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Independent origin of gastrotricha with nematoda by analysing early embryogenesis of rotifer and acanthocephala
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CYTOSKELETAL MODIFICATIONS IN COMPACTING CELLS ISOLATED FROM EARLY MOUSE EMBRYOS. I. Relma! G. Ord6nez and E. Lehtonen. Dept. Pathol., SF-00290 Helslnkl, Finland
LAMININ (LN) IN EARLY AMPHIBIAN EMBRYO: SYNTHESIS AND LOCALIZATION. ,LF.RIOI,!, T.DARRIBERE. Y. RICHOUX. D.L 6HI. M. DELARUE AND J C. BOUCAUT Btologie Exp~rimeniale, U.A CNR$11.35, Universlt(lP. et M. Curie, 75230 Paris
Recent studies have revealed differences in the distribution of vlnculln, actln and spectrin in early embryos (Differentiation 30:68, 1985 and 32:125, 1986). We used cells isolated from cleavage-stage embryos to study the localization of these molecules during compaction. In 2/8 cell pairs, spectrln was concentrated in a homogeneous cortical layer which was also present in the intercellular contact areas. During and after compaction the cell pairs showed a distinct rlng-llke concentra~lon of spectrln encircling the contact areas. In contrast to spectrln, vlnculln and actln often showed polar dlstr~butlon in com"pactlng 2/8 pairs, and vlnculln showed only a weak rlng-llke concentration in the contact areas. In the intercellular contacts of 4/16 groups, spectrln and actln exhibited a strong, vlnculln only an indistinct rlng-llke concentration. In some 4/16 groups, the cortical layers of vlnculln and actln were uneven. The above changes occur during and after compaction and are thus connected with the morphogenesis of the blastocyst.
Cedex05, France. Western blottlng experlmants carried out with affinity purified antl-LN antibodies allowed the identificationof two polypeptldes related to A (400 kD) and B (200 kD) subunits of LN and also two additional polypeptides of 275 kD and 160 kD. Irnmunoprecipilatlonshowed that amphlbian-LN was synthesized in cocytes, eggs and throughout early development, In blastulae there was no regional differences m the pattern of amphiblan-LN synthesis. There was evidence that amphibian-LN synthesized throughout pregestrula stages was a translation Product of stored maternal mRNA. By immunofluoresoance labellingLN, was observed as early as the early blastula stage. Double staining demonstrated a close association of LN with the fibronectm-mch extracellular matrix present in amphib|an blastulaeand gastrulae. It is concluded thai both extracellularglycoproteins have a common pattern of synthesis and distribution in early amphibian embryo.
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INOEPENDENTORIGIN OF GASTROTRICHAWITH NEMATODABY ANALYSINGEARLY EMBRYOGENESISOF ROTIFER AND ACANTHOCEPHALA.Y.M. Ryuntyu and M. Alexander. Agronematological Farming Services and School of Zoology, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia.
PROS~ES FO~ SUB-NETWORKS OF INTERMEDIARY FIL~.~TS IN F~CTION OF CELL DIFFER~IATI~L K_~.Scherrer , M-r. Grossi de Sa, J.Ko Pal~ F. HarDer*~ C. Martins de Sa Institut JACQUESMONOD 2 Place Jussieu - F ,5,5, PARIS Cedex 05; *I.R.S.C. - F 94800 VILLEJUIF Prosodieswere discovered as subcomplexes of repressed m~P and characterised by electron microscopy and biochemical criteria (SC~ID et al, (1984) ENBO. J. 3 29; ~RTINS de SA et al, (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 187 (4), 47Y). C~po~ed to 85 % of protein and 15 % of small RNA (50-150 n) the individual particle is raspberry shaped with a diameter of 12 nm. There are about 25 peptide constituants of MW 19.000 to 56.00C and pl 4-7~ sh~,Jing a characteristic two-dimensiona] electrophoretic pattern. The individual particle (600.000 ~) may contamn various protein and ~ comple~,ents. Monoclc,na] antibodies ~ade against duck erythroblast prosomes show cross-reaction with mamcalian, amphibian, Dro~c,phi1~ and plant prosomes- Dual label im~unc~fluorescence on avian, HeLa and PT~ cells revealed that prosc~,e~ are localized on the intermediary filsments forming networks superimposable extensively onto those of the c>tc,~:eratins.Prosomes are also in the nuc!eus assoclated with pre-mPJqAand various ~tructures tncludin~ the nuclear matrix, h.osomes belong to the materna! comp!ement of the earl> embryo. In e~;br~nic tiesue~ individua] prosomal antigens are ~c.:~ted In specific cells and dee!opmenfal dc~,ains, in the nucleus ~nd/or c~to;,!asm, in patterns ~r>.ing with the type and st~Qe of differentiation. Prc,somes max accompany spat:fie m~.~ in a tissue- ~nd differentiation- specific patterr~ fr~ synthesis to expresslon.
