- Email: [email protected]
In vivo study of released fragments from aged nanocomposites
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 205S (2011) S180–S300
P2328 Heat shock decrease Saccharomyces cerevisiae UE-ME3 survival exposed to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide J.M.
Capela-Pires 1,∗ ,
I.M.S.
Alves-Pereira 2 ,
R.M.A.
S281
routes of exposure and concentrations closely reflecting expected levels of human exposure are needed. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.953
Ferreira 3
1
Química, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal, 2 Departamento De Química, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais Mediterranicas, Évora, Portugal, 3 Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais Mediterranicas (ICAAM) – Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
P2330 In vivo study of released fragments from aged nanocomposites E.J. Fabian 1,∗ , L. Ma-Hock 2 , W. Wohlleben 2 , S. Brill 2 , M.W. Meier 3 , M. Mertler 4 , R. Landsiedel 2 1
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (NP-TiO2 ), because there are scarces studies to evaluate the toxic effects of NP-TiO2 in eukaryote cells. S. cerevisiae UE-ME3, wild-type yeast, belonging to the Enology laboratory collection of University of Evora, growing at mid-exponential phase in liquid YEPD medium with 2% (w/v) glucose at 28 or 40 ◦ C are exposed at 0.1 or 1.0 g/mL NP-TiO2 prepared by sonication, during 200 min at 28 or 40 ◦ C, in case of cell previously grown at 28 and at 40 ◦ C, in other case. Samples from each treatment were used to obtain the post-12,000 g supernatant, which was used for protein content, DPPH antioxidant capacity and, ALP and CAT T activities determinations. Protein content, ALP and CAT T activities and DPPH antioxidant capacity in cells grown at 28 or 40 ◦ C in the presence of NP-TiO2 are not significantly different from their controls. However in cells grown at 28 ◦ C to mid-exponential phase, followed 200 min at 40 ◦ C in the presence of 1 g/mL of NP-TiO2 exhibit a decrease in biomass production, as well as the proliferative (ALP activity) and anti-oxidant capacity (CAT T activity). Heat shock decreased S. cerevisiae UE-ME3 survival exposed to NP-TiO2 . doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.952
P2329 A review of literature on genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives M. Ema 1,∗ , N. Kobayashi 2 , K. Honda 2 , J. Nakanishi 2
Gv/tb, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 2 Environmental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 3 Gcp/tp, L 540, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 4 Gcp/tp, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Wohlleben). Purpose: Nanocomposites are the dominating class of nanomaterials to come into consumer contact. For the first time, our comprehensive study aims to compare mechanical vs. weather aging of nanocomposites with embedded SiO2, CSH or CNTs. Is there a hazard from aerosols generated by sanding up to the nuisance dust limit? Methods: We compare 4 thermoplastic and cementitious nanocomposites and their reference materials. We provide detailed physicochemical evidence of the degradation products. We perform in vivo instillation in rats and quantify BALF, blood and genotoxicity parameters (a) on degradation products from abraded nanocomposites, in double comparison to (b) the abraded matrix without nanofiller and (c) to the pure nanofiller. The doses for instillation were derived from 5-day and 90-day inhalation studies [Adv. Mater. 22 (2010) 2601–2627], and for validation the effects of the pure filler matched well between inhalation and instillation. Results: We confirm earlier reports that chalking does occur also for weathered nanocomposites. In contrast, mechanical forces by normal consumer use or do-it-yourself sanding do not disrupt nanofillers from their matrix. Ranked by dose-effectrelations, effects from sanding powders are considerably lower (for polymers) than TiO2 or Carbon Black or roughly comparable (for cement) to TiO2 , irrespective of presence or absence of embedded nanofillers. Keywords: Nanomaterial; Lifecycle; Instillation
1
Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, 2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan The present paper summarizes the data available in the literature concerning genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives, which are widely used in consumer products such as cosmetic, lubricants, sporting goods, building materials, clothing treatment, electronics and fuel cells. All data in this review were previously published in openly available scientific literature. Genotoxicity studies, including in vitro and in vivo assays, are available. Positive results were observed on in vitro comet assay, gene mutation assay using bacteria and transgenic mouse embryonic cells, and micronucleus assay, and on in vivo oxidatively damaged DNA assay and gpt gene mutation assay, whereas negative results were also demonstrated on in vitro comet assay, bacterial gene mutation assay, mammalian chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus assay, and on in vivo comet assay and micronucleus assay. Some studies suggest that the genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives results from pro-oxidative responses. A battery of standard genotoxicity testing methods covering a wide range of mechanisms is useful to clarify the genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives. Further studies, especially in vivo, using relevant
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.954
P2331 Inhalation and instillation cause different pulmonary toxicity: A case study with amorphous silica nanoparticles E.J. Fabian 1,∗ , L. Ma-Hock 1 , M. Wiemann 1 , S. Brill 1 , W. Wohlleben 1 , V. Strauss 2 , S. Treumann 1 , B. van Ravenzwaay 3 , R. Landsiedel 1 1 Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 2 BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 3 Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Purpose: Considering the complexity of deposition and kinetics of air-borne nanomaterials in the lung, potential pulmonary toxicity of biopersistent nanomaterials should be evaluated by inhalation studies. Those studies demand special equipment and large quantities of test material. Intratracheal instillation appears as a simple and low substance-consuming alternative, although bolus dosing and the more central distribution of the particles in the lung are a well known trade-off. Methods: We compared the inflammatory response of the lung to amorphous silica (AS) after instillation
P2328 Heat shock decrease Saccharomyces cerevisiae UE-ME3 survival exposed to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide J.M.
