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Impact of ready-to-eat cereal consumption on the nutrient intakes of American adults in 1998–99
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TUESDAY,OCTOBER23
POSTERSESSION:COMMUNITYNUTRITIONAND PUBLICHEALTH/NUTRITIONALSCIENCES TITLE: A HOSPITAL EMPLOYEE CHOLESTEROL CHALLENGE USING SPREADS CONTAINING PLANT STANOL ESTERS TO HELP REDUCE TOTAL AND LDL-CHOLESTEROL AUTHOR(S): F.E. Fitzgerald, MA, RD; B.L. Thayer, MS, RD,CDE; J.K. Ehrman, Ph.D.; S.J. Keteylan, Ph.D.; R. Jarvls, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; P.A. McCullough, M.D., MPH, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO. LEARNING OUTCOME: Regardless of other dietary changes, i.e. changes in saturated fat intake, eating spreads with a plant stanol ester (PSE) three times per day can significantly lower LDL-C blood levels.
TITLE:
A HLOT STUDY TO ASSESS CALCIUM INTAKE AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WHO ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR LEAD POISONING AUTHOR(S): C.M. Santagata, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; J.B. Bussel, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N J; D.P. Keenan, MS, PhD, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. L E A R N I N G OUTCOME: The participant will be able to identify select behaviors found to increase milk consumption as a means of decreasing the effects of lead poisoning in children.
ABSTRACT TEXT: Previous randomized, placebo controlled trials have demonstrated a diet with 3 grams of plant stanol ester (PSE) per day can reduce cholesterol (LDL-C) by 15%. The design of these trials has negated the impact of patient self-selectlon bias, and hence, may have underestimated individual beneficial effects. Sixteen healthy health-care workers volunteered for a "cholesterol challenge" and underwent point of care LDL-C testing with inunedlate feedback. They were instructed to follow their present diet with the addition of 3 grams of PSE per day. They were encouraged to continue with their present diet and exercise pattern. No patient was on a lipid lowering medication. The mean age was 47±18, 75% were female. The baseline percent calories from fat was 30%, saturated fat was 14% and the baseline LDL-C was 160±13 mg/dl. After 4 weeks, the percent calories from saturated fat inerased to 22% (p ~ 0.05) and LDL-C was reduced to 130~29. The mean relative reduction in LDL-C was 18.7%, 95% CI 8.9-28.5, p=0.001. Among people interested in lowering their cholesterol, a simple "cholesterol challenge" and a diet supplemented with 3 grams of PSE per day can lower LDL-C by 18.7~ which is similar to PSE randomized trials. This occurred despite an increase in saturated fat intake.
ABSTRACT TEXT: Approximately 48% of the children age 1 to 8 years old, living in Newark, NJ suffer from lead poisoning. Lead poisoning in children can result in learning disabilities, hyperactivity, behavioral problems, and decreased muscle and bone growth. Adequate calcium intake has been found to decrease lead poisoning risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of calcium available in the planned menu, the amount of calcium offered, and the amount of calcium consumed in nine Head Start sites in Newark, NJ. Over a two-week period, the average amount of calcium available in the planned menu was 853.6mg±188.7; the average calcium offered was 975.9mg±499.6; and the average calcium consumed was 630.9mg~340.8mg. Although these average values are sufficient, children in five classes consumed less than 67% of the Reference Daily Intake for calcium. A higher level of calcium consumption was characterized by more milk being offered than planned, teacher encouragement, and milk placed in reach of the children. Additional research is needed to identify barriers and facilitators for milk consumption in regions characterized by high levels of lead in the environment.
TITLE: DIETARy HABITS OF COLLEGE FRESHMEN
TITLE: IMPACT OF READY-TO-EAT CEREAL CONSUMPTION ON THE NUTRIENT INTAKES OF AMERICAN ADULTS IN 1998-99.
AUTHOR(S):A. Cates, B S and D.K. Sullivan, PhD, RD University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. and University otKansas, Lawrence, KS.
