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Incremental validity in underwater adaptation and performance
S58
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
Genetic indicators of oxytocin-system-activity: Predictors for neuroendocrine and affective stress reaction in the TSST paradigm? Y. Kuepper, C. Wielpuetz, P. Grant, J. Hennig Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany Oxytocin has been shown to play a role in the regulation of social behavior, anxiety and stress-reactivity in numerous studies. We were interested in the combined effects of two genetic indicators of oxytocin system activity: rs53576 (G/A) and rs3796863 (A/C), on neuroendocrine and affective stress reactions in a well established, standardized social stress Paradigm – the Trier social stress Test (TSST). The final sample will consist of 80 men, who were invited according to their genotypes for the rs53576 and the rs3796863, resulting in a balanced 4 cell design (genotype-groups (rs53576/ rs3796863): (A+/A+), (A+/CC), (GG/A+), (GG/CC)). Initial results from a subsample (45 subjects) show a trend for substantially increased fear directly before, and after the stress phase of the TSST for the (A+/A+)-group, as compared to all other groups. Results for the final sample of 80 subjects will be presented and discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.244
Greed is good? Assessing the relationship between entrepreneurship and subclinical psychopathy R. Akhtar, G. Ahmetoglu, T. Chamorro-Premuzic University College London, United Kingdom Despite the stereotype of entrepreneurs as corporate psychopaths, there has been little research on the overlap between individual differences in entrepreneurship and subclinical psychopathy. In line with this issue, the current study investigated whether primary and secondary psychopathy are linked to a measure of entrepreneurial tendencies and abilities, as well as entrepreneurial activities and achievements. Participants were 435 working adults. Structural equation models revealed that individual differences in entrepreneurial tendencies and abilities were positively related to primary psychopathy, but unrelated to secondary psychopathy. Secondary psychopathy did not predict entrepreneurial activity; primary psychopathy predicted some entrepreneurial outcomes, albeit modestly, providing partial support for the‘corporate psychopath’ stereotype. Implications for entrepreneurship research and practice are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.245
activity, there are provided for several indicators that show favorable trends to better health and greater well-being. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.246
How implicit components influence explicit attitudes towards homosexuality? L. Lazarevic, A. Orlic, G. Knezevic Institute of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia Large body of evidence suggests that two processes influence attitudes formation, implicit and explicit. On a sample of 70 heterosexual students of Belgrade University, several implicit and explicit measures were collected in order to assess attitudes towards homosexuality. To asses implicit processes Implicit Association Test (IAT) and Affective Priming (AP) were used, while Homophobic Attitude Scale (HAS), and Connotative differential (CD) were used as explicit measures. IAT and AP were based on the same stimuli. SEM-model was designed to investigate the influence of implicit latent factors on the explicit latent factor of the attitude. The model had excellent fit:h2(32) = 32.11, p = 0.46; RMSEA = 0.007 (90% CI RMSEA 0.0– 0.089), SRMR = 0.071, and CFI = 0.99. Analyses suggest that IAT latent factor influences negative explicit attitude. Results revealed that latent AP factor interpreted as arousal on heterosexual stimuli, does not correlate neither with IAT nor explicit attitude. Theoretical and methodological ramifications of the results are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.247
How Narcissistic students behave in junior high school? S. Abe Baika Women’s University, Japan This study was designed to examine the effects of narcissism on help seeking, problematic behavior, and academic achievement in junior high school. Five hundred and forty-one Japanese junior high school students (274 male, 277 female) completed a questionnaire survey. Survey items were Narcissistic Personality Inventory-Short Version (NPI-S; Oshio, 1998), the frequency of asking questions of teacher, the frequency of being reprimanded from teacher, and the results of the latest regular examination. Using structural equation modeling, the results showed that the higher the NPI-S is, the more often students asked to teacher, were reprimanded from teacher, and got good grade. In addition, it was also found that the three subscales of NPI-S have different effects on these behaviors. From the results, it was suggested that narcissism influences various aspects in school life. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.248
