhmmtal villnge in 1996. The =esn,l'~t:lgl~in levels of sampled populations increased gradually with the frequency of treat.,lant. The average iecreaso was 2.14 g/dl foe ,,a|e and 1.78 g,/d[ foe ferule. The above date ~ that hookworm tran.~issiou basieally controlled in the study site.
%%-0008 VACCINATION TRIAL OF DOMESTIC PIG WITH RECOMBINANT PARAMYOSIN AGAINST Schistosoma japonicum IN CHINA. Chen H*, Nara T**, Zhang S °**, Kojima S** *% Hirayama K . . . . . *Jiangxi Prov. Inst. of Parasit. disc., Nanchang, PRC.,**Dept. Parasit. Juntendo Univ. Sch. Med., Tokyo, Japan, ***Dept. of Epidemiology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, PRC, ****Inst. Med. Reserch. Tokyo Univ.,Tokyo, Japan, *. . . . Dept. Med. Zool. Saitama Med. Sch.. Saitama, Japan Schistosomiasis japonica is one of the most serious public health problems in China. Extensive control program has been carried out, such as snail control, mass chemotherapy and education, for more than 20 years. National evaluation committee reported that the project was effective but not complete due to sustained low prevalence. One of the reasons is zoonosis or domestic animals, especially cattle and pigs. Therefore, we tried to vaccinate domestic pigs with reca)mbinant paramyosin to see if it is applicapable to the control of domestic animals. 11 pigs per each group of vaccination were set up. A month old piglets were immunized i.d. with 2mg of rPM and alum and 3 and 6 weeks later were boosted. Then 2 weeks later 3(10 cercariae were challenged by skin penetration. 8-10 weeks later, fecal egg count and the perfusion of the portal and mesenteric veins were performed. UV-attenuated cercariae vaccinated group showed good reduction of worm recovery ( p<0.001 ). The PM with Alum group showed slight reduction but it was not significant ( p<0.1 ). Fecal egg count was stgnificantly reduced in the vaccinated group indicating that maturation or fecundity was affected by the vaccination.
108
W-O005
GIDEON - A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR INFORMATICS, TEACHING AND DISEASE SIMULATION IN THE FIELD OF GEOGRAPHIC MEDICINE
Berqer S Tel-Avlv Medical Center,
Tel-Aviv,
W-0007
IMPACT OI" ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL ON T}tF TRANSMISSION O1: ON( "H(X "b?R("A I'OIJ'l q. ( ~S, ON('HO('IC.R( ",4 (X'HliNGI AND O'I'HER t)N( "H(X't.R( ",4 SPECIES BY SL't[l,7.11,'M 57RBAN( ;3.1IN WEST AFRICA
ISRAEL
The fields of Infectious Diseases and Medical M i c r o b i o l o g y constantly evolve and expand. Over 300 generic diseases are distributed haphazardly in time and space; and are challenged by over 240 drugs and vaccines. 1,000 pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi have been described, with everchanging phenotyplc descriptions, taxonomy and clinical relevance. GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases and EpidemiOlogy Network) is a software program consisting of four modules. The first generates a Bayesian ranked differential diagnosis based on signs, symptoms, laboratory tests and incubation period and can be used to diagnose or simulate all infectious diseases. The second module presents the epidemlology of individual diseases, including its status in each of 205 countries and regions. The third module contains the pharmacology and usage of all antlinfective drugs and vaccines. The fourth module is designed to identify any species of bacteria (mycobacteria, mycoplasmas, spirochetes, bartonellas) and yeasts; or to characterize and compare individual species or groups. The program will be demonstrated using computer projection.