The Gastrotricha and primitive Enoplia share the same type: the spiral due cleavage. The Rotifera Cuvier 1798 and Acanthocephala Skrjabin et Schulz 1931 have a commoncleavage: the quartet type and their division into separate phyla appears to be unjustified. Moreover, the ventral side in Nematodaand Gastrotricha is the blastoporal side in the original onthogenesis. The blastoporeislaid down on the ventral side of the embryo. Its form changes: f i r s t i t is round then elongates and changes into a groove before closing in the middle. The process of middle closure forms the germ cells of the open gut. These processes are typical of ancientgastrotrichs: Macrodasyoidea and Nematoda. Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Gordiacea were proposed a new phylum - the Cephalorhynchaor cephaloproboscial worms (Ryuntyu: PhD Thesis, UNSW 1986). Two separate types of cleavage testify to the early divergence of independent origin of Gastrotricha Metschnikoff 1864 and NematodaRudolphi 1808 (phylum Nemathelminthes) and Rotifera with Acanthocephala. 118S
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CYTOSKELETAL MODIFICATIONS IN COMPACTING CELLS ISOLATED FROM EARLY MOUSE EMBRYOS. I. Relma! G. Ord6nez and E. Lehtonen. Dept. Pathol., SF-00290 Helslnkl, Finland
LAMININ (LN) IN EARLY AMPHIBIAN EMBRYO: SYNTHESIS AND LOCALIZATION. ,LF.RIOI,!, T.DARRIBERE. Y. RICHOUX. D.L 6HI. M. DELARUE AND J C. BOUCAUT Btologie Exp~rimeniale, U.A CNR$11.35, Universlt(lP. et M. Curie, 75230 Paris
Recent studies have revealed differences in the distribution of vlnculln, actln and spectrin in early embryos (Differentiation 30:68, 1985 and 32:125, 1986). We used cells isolated from cleavage-stage embryos to study the localization of these molecules during compaction. In 2/8 cell pairs, spectrln was concentrated in a homogeneous cortical layer which was also present in the intercellular contact areas. During and after compaction the cell pairs showed a distinct rlng-llke concentra~lon of spectrln encircling the contact areas. In contrast to spectrln, vlnculln and actln often showed polar dlstr~butlon in com"pactlng 2/8 pairs, and vlnculln showed only a weak rlng-llke concentration in the contact areas. In the intercellular contacts of 4/16 groups, spectrln and actln exhibited a strong, vlnculln only an indistinct rlng-llke concentration. In some 4/16 groups, the cortical layers of vlnculln and actln were uneven. The above changes occur during and after compaction and are thus connected with the morphogenesis of the blastocyst.