Health and cinema. Healthy leisure profile J. Corbalán, V. García-Peñas, R. Limiñana, R. Martín-Brufau, R. Patró Universidad de Murcia, Spain The concept of health has evolved beyond the simple absence of disease. So, WHO speaks about health bio-psycho-social. Thus, in principle practices conceived as far from healthy have been adding to your list. So, attention to food or hygiene have meant real revolutions in prevention and medical cure. Accordingly, s.XXI illuminates a new trend with significant epidemiological guarantees on how behaviors related to leisure and culture, and particular habits of cultural consumption, have a continuing effect on the health of populations. For that matter, this research was made on a sample of 850 people, 55% female and 45% male, mean age 29, who suggest that among people who frequently attend the movies, what made preferably with friends or as a couple, and make this enjoy a moment of
Incremental validity in underwater adaptation and performance J. Colodro-Plaza, E.J. Garcés de los Fayos-Ruiz, J.J. López-García, L. Colodro-Conde Delegation of Defense in the Region of Murcia, Spain Although the increase of validity is a topic already verified in academic and job performance, we use a criterion rarely referred to in the evaluation of the predictive importance of psychological traits. In order to clarify the relevance of cognitive and non-cognitive traits in the underwater environment, we have analyzed the contribution of intellectual ability to predict the level of underwater performance (D R2 = .072; F (2, 522) = 20.802, p < .001) and adaptation (R2_L = .092; X2(1) = 42.457, p < .001) and the incremental validity of the personality variables (D R2 = .203; F (8, 514) = 18.678, p < .001. R2_L = .345; X2(1) = 144.762, p < .001).
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
The results confirm the predictive power of the dispositional traits in the underwater environment and support the incremental validity of individual differences in personality, verifying that emotional adjustment and adaptability to the anxiety are protectors against underwater stressors and predictors of effective responses to changing or unforeseen situations of diving. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.249
Individual differences and social visibility in climate change mitigation C. Brick, D.K. Sherman University of California, United States We investigated individual differences in environmental social identification and climate change belief in predicting emissionsreducing behavior (‘‘mitigation’’). Specifically, we hypothesized individual differences would moderate the importance of the social visibility of climate change behaviors to help resolve why high rates of climate change belief are not accompanied by commensurate mitigation. Climate change believers (but not skeptics) are hypothesized to experience cognitive dissonance between their beliefs and lack of action. We argued the social visibility of climate change actions will drive mitigating behavior: climate change belief will predict public behaviors such as taking recycled bags to the grocery (trifling carbon footprint), but will not affect carbon-intense but less visible activities such as meat consumption or long-distance air travel. Moral licensing (Monin & Miller, 2001) also suggests that climate change belief can function as a ideological badge that can ironically prevent future action, further explaining the mitigation gap. . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.250
Individual differences in affect regulation strategies Z. Prizmic-Larsen, R. Larsen, A. Augustine Washington University in St. Louis, United States The structure of affect regulation using the Measure of Affect Regulation Styles (MARS) was examined in samples of College Students (N = 565, M = 20 years) and older adults (N = 135, M = 67 years). Based on factor analysis and on Parkinson and Totterdell’s theoretical framework six affect regulation scales were constructed (reliability range 0.75–0.51; test–retest after 1 year on adult sample (N = 36) range 0.77–0.42). Age and gender analysis showed that cognitive distraction was used more by older, while affect directed, disengagement, and avoidance strategies were used by the younger group. Females used more affect-directed strategies, while males used disengagement strategies. Associations between personality and regulation strategies were examined separately in age groups. Younger extraverts use more behavioral distraction and less avoidance strategies, while older consciousness people use more situation-focus and less disengagement strategies. Analyses of predictive validity in wellbeing revealed that life satisfaction was best predicted positively by cognitive distraction and negatively by avoidance strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.251
Individual differences in diving J. Colodro-Plaza, E.J. Garcés de los Fayos-Ruiz, J.J. López-García, L. Colodro-Conde Delegation of Defense in the Region of Murcia, Spain