Capela-Pires 1,∗ ,
I.M.S.
Alves-Pereira 2 ,
R.M.A.
S281
routes of exposure and concentrations closely reflecting expected levels of human exposure are needed. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.953
Ferreira 3
1
Química, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal, 2 Departamento De Química, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais Mediterranicas, Évora, Portugal, 3 Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais Mediterranicas (ICAAM) – Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
P2330 In vivo study of released fragments from aged nanocomposites E.J. Fabian 1,∗ , L. Ma-Hock 2 , W. Wohlleben 2 , S. Brill 2 , M.W. Meier 3 , M. Mertler 4 , R. Landsiedel 2 1
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (NP-TiO2 ), because there are scarces studies to evaluate the toxic effects of NP-TiO2 in eukaryote cells. S. cerevisiae UE-ME3, wild-type yeast, belonging to the Enology laboratory collection of University of Evora, growing at mid-exponential phase in liquid YEPD medium with 2% (w/v) glucose at 28 or 40 ◦ C are exposed at 0.1 or 1.0 g/mL NP-TiO2 prepared by sonication, during 200 min at 28 or 40 ◦ C, in case of cell previously grown at 28 and at 40 ◦ C, in other case. Samples from each treatment were used to obtain the post-12,000 g supernatant, which was used for protein content, DPPH antioxidant capacity and, ALP and CAT T activities determinations. Protein content, ALP and CAT T activities and DPPH antioxidant capacity in cells grown at 28 or 40 ◦ C in the presence of NP-TiO2 are not significantly different from their controls. However in cells grown at 28 ◦ C to mid-exponential phase, followed 200 min at 40 ◦ C in the presence of 1 g/mL of NP-TiO2 exhibit a decrease in biomass production, as well as the proliferative (ALP activity) and anti-oxidant capacity (CAT T activity). Heat shock decreased S. cerevisiae UE-ME3 survival exposed to NP-TiO2 . doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.952
P2329 A review of literature on genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives M. Ema 1,∗ , N. Kobayashi 2 , K. Honda 2 , J. Nakanishi 2
Gv/tb, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 2 Environmental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 3 Gcp/tp, L 540, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 4 Gcp/tp, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Wohlleben). Purpose: Nanocomposites are the dominating class of nanomaterials to come into consumer contact. For the first time, our comprehensive study aims to compare mechanical vs. weather aging of nanocomposites with embedded SiO2, CSH or CNTs. Is there a hazard from aerosols generated by sanding up to the nuisance dust limit? Methods: We compare 4 thermoplastic and cementitious nanocomposites and their reference materials. We provide detailed physicochemical evidence of the degradation products. We perform in vivo instillation in rats and quantify BALF, blood and genotoxicity parameters (a) on degradation products from abraded nanocomposites, in double comparison to (b) the abraded matrix without nanofiller and (c) to the pure nanofiller. The doses for instillation were derived from 5-day and 90-day inhalation studies [Adv. Mater. 22 (2010) 2601–2627], and for validation the effects of the pure filler matched well between inhalation and instillation. Results: We confirm earlier reports that chalking does occur also for weathered nanocomposites. In contrast, mechanical forces by normal consumer use or do-it-yourself sanding do not disrupt nanofillers from their matrix. Ranked by dose-effectrelations, effects from sanding powders are considerably lower (for polymers) than TiO2 or Carbon Black or roughly comparable (for cement) to TiO2 , irrespective of presence or absence of embedded nanofillers. Keywords: Nanomaterial; Lifecycle; Instillation
1
Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, 2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan The present paper summarizes the data available in the literature concerning genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives, which are widely used in consumer products such as cosmetic, lubricants, sporting goods, building materials, clothing treatment, electronics and fuel cells. All data in this review were previously published in openly available scientific literature. Genotoxicity studies, including in vitro and in vivo assays, are available. Positive results were observed on in vitro comet assay, gene mutation assay using bacteria and transgenic mouse embryonic cells, and micronucleus assay, and on in vivo oxidatively damaged DNA assay and gpt gene mutation assay, whereas negative results were also demonstrated on in vitro comet assay, bacterial gene mutation assay, mammalian chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus assay, and on in vivo comet assay and micronucleus assay. Some studies suggest that the genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives results from pro-oxidative responses. A battery of standard genotoxicity testing methods covering a wide range of mechanisms is useful to clarify the genotoxicity of fullerenes and their derivatives. Further studies, especially in vivo, using relevant
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.954
P2331 Inhalation and instillation cause different pulmonary toxicity: A case study with amorphous silica nanoparticles E.J. Fabian 1,∗ , L. Ma-Hock 1 , M. Wiemann 1 , S. Brill 1 , W. Wohlleben 1 , V. Strauss 2 , S. Treumann 1 , B. van Ravenzwaay 3 , R. Landsiedel 1 1 Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 2 BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 3 Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Purpose: Considering the complexity of deposition and kinetics of air-borne nanomaterials in the lung, potential pulmonary toxicity of biopersistent nanomaterials should be evaluated by inhalation studies. Those studies demand special equipment and large quantities of test material. Intratracheal instillation appears as a simple and low substance-consuming alternative, although bolus dosing and the more central distribution of the particles in the lung are a well known trade-off. Methods: We compared the inflammatory response of the lung to amorphous silica (AS) after instillation