Cedex05, France. Western blottlng experlmants carried out with affinity purified antl-LN antibodies allowed the identificationof two polypeptldes related to A (400 kD) and B (200 kD) subunits of LN and also two additional polypeptides of 275 kD and 160 kD. Irnmunoprecipilatlonshowed that amphlbian-LN was synthesized in cocytes, eggs and throughout early development, In blastulae there was no regional differences m the pattern of amphiblan-LN synthesis. There was evidence that amphibian-LN synthesized throughout pregestrula stages was a translation Product of stored maternal mRNA. By immunofluoresoance labellingLN, was observed as early as the early blastula stage. Double staining demonstrated a close association of LN with the fibronectm-mch extracellular matrix present in amphib|an blastulaeand gastrulae. It is concluded thai both extracellularglycoproteins have a common pattern of synthesis and distribution in early amphibian embryo.
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INOEPENDENTORIGIN OF GASTROTRICHAWITH NEMATODABY ANALYSINGEARLY EMBRYOGENESISOF ROTIFER AND ACANTHOCEPHALA.Y.M. Ryuntyu and M. Alexander. Agronematological Farming Services and School of Zoology, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia.
PROS~ES FO~ SUB-NETWORKS OF INTERMEDIARY FIL~.~TS IN F~CTION OF CELL DIFFER~IATI~L K_~.Scherrer , M-r. Grossi de Sa, J.Ko Pal~ F. HarDer*~ C. Martins de Sa Institut JACQUESMONOD 2 Place Jussieu - F ,5,5, PARIS Cedex 05; *I.R.S.C. - F 94800 VILLEJUIF Prosodieswere discovered as subcomplexes of repressed m~P and characterised by electron microscopy and biochemical criteria (SC~ID et al, (1984) ENBO. J. 3 29; ~RTINS de SA et al, (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 187 (4), 47Y). C~po~ed to 85 % of protein and 15 % of small RNA (50-150 n) the individual particle is raspberry shaped with a diameter of 12 nm. There are about 25 peptide constituants of MW 19.000 to 56.00C and pl 4-7~ sh~,Jing a characteristic two-dimensiona] electrophoretic pattern. The individual particle (600.000 ~) may contamn various protein and ~ comple~,ents. Monoclc,na] antibodies ~ade against duck erythroblast prosomes show cross-reaction with mamcalian, amphibian, Dro~c,phi1~ and plant prosomes- Dual label im~unc~fluorescence on avian, HeLa and PT~ cells revealed that prosc~,e~ are localized on the intermediary filsments forming networks superimposable extensively onto those of the c>tc,~:eratins.Prosomes are also in the nuc!eus assoclated with pre-mPJqAand various ~tructures tncludin~ the nuclear matrix, h.osomes belong to the materna! comp!ement of the earl> embryo. In e~;br~nic tiesue~ individua] prosomal antigens are ~c.:~ted In specific cells and dee!opmenfal dc~,ains, in the nucleus ~nd/or c~to;,!asm, in patterns ~r>.ing with the type and st~Qe of differentiation. Prc,somes max accompany spat:fie m~.~ in a tissue- ~nd differentiation- specific patterr~ fr~ synthesis to expresslon.
The Gastrotricha and primitive Enoplia share the same type: the spiral due cleavage. The Rotifera Cuvier 1798 and Acanthocephala Skrjabin et Schulz 1931 have a commoncleavage: the quartet type and their division into separate phyla appears to be unjustified. Moreover, the ventral side in Nematodaand Gastrotricha is the blastoporal side in the original onthogenesis. The blastoporeislaid down on the ventral side of the embryo. Its form changes: f i r s t i t is round then elongates and changes into a groove before closing in the middle. The process of middle closure forms the germ cells of the open gut. These processes are typical of ancientgastrotrichs: Macrodasyoidea and Nematoda. Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Gordiacea were proposed a new phylum - the Cephalorhynchaor cephaloproboscial worms (Ryuntyu: PhD Thesis, UNSW 1986). Two separate types of cleavage testify to the early divergence of independent origin of Gastrotricha Metschnikoff 1864 and NematodaRudolphi 1808 (phylum Nemathelminthes) and Rotifera with Acanthocephala. 118S