AUTHOR(S): SJ Crockett PhD, RD, RC Tobelmann MS, RD, LD, AM Albertson MS, RD, LD, and MT Goebel. The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc. Minneapolis, MN
LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate if selected Healthy People 2010 objectives and Dietary Reference Intakes are being met by college freshmen. ABSTRACT TEXT: Ninety-three college freshmen ages 17-23 years completed a multiple-pass 24-hour recall from the previous weekday to assess usual dietary intake. Using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R version 4.03), 24 hour recalls were assessed for mean dietary intakes of energy from fat and saturated fat, five vitamins (C, A, D, E, folate) and three minerals (calcium, iron, zinc). Mean intakes of fat and saturated fat were significantly greater than Healthy People 2010 goals (530% and <10% ofkilocalories from total fat and saturated fat, respectively) in males (34.9+9.2%, 12.4+3.8%), but not females (3 h 1+8.8%, 11.1+3.9%). Significant differences (p<0.05) from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) were found for group mean intakes of the following: vitamin C intake (114.5+84.9mg) was significantly greater than the DRI in females ages 17-18, vitamin E (9.8+3.9mg) was significantly less than the DRI ir males ages 17-18, iron (t6.8+13.2mg) was significantly greater than the DRI in males ages 19-23 and zinc (11.6+5.5mg) was significantly less than the DRI in males ages 17-18. No significant differences were found for mean intakes of vitamins A, D, folate and calcium when comparing intakes to the DRls. The DRI Committee recommends using Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) to estimate the nutrient adequacy of groups. Thus, when comparing the data to EARs, all groups were significantly (p<0.05) below the EAR for vitamins A, C, D and folate, calcium, and iron. Only vitamin E and zinc met the EAR for gender and age. In conclusion, it is important to compare dietary intakes to more than one standard to assess significance. Group means may overestimate adequacy due to individuals with high intakes increasing the group mean. Intakes should be compared to the EARs as recommended by the DRI committee. Further research is needed to assess the risk of inadequate diets of college students.
A-IO0 / S e p t e m b e r 2001 S u p p l e m e n t Volume 101 N u m b e r 9
LEARNING OUTCOME: Regular, frequent consumption of ready-to-eat cereal (8 or more times in 14 days) at breakfast can significantly improve the nutrient intake of adults for both breakfast and the total day.
ABSTRACT TEXT: The importance of breakfast consumption and the relationship to positive nutrient intake profiles has long been recognized and ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals, with their unique fortification profiles, have been a staple breakfast food item for many decades. This study analyzes 14-day diets of a nationally representative sample of 1885 adults collected from February 1998 through February 1999. Results indicate 60% of adults consume some type of breakfast every day. The vast majority (90+%) of ready-to-eat cereal is consumed at breakfast for all ages, however the popularity and frequency of RTE cereal consumption varies by age and gender. Approximately 65% of adults consumed cereal at least once in the two-week collection period. The mean cereal consumption was 3 servings in 14 days. For analysis purposes the adults were classified as either infrequent cereal eaters (0-7 times/14-days) or frequent cereal eaters (8+ times/14-days). Frequent cereal eaters had significantly lower intakes of fat and cholesterol. Frequent cereal eaters consumed more dietary fiber and had higher intakes of 12 vitamins and minerals than infrequent cereal eaters, for both breakfast and the total day. Breakfast intake of calcium, vitamin E and magnesium was not significantly different for frequent and infrequent cereal eaters.
....................................................
J,-
TUESDAY,OCTOBER23
POSTERSESSION:COMMUNITYNUTRITIONAND PUBLICHEALTH/NUTRITIONALSCIENCES TITLE: A HOSPITAL EMPLOYEE CHOLESTEROL CHALLENGE USING SPREADS CONTAINING PLANT STANOL ESTERS TO HELP REDUCE TOTAL AND LDL-CHOLESTEROL AUTHOR(S): F.E. Fitzgerald, MA, RD; B.L. Thayer, MS, RD,CDE; J.K. Ehrman, Ph.D.; S.J. Keteylan, Ph.D.; R. Jarvls, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; P.A. McCullough, M.D., MPH, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO. LEARNING OUTCOME: Regardless of other dietary changes, i.e. changes in saturated fat intake, eating spreads with a plant stanol ester (PSE) three times per day can significantly lower LDL-C blood levels.
TITLE:
A HLOT STUDY TO ASSESS CALCIUM INTAKE AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WHO ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR LEAD POISONING AUTHOR(S): C.M. Santagata, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; J.B. Bussel, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N J; D.P. Keenan, MS, PhD, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. L E A R N I N G OUTCOME: The participant will be able to identify select behaviors found to increase milk consumption as a means of decreasing the effects of lead poisoning in children.
ABSTRACT TEXT: Previous randomized, placebo controlled trials have demonstrated a diet with 3 grams of plant stanol ester (PSE) per day can reduce cholesterol (LDL-C) by 15%. The design of these trials has negated the impact of patient self-selectlon bias, and hence, may have underestimated individual beneficial effects. Sixteen healthy health-care workers volunteered for a "cholesterol challenge" and underwent point of care LDL-C testing with inunedlate feedback. They were instructed to follow their present diet with the addition of 3 grams of PSE per day. They were encouraged to continue with their present diet and exercise pattern. No patient was on a lipid lowering medication. The mean age was 47±18, 75% were female. The baseline percent calories from fat was 30%, saturated fat was 14% and the baseline LDL-C was 160±13 mg/dl. After 4 weeks, the percent calories from saturated fat inerased to 22% (p ~ 0.05) and LDL-C was reduced to 130~29. The mean relative reduction in LDL-C was 18.7%, 95% CI 8.9-28.5, p=0.001. Among people interested in lowering their cholesterol, a simple "cholesterol challenge" and a diet supplemented with 3 grams of PSE per day can lower LDL-C by 18.7~ which is similar to PSE randomized trials. This occurred despite an increase in saturated fat intake.
