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IMPROVED ANÆSTHETIC APPARATUS
938 view the effect of any, action on even the most distantt parts of the body, and hence on its form ; yet perhaps this would be foreign to the idea of the author and would teud to widen the scope of the book too much. The work is well produced in every way.
Although so brief a time experimental observations
has
since the first made in this field, it is remarkable that the story as present’-" in this book should be so consecutive, and aisc ifying 1 be that results of such great importance published in a form that anyone with only ;light The Gray’s Anatomy. Twenty-secon.d edition. Edited knowledge of physics and chemistry can benefit. by ROBERT HOWDEN. London : Longmans, specialist will find the numerous references tofinal Green and Co. 1923. Pp. 1378. 42s. papers and the notes given at the end of the book A BOOK which has passed into its twenty-second invaluable. edition may be considered to be beyond criticism. Prof. Howden’s able editorship during the last 20 years has made " Gray " what it is to-day, an English text-book of anatomy second to none. A good feature of the work to English or British eyes for many years IMPROVED ANÆSTHETIC APPARATUS has been the prominence justly given to work done at Two small modifications of everyday anaesthetic home, and in this matter the present edition has not fallen behind its predecessors. It is thoroughly apparatus have proved useful and may be of interest. up-to-date. Gray’s Anatomy has always been a 1. An improved airway which, as shown by the favourite with English students, and the oldest among illustration, consists of an ordinary airway of the us remember it as a sheet-anchor when at sea in early Phillips type, to the mouth-piece of which is fitted a days ; if we regret the change in nomenclature which removable and reversible metal elbow-piece similar to has been adopted, it does not lessen our affection for Clayton’s, and of only sufficient length to afford firm the book, though it may affect the frequency of our attachment to a thick-walled rubber tube of 2-in. bore. consultations. The present edition has some 60 new figures and has been revised in general, and is worthy of the place of honour it occupies.
elapsed
were
<.
New Inventions.
PUBLIC HEALTH. G. AITCHISON ROBERTSON, M.D. London : W. By Baillière, Tindall and Cox. 1923. Pp. 160. 3s.6d. THIS volume is designed to refresh the memory of the student as to the main facts in the various subjects in public health, and the useful role has been fulfilled. The book makes the usual survey of hygiene and public health, successive chapters dealing with meteorology, air ventilation and heating, watersupply, house sanitation, drainage, disposal of sewage, house and hospital construction, food, disinfection, infection, infectious diseases, the soil and disposal of the dead, diseases due to occupation, schools and medical inspection, vital statistics, and sanitary administration. The summary of these subjects which can be made in 160 pages is necessarily sketchy and such curtailment of statements implies not only omissions of important matter, but also the inclusion of statements which need expansion and even modification to render them useful and accurate. Assuming, however, that the student has studied larger volumes, and above all has engaged in the various branches of public health work, heswill find the volume useful. AIDS
TO
bore angular tube is fitted into this elbow that its outer end forms a nipple for attaching to the delivery tube of any anaesthetic apparatus, the inner end being prolonged within the airway by a thin rubber tube of nearly equal length. When used with chloroform from a Junker, a short length of rubber tube of wide bore may be attached to carry away the anaesthetic vapour trom the operation areae.g., in ophthalmic operations. By increasing the length of this tube a degree of re-breathing may be obtained, whilst when gas and oxygen is used a bag is attached to the end of the tube. The small bag from a Clover’s apparatus has usually been used, with the tap open to serve as a blow off ; it is connected RADIOACTIVITY. up with a special adapter and clipped in a convenient By KASIMIR FAJANS. Translated from the fourth position at the edge of or below the table. German edition by T. S. WHEELER, B.Sc., 2. A modified three-way (Barth’s) gas-valve. The A.R.C.Sc.L, A.I.C., and W. G. KING. London: passages through this valve are, as a rule, rather Methuen and Co., Ltd. 1923. Pp. 138. 8s. 6d. narrow, but when in the usual position for gas Prof. Fajans’s book has been well known to specialist and oxygen administration—i.e., that giving a workers in physics and chemistry, and such will partial re-breathing-it will be seen that the welcome the translation, as it will present an extremely available airway is much restricted by the rotating readable account of radioactivity and cognate lines septum to which the inner (inspiratory) valve of work to a much wider circle of readers. It may be is fixed. Further, if left wet this valve is liable said at once that, although hardly a literal transla- to stick. In use, unless accurately adjusted and tion, the enthusiasm of Fajans for this branch of watched, the action of the valve causes emptying work, so apparent in the original German, is not lost of the bag. The inspiratory valve has therefore in the English edition. The wonderful developments been entirely removed, which permits of all which have taken place since Becquerel’s discovery openings being enlarged. In use, the amount of of radioactivity in 1896, including the isolation of re-breathing depends on the rate of flow of the gases, radium and other radioactive substances, the trans- the bag being always filled by expiration. The formation products, and their position in relation to escape of expiratory gases from the bag is controlled the ordinary chemical elements in the periodic table, by the degree of closure of the expiratory valve The nature of isotropes, both those only, an additional " click " being provided to are described. whose origin can be traced as degradation products of keep this valve in its usual working position-i.e., radioactive elements and those which have been about half closed. In addition, an adjustable shown by positive ray analysis to occur in common elbow is fitted over the expiratory valve mounting, elements, and the effect of these discoveries on and carries away expired gases by a rubber tube chemical theory, are dealt with in a most lucid manner. below the table. The makers are Messrs. Coxeter and Son, PancrasThe nature of the atom, the decomposition of some atoms by rapidly moving particles, such as rays, road. London. N.W. follow as a natural sequence to the earlier chapters. R. J. CLAUSEN, M.B., B.S. Lond. London, N.W. ‘
