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In vitro particulate matter toxicity relates to seasonal variability in chemical composition
S108
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 221S (2013) S59–S256
in the samples were as follows: classroom dusts – Pb 54.71 ± 36.91, Cu 26.71 ± 29.67, Zn 413.07 ± 324.33, Fe 7828.30 ± 2852.83, Mn 96.46 ± 10.88 mg/kg; playground soils – Pb 45.76 ± 36.23, Cu 18.29 ± 16.69, Zn 368.97 ± 425.73, Fe 7633.40 ± 4191.23, Mn 92.70 ± 7.87 mg/kg; blood – Pb 36.23 ± 29.43 g/dl, Cu 0.67 ± 0.21, Zn 3.50 ± 1.42, Fe 272.09 ± 115.87, Mn 0.07 ± 0.05 g/ml and urine – Pb 0.42 ± 0.36, Cu 0.07 ± 0.05, Zn 0.37 ± 0.38, Fe 0.32 ± 0.33, Mn 0.01 ± 0.02 g/ml. No correlation was observed between blood and dust metals of these children. A positive correlation (r = 0.168, p = 0.008) was however observed between blood Pb and playground soil. These suggest that heavy metal accumulation in these children might be from their schools’ playgrounds and other sources. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.169
P08-31 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity is modified by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure in adult male rat Anunciacion Lafuente, Natividad Pereiro, Lucia Gomez-Limia Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Orense, Spain Perfluorinated compounds are synthetic organic chemicals, being produced since the 1950s for different applications. Perfluoroalkyl substances are the most common perfluorinated compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a degradation product of many of these substances and it has been widely used as an industrial material in food packaging, textiles, water and oil repellents, etc. PFOS is the predominant perfluoroalkyl compound detected in all wildlife species worldwide. On the other hand, PFOS exposure can induce several alterations in the central nervous system and in the endocrine and immune systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) could be implicated in these effects, whereby the aim of the present study was to assess the PFOS effects on this physiological axis activity. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated for 28 days with PFOS, at the doses of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/day. Control rats received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of PFOS, rats were killed by decapitation. After PFOS exposure, hypothalamic concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased and, CRH gene expression was diminished in hypothalamus. PFOS induced an increase of gene expression of POMC in pituitary gland and of ACTHr in adrenal gland and, a decrease of serum ACTH and corticosterone levels. These results suggest that PFOS can alter the HHA axis activity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.170
P08-32 In vitro particulate matter toxicity relates to seasonal variability in chemical composition Alvaro Osornio Vargas 1,∗ , Natalia Manzano-Leon 2 , Raul Quintana-Belmares 2 , Brisa Sanchez 3 , Alexandra Sitarik 3 , Jesus Serrano 1 , Elizabeth Vega 4 , Ines Vazquez-Lopez 2 , Leonora Rojas-Bracho 5 , Tania Lopez-Villegas 5 , Felipe Vadillo-Ortega 6 , Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz 7 , Irma Rosas 6 , Marina Moran-Pineda 4 , Marie O’Neill 3 1
School of Public Health. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico, 3 University of Michigan. School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico City, Mexico, 5 Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Mexico City, Mexico, 6 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, 7 Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico 2
Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) composition and its variation by season can determine its toxicological effects. We explored the potentialof PM10 and PM2.5 , collected from five sites in Mexico City during the wet and the dry-cold seasons, to induce TNF␣ and IL-6 in vitro secretion. Methods: 24-h integrated PM samples were collected (five sites, wet and dry-cold seasons), using High-Vol samples and nitrocellulose membranes. Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry evaluated PM elemental content, the limulus amebocyte lysate assay endotoxins, and high performance liquid chromatography content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). THP-1 cells (human monocytes) were exposed to 80 g/ml of PM10 and PM2.5 and TNF␣ and IL-6 production was evaluated by ELISA. PM constituents from 90 samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations between cytokine production and components were explored. Results and discussion: Distribution of individual PM constituents varied by size, but principally by season. PCA identified two components that also varied in magnitude according to size and season. Both PM size samples from the wet season had a high proportion of a component containing soil-related constituents, and PM from the dry-cold season was rich in PAHs, Ni and V. Higher cytokine production was associated with samples from the wet season, whereas PM from the dry-cold season induced low cytokine production. These differences were more prominent in PM10 than in PM2.5 . Conclusions: We conclude that size and season-related proinflammatory potential are associated with PM content of soil-related constituents. Funding: FIRCA; NIEHS (R01-ES016932 and R01-ES017022-01); INE (Mexico). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.171