ABSTRACT TEXT: Approximately 48% of the children age 1 to 8 years old, living in Newark, NJ suffer from lead poisoning. Lead poisoning in children can result in learning disabilities, hyperactivity, behavioral problems, and decreased muscle and bone growth. Adequate calcium intake has been found to decrease lead poisoning risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of calcium available in the planned menu, the amount of calcium offered, and the amount of calcium consumed in nine Head Start sites in Newark, NJ. Over a two-week period, the average amount of calcium available in the planned menu was 853.6mg±188.7; the average calcium offered was 975.9mg±499.6; and the average calcium consumed was 630.9mg~340.8mg. Although these average values are sufficient, children in five classes consumed less than 67% of the Reference Daily Intake for calcium. A higher level of calcium consumption was characterized by more milk being offered than planned, teacher encouragement, and milk placed in reach of the children. Additional research is needed to identify barriers and facilitators for milk consumption in regions characterized by high levels of lead in the environment.
TITLE: DIETARy HABITS OF COLLEGE FRESHMEN
TITLE: IMPACT OF READY-TO-EAT CEREAL CONSUMPTION ON THE NUTRIENT INTAKES OF AMERICAN ADULTS IN 1998-99.
AUTHOR(S):A. Cates, B S and D.K. Sullivan, PhD, RD University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. and University otKansas, Lawrence, KS.
AUTHOR(S): SJ Crockett PhD, RD, RC Tobelmann MS, RD, LD, AM Albertson MS, RD, LD, and MT Goebel. The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc. Minneapolis, MN
LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate if selected Healthy People 2010 objectives and Dietary Reference Intakes are being met by college freshmen. ABSTRACT TEXT: Ninety-three college freshmen ages 17-23 years completed a multiple-pass 24-hour recall from the previous weekday to assess usual dietary intake. Using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R version 4.03), 24 hour recalls were assessed for mean dietary intakes of energy from fat and saturated fat, five vitamins (C, A, D, E, folate) and three minerals (calcium, iron, zinc). Mean intakes of fat and saturated fat were significantly greater than Healthy People 2010 goals (530% and <10% ofkilocalories from total fat and saturated fat, respectively) in males (34.9+9.2%, 12.4+3.8%), but not females (3 h 1+8.8%, 11.1+3.9%). Significant differences (p<0.05) from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) were found for group mean intakes of the following: vitamin C intake (114.5+84.9mg) was significantly greater than the DRI in females ages 17-18, vitamin E (9.8+3.9mg) was significantly less than the DRI ir males ages 17-18, iron (t6.8+13.2mg) was significantly greater than the DRI in males ages 19-23 and zinc (11.6+5.5mg) was significantly less than the DRI in males ages 17-18. No significant differences were found for mean intakes of vitamins A, D, folate and calcium when comparing intakes to the DRls. The DRI Committee recommends using Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) to estimate the nutrient adequacy of groups. Thus, when comparing the data to EARs, all groups were significantly (p<0.05) below the EAR for vitamins A, C, D and folate, calcium, and iron. Only vitamin E and zinc met the EAR for gender and age. In conclusion, it is important to compare dietary intakes to more than one standard to assess significance. Group means may overestimate adequacy due to individuals with high intakes increasing the group mean. Intakes should be compared to the EARs as recommended by the DRI committee. Further research is needed to assess the risk of inadequate diets of college students.
A-IO0 / S e p t e m b e r 2001 S u p p l e m e n t Volume 101 N u m b e r 9
LEARNING OUTCOME: Regular, frequent consumption of ready-to-eat cereal (8 or more times in 14 days) at breakfast can significantly improve the nutrient intake of adults for both breakfast and the total day.
ABSTRACT TEXT: The importance of breakfast consumption and the relationship to positive nutrient intake profiles has long been recognized and ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals, with their unique fortification profiles, have been a staple breakfast food item for many decades. This study analyzes 14-day diets of a nationally representative sample of 1885 adults collected from February 1998 through February 1999. Results indicate 60% of adults consume some type of breakfast every day. The vast majority (90+%) of ready-to-eat cereal is consumed at breakfast for all ages, however the popularity and frequency of RTE cereal consumption varies by age and gender. Approximately 65% of adults consumed cereal at least once in the two-week collection period. The mean cereal consumption was 3 servings in 14 days. For analysis purposes the adults were classified as either infrequent cereal eaters (0-7 times/14-days) or frequent cereal eaters (8+ times/14-days). Frequent cereal eaters had significantly lower intakes of fat and cholesterol. Frequent cereal eaters consumed more dietary fiber and had higher intakes of 12 vitamins and minerals than infrequent cereal eaters, for both breakfast and the total day. Breakfast intake of calcium, vitamin E and magnesium was not significantly different for frequent and infrequent cereal eaters.