S59
Diving is an activity that requires the divers to undergo adaptive proceses to survive and to achieve an efficient performance in the underwater environment. With the aim of verifying the role of individual differences in the adaptation to an extreme environment, psychological data from a sample (N = 649) of military personnel participating in diving courses were analyzed, checking the differences in their capacity to adapt to the underwater demands and between divers with different levels of performance. The results indicate the existence of psychological variables that differentiate those who pass or fail the diving training (d = .34) and between groups of divers who obtain different levels of performance (d = .56) in underwater tasks. These data support the hypothesis that dispositional traits can be predictors of underwater behavior and performance, and that they are useful for the identification of suitable personnel for the practice of professional diving. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.252
Individual differences in error monitoring in high math-anxious individuals M. Suárez-Pellicioni, M.I. Núñez-Peña, A. Colomé University of Barcelona, Spain This study used event-related brain potentials to investigate whether math anxiety is related to abnormal error monitoring processing. To this end, fourteen high math-anxious (HMA) and fourteen low math-anxious (LMA) individuals were presented with a numerical and a classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in trait anxiety. We found enhanced error-related negativity (ERN) in the HMA group when they committed an error in the numerical Stroop task, but not in the classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in the correctrelated negativity component (CRN), the error positivity component (Pe) or behavioral measures. The amplitude of the ERN was negatively related to participants’ math anxiety scores, showing a more negative amplitude as the score increased. The results were interpreted according to the motivational significance theory of the ERN. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.253
Individual differences in evaluation of married life among middleaged couples H. Utsunomiya Ritsumeikan University, Japan The present study examined the evaluation of past married life by middle-aged people and its relationship with marital commitment and subjective well-being. A questionnaire survey using the same questionnaire with husbands and wives was conducted with middle-aged married couples (N = 204, 102 pairs, average age = 49.5, SD = 5.04). The questionnaire inquired about their commitment to married life in personal, functional, and involuntary dimensions, their subjective well-being, positive and negative aspects of their married life in the past. Cluster analysis was conducted based on the evaluation of married life and the following three clusters were extracted: only strong positive memories (CL1), equally positive and negative memories (CL2), dominant positive memories and some negative memories (CL3). The results indicated that more husbands were in CL1 and more wives were in CL2. CL1 had the highest score for personal commitment and subjective well-being, whereas CL2 had higher scores than other two clusters for involuntary commitment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.254
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
Genetic indicators of oxytocin-system-activity: Predictors for neuroendocrine and affective stress reaction in the TSST paradigm? Y. Kuepper, C. Wielpuetz, P. Grant, J. Hennig Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany Oxytocin has been shown to play a role in the regulation of social behavior, anxiety and stress-reactivity in numerous studies. We were interested in the combined effects of two genetic indicators of oxytocin system activity: rs53576 (G/A) and rs3796863 (A/C), on neuroendocrine and affective stress reactions in a well established, standardized social stress Paradigm – the Trier social stress Test (TSST). The final sample will consist of 80 men, who were invited according to their genotypes for the rs53576 and the rs3796863, resulting in a balanced 4 cell design (genotype-groups (rs53576/ rs3796863): (A+/A+), (A+/CC), (GG/A+), (GG/CC)). Initial results from a subsample (45 subjects) show a trend for substantially increased fear directly before, and after the stress phase of the TSST for the (A+/A+)-group, as compared to all other groups. Results for the final sample of 80 subjects will be presented and discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.244