Bissan Y'. Ake H F". Toe I ' . Hou,~ard J -M " • Onchoccxctasts Control Programme, Ouagadougou, Burkma Faso " Otstoro, Ouagadougou, Burkma Faso Vector control operatmns conducted from March 1q77 to December 1994 against S/#ttthllm s/rbctmtm, in a savanna area of the south-east of Mall, resulted m a Iong-lastmg mterruptmn of the transm~ssuon of the parastte of human onchocercmsns and, thus, m a sharp decrease of =ts endenuctty level T~,o years after the end of the operatnons, a mean of 16 files per 1,000 parous rites were found to be mfected by f)ncht~enza sp as against 29 ",%°for the precontrol pertod The recent avallibllib, of the DNA technics for parastte ~denttficatnon provided further poss~bilittes to apprmse the successful impact of larvtcidmg The post control results reveal a strong and nearly s=mthardecrease of the mfect~,~ty by
()nchocenu voh~th~.~ (2 02 °1oo)and (h~chocerca oc'hengt (3 32 °/oo), the parasites of human and bowne onchocerciasts respecttvel.~ On the other hand. each of these two xalues ts s,gmficantly lower than that obtaroed from fires harbourmg other Onchocerta specms ( I 0 20/oo) In spue of the non avanlabdttT of precontrol data for an accurate tdent~ficatmn of the parasite specms m~olved, these results confirm the major vectorial role of X .wrbtmwn m the transmtsston of(). vol~Tdu~ and O. (~.heagt and its less involvement m the transmtss~on of other ammal filariae
W-ON6
/l/I~ -YE/d LONGITIIOII~Ofl~VATION~ lie OaVlROL OF ~ AI(D0 1 ~ SOIL-I?Jk~II'I~I) IELWIIflIIIkSES IH TIE S111DYSITE
Li-a~r~ We,. ZMo-hue Xie. Shang-ying Yao. Ying-long Su.Y~-ping Rea. Char~-e~ Song Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Zhejiang Aeada~ of l~l]c~] Sciences. ColIeborsting Center for Research o. Itelminthieais Kangz~u, Zhejia~, People's Republic of China (3Z0013/ The objective of the project ~ to sear~ foe suitable me~ures to contrvl the infectioe of hook'mr= and other soil- trsmait~d helminthiasea in the southeast part of Unina. Two villages with population of 900-1000 were selected as experimental and control ~oup Brine flotation was used foe exa=inatiov of the e ~ s of I~ok~r~ A. lumbricoidas a.d T.trichiurs. 17~g-msitive people wers treated with Mbesdazole. The results are ~ in table. Table. Infective rates of I~x~r~ and other soil-trsns=itted helminthiases for e x ~ i ~ t o l and control group paraslt ie
infection
experiment(~)
centro I (Jl;)
1~6 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1996 1986 1988 1996
hookworm 52.3 8.6 3.2 10.2 5.4 3.1 0.5 0.6 58.0 50.3 37.4 ascariasis 60.3 28.6 37.3 64.0 44.7 38.7 9,2.4 12.5 70.0 (;8.4 34.7 trieheriasis 28.3 13.7 3.5 24.7 ]].4 7.9 3.9 4.3 32.0 ]9.0 15.8 /~e prevalence rates of h(x)kwoem, ascariasis a,d trichuriasls decreased from 52. 3%, 60. 3~ and 28. 2~ to 3. 2%, 37. ~ and 3. 5~ respectively, using A l ~ l e trice a yesr foe 2 years in 1986-1988. In 1989-1992, the i~evaleace rate of ~ continued to decrease to 0.5~,~wa the sd0jects of treatment were carried out in the mJor people who were ngg-'~sitive of hookwormin 1988. In 1993- 1996, no preventive measurea were carried out, while the infective rate of hook'¢o~ ~ about 0.6% . Hookwormlarvae werea't isolated from soil sable in experhmmtal villnge in 1996. The =esn,l'~t:lgl~in levels of sampled populations increased gradually with the frequency of treat.,lant. The average iecreaso was 2.14 g/dl foe ,,a|e and 1.78 g,/d[ foe ferule. The above date ~ that hookworm tran.~issiou basieally controlled in the study site.
%%-0008 VACCINATION TRIAL OF DOMESTIC PIG WITH RECOMBINANT PARAMYOSIN AGAINST Schistosoma japonicum IN CHINA. Chen H*, Nara T**, Zhang S °**, Kojima S** *% Hirayama K . . . . . *Jiangxi Prov. Inst. of Parasit. disc., Nanchang, PRC.,**Dept. Parasit. Juntendo Univ. Sch. Med., Tokyo, Japan, ***Dept. of Epidemiology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, PRC, ****Inst. Med. Reserch. Tokyo Univ.,Tokyo, Japan, *. . . . Dept. Med. Zool. Saitama Med. Sch.. Saitama, Japan Schistosomiasis japonica is one of the most serious public health problems in China. Extensive control program has been carried out, such as snail control, mass chemotherapy and education, for more than 20 years. National evaluation committee reported that the project was effective but not complete due to sustained low prevalence. One of the reasons is zoonosis or domestic animals, especially cattle and pigs. Therefore, we tried to vaccinate domestic pigs with reca)mbinant paramyosin to see if it is applicapable to the control of domestic animals. 11 pigs per each group of vaccination were set up. A month old piglets were immunized i.d. with 2mg of rPM and alum and 3 and 6 weeks later were boosted. Then 2 weeks later 3(10 cercariae were challenged by skin penetration. 8-10 weeks later, fecal egg count and the perfusion of the portal and mesenteric veins were performed. UV-attenuated cercariae vaccinated group showed good reduction of worm recovery ( p<0.001 ). The PM with Alum group showed slight reduction but it was not significant ( p<0.1 ). Fecal egg count was stgnificantly reduced in the vaccinated group indicating that maturation or fecundity was affected by the vaccination.