- Email: [email protected]
In vitro antibacterial activities of grape, Vitis vinifera, vinegar against Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Abstracts / Fish & Shellfish Immunology 53 (2016) 94e124 x Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Hu).
O-056. Implication of biological and synthetic nanoparticles in evolution and development of antibiotic resistance relevant for aquaculture Petter Langlete§, Hanne C. Winther-Larsen, Julia I. Tandberg.
113
properties of this vinegar is known to be therapeutic for human health in many diseases. The present study showed that it is also being found to be effective against fish pathogen. The results confirmed that the grape vinegar would be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture for the control of infection which caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum pathogen. Keywords: Grape vinegar, In vitro, bacteria, agar well diffusion, Flavobacterium psychrophilum x Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Kubilay).
School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 2 A, 0371 Oslo, Norway Abstract The endemic intracellular pathogens Francisella noatunensis and Piscirickettsia salmonis are among the most severe threats to the worldwide fish farming industry, as there are currently no satisfactory vaccines available. The bacteria induce quite similar diseases, francisellosis and rickettsiosis, which are characterized by symptoms like discoloration, reduced swimming ability, swollen kidney and spleen, formation of granulomas and occasionally high mortalities, especially in farming enclosures. The bacteria have been shown to secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which have been proposed as vaccine candidates for the pathogens, but they have shown mixed protection and extremely varying levels of virulence, even among very similar subspecies. In conjunction with these vaccine experiments, the proteomics of the OMVs have been mapped to some extent, but their possible content of RNA and DNA is largely unexplored. OMVs from other Gram-negative sources have been shown to carry DNA and transfer resistance genes between bacteria, so there is significant reason to suspect that this is the case with F. noatunensis and P. salmonis as well. Furthermore, little is known on whether specific sequences of DNA are preferentially secreted in these OMVs, or if the inclusion is merely a random fragment of the genome or any present plasmid. It is known that the genomes of some Francisella spp. are populated by transposable elements, and bacterial transposons are known for their ability to transmit antibiotic resistance. This naturally raises the concern of how the use of OMVs as vaccines could be affecting the rate of which antibiotic resistance genes are transferred within the bacterial population. With these considerations in mind, the aim of the project is 1) to confirm or disprove the presence of DNA in OMVs from F. noatunensis and P. salmonis, 2) Get quantitative sequence data on this content to assess preferential packing of DNA and 3) attempt horizontal antibiotic resistance gene transfer by OMVs. Keywords: Francisella, Piscirickettsia, vaccine, antibiotic resistance, evolution x Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Langlete).
O-058. Induction of cell-mediated immune responses after vaccination with inactivated oil-emulsion Nocardia seriolae in amberjack Seriola dumerili Kyosuke Araki 1, *, Megumi Matsumoto 2, Kazuma Hayashi 1, Atsushi Yamamoto 2. 1 Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan 2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
Nocrdia seriolae is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium that causes Nocardiosis in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and amberjack Seriola dumerili, which results in serious economic losses in aquaculture production in Japan. Therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. In mammlals, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays crucial role in protection from intracellular pathogen infection. In the present study, induction of cell-mediated immune response was evaluated in amberjack injected with formalin-killed N. seriolae vaccine containing oil adjuvant. Fish were sensitized with N. seriolae FKC alone or oil-emulsion of FKC (O-FKC) at 108 CFU/fish by i.p. injection. After 8 months, fish were challenged by i.p. injection with 106 CFU/fish of live N. seriolae. Agglutination titer in FKCvaccinated fish showed high values (25 to 27) whereas those in O-FKC injected fish wewe less than 23 at Day3 and Day7 post-challenge. In addition, gene expression level of IFNg was up-regulated only in O-FKC injected fish at Day3 post-infection. Moreover, although Th2-skewing condition was confirmed in FKC-vaccinated fish, O-FKC vaccination induced predominance of Th1 but not Th2 based on gene expression analysis of T-bet/Gata-3 at Day 7 post-challenge. Relative percent survivals of FKC- and O-FKC-vaccinated fish were 26.9% and 43.6%, respectively at Day 9. These results suggest that inactivated oil-emulsion N. seriolae vaccine exhibit CMI-inducing effect in fish. Keywords: Cell-mediated immunity, Vaccine, Intracellular pathogen, Oil adjuvant, Th1/Th2, IFNg
O-057. In vitro antibacterial activities of grape, Vitis vinifera, vinegar against Flavobacterium psychrophilum
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: araki@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp (K. Araki).
Aysegül Kubilay§, Ahmet Duru. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, SüleymanDemirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of grape vinegar against F. psychrophilum.The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion assays. The vinegar was tested against two strains of F.psychrophilum.While the highest inhibition zone diameter of grape vinegar was determined as 60 mm, the lowest was 47mm against to the pathogen. Grape vinegar displayed potent antibacterial activity against the tested two strains of bacteria with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging between 60 mm and 47 mm. Antibacterial and immunostimulant
O-059. Long-term tryptophan supplementation decreased the welfare and innate immune status of pikeperch juveniles Syaghalirwa N.M. Mandiki 1, *, §, Baptiste Redivo 1, *, €glund 2, *, S ebastien Baekelandt 1, *, Jessica Douxfils 1, *, Ivar Lund 2, *, Erik Ho Patrick Kestemont 1,*. 1 Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium 2 Technical University of Denmark, Section Aquaculture, Nordsøen Forskerpark/The North Sea Science Park P.O. Box 101, Denmark
O-056. Implication of biological and synthetic nanoparticles in evolution and development of antibiotic resistance relevant for aquaculture Petter Langlete§, Hanne C. Winther-Larsen, Julia I. Tandberg.