A
so
narrow
Although so brief a time experimental observations
has
since the first made in this field, it is remarkable that the story as present’-" in this book should be so consecutive, and aisc ifying 1 be that results of such great importance published in a form that anyone with only ;light The Gray’s Anatomy. Twenty-secon.d edition. Edited knowledge of physics and chemistry can benefit. by ROBERT HOWDEN. London : Longmans, specialist will find the numerous references tofinal Green and Co. 1923. Pp. 1378. 42s. papers and the notes given at the end of the book A BOOK which has passed into its twenty-second invaluable. edition may be considered to be beyond criticism. Prof. Howden’s able editorship during the last 20 years has made " Gray " what it is to-day, an English text-book of anatomy second to none. A good feature of the work to English or British eyes for many years IMPROVED ANÆSTHETIC APPARATUS has been the prominence justly given to work done at Two small modifications of everyday anaesthetic home, and in this matter the present edition has not fallen behind its predecessors. It is thoroughly apparatus have proved useful and may be of interest. up-to-date. Gray’s Anatomy has always been a 1. An improved airway which, as shown by the favourite with English students, and the oldest among illustration, consists of an ordinary airway of the us remember it as a sheet-anchor when at sea in early Phillips type, to the mouth-piece of which is fitted a days ; if we regret the change in nomenclature which removable and reversible metal elbow-piece similar to has been adopted, it does not lessen our affection for Clayton’s, and of only sufficient length to afford firm the book, though it may affect the frequency of our attachment to a thick-walled rubber tube of 2-in. bore. consultations. The present edition has some 60 new figures and has been revised in general, and is worthy of the place of honour it occupies.
elapsed
were
<.
New Inventions.
PUBLIC HEALTH. G. AITCHISON ROBERTSON, M.D. London : W. By Baillière, Tindall and Cox. 1923. Pp. 160. 3s.6d. THIS volume is designed to refresh the memory of the student as to the main facts in the various subjects in public health, and the useful role has been fulfilled. The book makes the usual survey of hygiene and public health, successive chapters dealing with meteorology, air ventilation and heating, watersupply, house sanitation, drainage, disposal of sewage, house and hospital construction, food, disinfection, infection, infectious diseases, the soil and disposal of the dead, diseases due to occupation, schools and medical inspection, vital statistics, and sanitary administration. The summary of these subjects which can be made in 160 pages is necessarily sketchy and such curtailment of statements implies not only omissions of important matter, but also the inclusion of statements which need expansion and even modification to render them useful and accurate. Assuming, however, that the student has studied larger volumes, and above all has engaged in the various branches of public health work, heswill find the volume useful. AIDS
TO
bore angular tube is fitted into this elbow that its outer end forms a nipple for attaching to the delivery tube of any anaesthetic apparatus, the inner end being prolonged within the airway by a thin rubber tube of nearly equal length. When used with chloroform from a Junker, a short length of rubber tube of wide bore may be attached to carry away the anaesthetic vapour trom the operation areae.g., in ophthalmic operations. By increasing the length of this tube a degree of re-breathing may be obtained, whilst when gas and oxygen is used a bag is attached to the end of the tube. The small bag from a Clover’s apparatus has usually been used, with the tap open to serve as a blow off ; it is connected RADIOACTIVITY. up with a special adapter and clipped in a convenient By KASIMIR FAJANS. Translated from the fourth position at the edge of or below the table. German edition by T. S. WHEELER, B.Sc., 2. A modified three-way (Barth’s) gas-valve. The A.R.C.Sc.L, A.I.C., and W. G. KING. London: passages through this valve are, as a rule, rather Methuen and Co., Ltd. 1923. Pp. 138. 8s. 6d. narrow, but when in the usual position for gas Prof. Fajans’s book has been well known to specialist and oxygen administration—i.e., that giving a workers in physics and chemistry, and such will partial re-breathing-it will be seen that the welcome the translation, as it will present an extremely available airway is much restricted by the rotating readable account of radioactivity and cognate lines septum to which the inner (inspiratory) valve of work to a much wider circle of readers. It may be is fixed. Further, if left wet this valve is liable said at once that, although hardly a literal transla- to stick. In use, unless accurately adjusted and tion, the enthusiasm of Fajans for this branch of watched, the action of the valve causes emptying work, so apparent in the original German, is not lost of the bag. The inspiratory valve has therefore in the English edition. The wonderful developments been entirely removed, which permits of all which have taken place since Becquerel’s discovery openings being enlarged. In use, the amount of of radioactivity in 1896, including the isolation of re-breathing depends on the rate of flow of the gases, radium and other radioactive substances, the trans- the bag being always filled by expiration. The formation products, and their position in relation to escape of expiratory gases from the bag is controlled the ordinary chemical elements in the periodic table, by the degree of closure of the expiratory valve The nature of isotropes, both those only, an additional " click " being provided to are described. whose origin can be traced as degradation products of keep this valve in its usual working position-i.e., radioactive elements and those which have been about half closed. In addition, an adjustable shown by positive ray analysis to occur in common elbow is fitted over the expiratory valve mounting, elements, and the effect of these discoveries on and carries away expired gases by a rubber tube chemical theory, are dealt with in a most lucid manner. below the table. The makers are Messrs. Coxeter and Son, PancrasThe nature of the atom, the decomposition of some atoms by rapidly moving particles, such as rays, road. London. N.W. follow as a natural sequence to the earlier chapters. R. J. CLAUSEN, M.B., B.S. Lond. London, N.W. ‘
A
so
narrow