Greed is good? Assessing the relationship between entrepreneurship and subclinical psychopathy R. Akhtar, G. Ahmetoglu, T. Chamorro-Premuzic University College London, United Kingdom Despite the stereotype of entrepreneurs as corporate psychopaths, there has been little research on the overlap between individual differences in entrepreneurship and subclinical psychopathy. In line with this issue, the current study investigated whether primary and secondary psychopathy are linked to a measure of entrepreneurial tendencies and abilities, as well as entrepreneurial activities and achievements. Participants were 435 working adults. Structural equation models revealed that individual differences in entrepreneurial tendencies and abilities were positively related to primary psychopathy, but unrelated to secondary psychopathy. Secondary psychopathy did not predict entrepreneurial activity; primary psychopathy predicted some entrepreneurial outcomes, albeit modestly, providing partial support for the‘corporate psychopath’ stereotype. Implications for entrepreneurship research and practice are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.245
activity, there are provided for several indicators that show favorable trends to better health and greater well-being. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.246
How implicit components influence explicit attitudes towards homosexuality? L. Lazarevic, A. Orlic, G. Knezevic Institute of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia Large body of evidence suggests that two processes influence attitudes formation, implicit and explicit. On a sample of 70 heterosexual students of Belgrade University, several implicit and explicit measures were collected in order to assess attitudes towards homosexuality. To asses implicit processes Implicit Association Test (IAT) and Affective Priming (AP) were used, while Homophobic Attitude Scale (HAS), and Connotative differential (CD) were used as explicit measures. IAT and AP were based on the same stimuli. SEM-model was designed to investigate the influence of implicit latent factors on the explicit latent factor of the attitude. The model had excellent fit:h2(32) = 32.11, p = 0.46; RMSEA = 0.007 (90% CI RMSEA 0.0– 0.089), SRMR = 0.071, and CFI = 0.99. Analyses suggest that IAT latent factor influences negative explicit attitude. Results revealed that latent AP factor interpreted as arousal on heterosexual stimuli, does not correlate neither with IAT nor explicit attitude. Theoretical and methodological ramifications of the results are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.247
How Narcissistic students behave in junior high school? S. Abe Baika Women’s University, Japan This study was designed to examine the effects of narcissism on help seeking, problematic behavior, and academic achievement in junior high school. Five hundred and forty-one Japanese junior high school students (274 male, 277 female) completed a questionnaire survey. Survey items were Narcissistic Personality Inventory-Short Version (NPI-S; Oshio, 1998), the frequency of asking questions of teacher, the frequency of being reprimanded from teacher, and the results of the latest regular examination. Using structural equation modeling, the results showed that the higher the NPI-S is, the more often students asked to teacher, were reprimanded from teacher, and got good grade. In addition, it was also found that the three subscales of NPI-S have different effects on these behaviors. From the results, it was suggested that narcissism influences various aspects in school life. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.248
Health and cinema. Healthy leisure profile J. Corbalán, V. García-Peñas, R. Limiñana, R. Martín-Brufau, R. Patró Universidad de Murcia, Spain The concept of health has evolved beyond the simple absence of disease. So, WHO speaks about health bio-psycho-social. Thus, in principle practices conceived as far from healthy have been adding to your list. So, attention to food or hygiene have meant real revolutions in prevention and medical cure. Accordingly, s.XXI illuminates a new trend with significant epidemiological guarantees on how behaviors related to leisure and culture, and particular habits of cultural consumption, have a continuing effect on the health of populations. For that matter, this research was made on a sample of 850 people, 55% female and 45% male, mean age 29, who suggest that among people who frequently attend the movies, what made preferably with friends or as a couple, and make this enjoy a moment of
Incremental validity in underwater adaptation and performance J. Colodro-Plaza, E.J. Garcés de los Fayos-Ruiz, J.J. López-García, L. Colodro-Conde Delegation of Defense in the Region of Murcia, Spain Although the increase of validity is a topic already verified in academic and job performance, we use a criterion rarely referred to in the evaluation of the predictive importance of psychological traits. In order to clarify the relevance of cognitive and non-cognitive traits in the underwater environment, we have analyzed the contribution of intellectual ability to predict the level of underwater performance (D R2 = .072; F (2, 522) = 20.802, p < .001) and adaptation (R2_L = .092; X2(1) = 42.457, p < .001) and the incremental validity of the personality variables (D R2 = .203; F (8, 514) = 18.678, p < .001. R2_L = .345; X2(1) = 144.762, p < .001).