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 221S (2013) S59–S256
in the samples were as follows: classroom dusts – Pb 54.71 ± 36.91, Cu 26.71 ± 29.67, Zn 413.07 ± 324.33, Fe 7828.30 ± 2852.83, Mn 96.46 ± 10.88 mg/kg; playground soils – Pb 45.76 ± 36.23, Cu 18.29 ± 16.69, Zn 368.97 ± 425.73, Fe 7633.40 ± 4191.23, Mn 92.70 ± 7.87 mg/kg; blood – Pb 36.23 ± 29.43 g/dl, Cu 0.67 ± 0.21, Zn 3.50 ± 1.42, Fe 272.09 ± 115.87, Mn 0.07 ± 0.05 g/ml and urine – Pb 0.42 ± 0.36, Cu 0.07 ± 0.05, Zn 0.37 ± 0.38, Fe 0.32 ± 0.33, Mn 0.01 ± 0.02 g/ml. No correlation was observed between blood and dust metals of these children. A positive correlation (r = 0.168, p = 0.008) was however observed between blood Pb and playground soil. These suggest that heavy metal accumulation in these children might be from their schools’ playgrounds and other sources. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.169
P08-31 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity is modified by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure in adult male rat Anunciacion Lafuente, Natividad Pereiro, Lucia Gomez-Limia Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Orense, Spain Perfluorinated compounds are synthetic organic chemicals, being produced since the 1950s for different applications. Perfluoroalkyl substances are the most common perfluorinated compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a degradation product of many of these substances and it has been widely used as an industrial material in food packaging, textiles, water and oil repellents, etc. PFOS is the predominant perfluoroalkyl compound detected in all wildlife species worldwide. On the other hand, PFOS exposure can induce several alterations in the central nervous system and in the endocrine and immune systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) could be implicated in these effects, whereby the aim of the present study was to assess the PFOS effects on this physiological axis activity. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated for 28 days with PFOS, at the doses of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/day. Control rats received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of PFOS, rats were killed by decapitation. After PFOS exposure, hypothalamic concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased and, CRH gene expression was diminished in hypothalamus. PFOS induced an increase of gene expression of POMC in pituitary gland and of ACTHr in adrenal gland and, a decrease of serum ACTH and corticosterone levels. These results suggest that PFOS can alter the HHA axis activity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.170
P08-32 In vitro particulate matter toxicity relates to seasonal variability in chemical composition Alvaro Osornio Vargas 1,∗ , Natalia Manzano-Leon 2 , Raul Quintana-Belmares 2 , Brisa Sanchez 3 , Alexandra Sitarik 3 , Jesus Serrano 1 , Elizabeth Vega 4 , Ines Vazquez-Lopez 2 , Leonora Rojas-Bracho 5 , Tania Lopez-Villegas 5 , Felipe Vadillo-Ortega 6 , Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz 7 , Irma Rosas 6 , Marina Moran-Pineda 4 , Marie O’Neill 3 1
School of Public Health. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico, 3 University of Michigan. School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico City, Mexico, 5 Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Mexico City, Mexico, 6 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, 7 Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico 2
Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) composition and its variation by season can determine its toxicological effects. We explored the potentialof PM10 and PM2.5 , collected from five sites in Mexico City during the wet and the dry-cold seasons, to induce TNF␣ and IL-6 in vitro secretion. Methods: 24-h integrated PM samples were collected (five sites, wet and dry-cold seasons), using High-Vol samples and nitrocellulose membranes. Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry evaluated PM elemental content, the limulus amebocyte lysate assay endotoxins, and high performance liquid chromatography content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). THP-1 cells (human monocytes) were exposed to 80 g/ml of PM10 and PM2.5 and TNF␣ and IL-6 production was evaluated by ELISA. PM constituents from 90 samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations between cytokine production and components were explored. Results and discussion: Distribution of individual PM constituents varied by size, but principally by season. PCA identified two components that also varied in magnitude according to size and season. Both PM size samples from the wet season had a high proportion of a component containing soil-related constituents, and PM from the dry-cold season was rich in PAHs, Ni and V. Higher cytokine production was associated with samples from the wet season, whereas PM from the dry-cold season induced low cytokine production. These differences were more prominent in PM10 than in PM2.5 . Conclusions: We conclude that size and season-related proinflammatory potential are associated with PM content of soil-related constituents. Funding: FIRCA; NIEHS (R01-ES016932 and R01-ES017022-01); INE (Mexico). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.171