113
properties of this vinegar is known to be therapeutic for human health in many diseases. The present study showed that it is also being found to be effective against fish pathogen. The results confirmed that the grape vinegar would be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture for the control of infection which caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum pathogen. Keywords: Grape vinegar, In vitro, bacteria, agar well diffusion, Flavobacterium psychrophilum x Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Kubilay).
School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 2 A, 0371 Oslo, Norway Abstract The endemic intracellular pathogens Francisella noatunensis and Piscirickettsia salmonis are among the most severe threats to the worldwide fish farming industry, as there are currently no satisfactory vaccines available. The bacteria induce quite similar diseases, francisellosis and rickettsiosis, which are characterized by symptoms like discoloration, reduced swimming ability, swollen kidney and spleen, formation of granulomas and occasionally high mortalities, especially in farming enclosures. The bacteria have been shown to secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which have been proposed as vaccine candidates for the pathogens, but they have shown mixed protection and extremely varying levels of virulence, even among very similar subspecies. In conjunction with these vaccine experiments, the proteomics of the OMVs have been mapped to some extent, but their possible content of RNA and DNA is largely unexplored. OMVs from other Gram-negative sources have been shown to carry DNA and transfer resistance genes between bacteria, so there is significant reason to suspect that this is the case with F. noatunensis and P. salmonis as well. Furthermore, little is known on whether specific sequences of DNA are preferentially secreted in these OMVs, or if the inclusion is merely a random fragment of the genome or any present plasmid. It is known that the genomes of some Francisella spp. are populated by transposable elements, and bacterial transposons are known for their ability to transmit antibiotic resistance. This naturally raises the concern of how the use of OMVs as vaccines could be affecting the rate of which antibiotic resistance genes are transferred within the bacterial population. With these considerations in mind, the aim of the project is 1) to confirm or disprove the presence of DNA in OMVs from F. noatunensis and P. salmonis, 2) Get quantitative sequence data on this content to assess preferential packing of DNA and 3) attempt horizontal antibiotic resistance gene transfer by OMVs. Keywords: Francisella, Piscirickettsia, vaccine, antibiotic resistance, evolution x Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Langlete).
O-058. Induction of cell-mediated immune responses after vaccination with inactivated oil-emulsion Nocardia seriolae in amberjack Seriola dumerili Kyosuke Araki 1, *, Megumi Matsumoto 2, Kazuma Hayashi 1, Atsushi Yamamoto 2. 1 Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan 2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
Nocrdia seriolae is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium that causes Nocardiosis in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and amberjack Seriola dumerili, which results in serious economic losses in aquaculture production in Japan. Therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. In mammlals, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays crucial role in protection from intracellular pathogen infection. In the present study, induction of cell-mediated immune response was evaluated in amberjack injected with formalin-killed N. seriolae vaccine containing oil adjuvant. Fish were sensitized with N. seriolae FKC alone or oil-emulsion of FKC (O-FKC) at 108 CFU/fish by i.p. injection. After 8 months, fish were challenged by i.p. injection with 106 CFU/fish of live N. seriolae. Agglutination titer in FKCvaccinated fish showed high values (25 to 27) whereas those in O-FKC injected fish wewe less than 23 at Day3 and Day7 post-challenge. In addition, gene expression level of IFNg was up-regulated only in O-FKC injected fish at Day3 post-infection. Moreover, although Th2-skewing condition was confirmed in FKC-vaccinated fish, O-FKC vaccination induced predominance of Th1 but not Th2 based on gene expression analysis of T-bet/Gata-3 at Day 7 post-challenge. Relative percent survivals of FKC- and O-FKC-vaccinated fish were 26.9% and 43.6%, respectively at Day 9. These results suggest that inactivated oil-emulsion N. seriolae vaccine exhibit CMI-inducing effect in fish. Keywords: Cell-mediated immunity, Vaccine, Intracellular pathogen, Oil adjuvant, Th1/Th2, IFNg
O-057. In vitro antibacterial activities of grape, Vitis vinifera, vinegar against Flavobacterium psychrophilum
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: araki@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp (K. Araki).
Aysegül Kubilay§, Ahmet Duru. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, SüleymanDemirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of grape vinegar against F. psychrophilum.The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion assays. The vinegar was tested against two strains of F.psychrophilum.While the highest inhibition zone diameter of grape vinegar was determined as 60 mm, the lowest was 47mm against to the pathogen. Grape vinegar displayed potent antibacterial activity against the tested two strains of bacteria with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging between 60 mm and 47 mm. Antibacterial and immunostimulant
O-059. Long-term tryptophan supplementation decreased the welfare and innate immune status of pikeperch juveniles Syaghalirwa N.M. Mandiki 1, *, §, Baptiste Redivo 1, *, €glund 2, *, S ebastien Baekelandt 1, *, Jessica Douxfils 1, *, Ivar Lund 2, *, Erik Ho Patrick Kestemont 1,*. 1 Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium 2 Technical University of Denmark, Section Aquaculture, Nordsøen Forskerpark/The North Sea Science Park P.O. Box 101, Denmark