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
The results confirm the predictive power of the dispositional traits in the underwater environment and support the incremental validity of individual differences in personality, verifying that emotional adjustment and adaptability to the anxiety are protectors against underwater stressors and predictors of effective responses to changing or unforeseen situations of diving. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.249
Individual differences and social visibility in climate change mitigation C. Brick, D.K. Sherman University of California, United States We investigated individual differences in environmental social identification and climate change belief in predicting emissionsreducing behavior (‘‘mitigation’’). Specifically, we hypothesized individual differences would moderate the importance of the social visibility of climate change behaviors to help resolve why high rates of climate change belief are not accompanied by commensurate mitigation. Climate change believers (but not skeptics) are hypothesized to experience cognitive dissonance between their beliefs and lack of action. We argued the social visibility of climate change actions will drive mitigating behavior: climate change belief will predict public behaviors such as taking recycled bags to the grocery (trifling carbon footprint), but will not affect carbon-intense but less visible activities such as meat consumption or long-distance air travel. Moral licensing (Monin & Miller, 2001) also suggests that climate change belief can function as a ideological badge that can ironically prevent future action, further explaining the mitigation gap. . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.250
Individual differences in affect regulation strategies Z. Prizmic-Larsen, R. Larsen, A. Augustine Washington University in St. Louis, United States The structure of affect regulation using the Measure of Affect Regulation Styles (MARS) was examined in samples of College Students (N = 565, M = 20 years) and older adults (N = 135, M = 67 years). Based on factor analysis and on Parkinson and Totterdell’s theoretical framework six affect regulation scales were constructed (reliability range 0.75–0.51; test–retest after 1 year on adult sample (N = 36) range 0.77–0.42). Age and gender analysis showed that cognitive distraction was used more by older, while affect directed, disengagement, and avoidance strategies were used by the younger group. Females used more affect-directed strategies, while males used disengagement strategies. Associations between personality and regulation strategies were examined separately in age groups. Younger extraverts use more behavioral distraction and less avoidance strategies, while older consciousness people use more situation-focus and less disengagement strategies. Analyses of predictive validity in wellbeing revealed that life satisfaction was best predicted positively by cognitive distraction and negatively by avoidance strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.251
Individual differences in diving J. Colodro-Plaza, E.J. Garcés de los Fayos-Ruiz, J.J. López-García, L. Colodro-Conde Delegation of Defense in the Region of Murcia, Spain
S59
Diving is an activity that requires the divers to undergo adaptive proceses to survive and to achieve an efficient performance in the underwater environment. With the aim of verifying the role of individual differences in the adaptation to an extreme environment, psychological data from a sample (N = 649) of military personnel participating in diving courses were analyzed, checking the differences in their capacity to adapt to the underwater demands and between divers with different levels of performance. The results indicate the existence of psychological variables that differentiate those who pass or fail the diving training (d = .34) and between groups of divers who obtain different levels of performance (d = .56) in underwater tasks. These data support the hypothesis that dispositional traits can be predictors of underwater behavior and performance, and that they are useful for the identification of suitable personnel for the practice of professional diving. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.252
Individual differences in error monitoring in high math-anxious individuals M. Suárez-Pellicioni, M.I. Núñez-Peña, A. Colomé University of Barcelona, Spain This study used event-related brain potentials to investigate whether math anxiety is related to abnormal error monitoring processing. To this end, fourteen high math-anxious (HMA) and fourteen low math-anxious (LMA) individuals were presented with a numerical and a classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in trait anxiety. We found enhanced error-related negativity (ERN) in the HMA group when they committed an error in the numerical Stroop task, but not in the classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in the correctrelated negativity component (CRN), the error positivity component (Pe) or behavioral measures. The amplitude of the ERN was negatively related to participants’ math anxiety scores, showing a more negative amplitude as the score increased. The results were interpreted according to the motivational significance theory of the ERN. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.253
Individual differences in evaluation of married life among middleaged couples H. Utsunomiya Ritsumeikan University, Japan The present study examined the evaluation of past married life by middle-aged people and its relationship with marital commitment and subjective well-being. A questionnaire survey using the same questionnaire with husbands and wives was conducted with middle-aged married couples (N = 204, 102 pairs, average age = 49.5, SD = 5.04). The questionnaire inquired about their commitment to married life in personal, functional, and involuntary dimensions, their subjective well-being, positive and negative aspects of their married life in the past. Cluster analysis was conducted based on the evaluation of married life and the following three clusters were extracted: only strong positive memories (CL1), equally positive and negative memories (CL2), dominant positive memories and some negative memories (CL3). The results indicated that more husbands were in CL1 and more wives were in CL2. CL1 had the highest score for personal commitment and subjective well-being, whereas CL2 had higher scores than other two clusters for involuntary commitment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.254