Index1

495

INDEX’

Algae (continued) Aaloe, A.0.,457,477 reef builders since Precambrian, 55 Acenularia, 60, 71, 129, 175, 249,291, Algal balls, 396,410 306,330,371,429 Algal limestones Acenularia ananas (Linnaeus), 60,71,226, formation, 41 261,271,306,330,345,380 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 41,73,74, 396, Acenularia breviseptata Weissermel, 60, 306 409-41 1,439,450,454 Acrotreta Sandstone (Esthonia), 18 Tofta limestone, 41,285,309-310, A ctinopterella, 64, 382 311,473 Actinostromu, 60,69,306,330 Algonkian Actinostromu astroites (Rosen), 60,306 Gotska Sandon, 13 Adavere Stage (Esthonia), 17, 20 Allmungs (Sthga), 349 Adla member (Esthonia), 456,458 Almar (Stora Karlso), 228,232,254,255,256 Aechmina bovina Jones, 428 Alpine molasse, 396 Aeropoma prismaticum (Lmdstrom), 426 Alskog Parish Ager, D.V.,454,477 Bofrideklint, 367-368 Agterberg, F.P., 420,477 3.5 km N-NE of church, 368 Aiketrask (Firo), 314 Aikse Bakke (Ardre), 367 hneklint, 134-135,367 Alstade (Frojel), 51 Ala Parish Alum Shales (Oland), 10 Hemse Beds, 350 Alva Parish Meklinta (Oland), 10 Eke Beds, 387 Algae, 423 Alvar, 2,209 blue-green, 466,467 depth indicators, 3 11,439,466-467 Alveolites, 461 effect upon recrystallization,255 Alveolites fougti, see Planalveolitesfougti green, 396 h a t a Stage (Esthonia), 17 in Klinteberg Beds, 337,338,349 Ambonychia punctata Lindstrom, 428 in limestone facies, 429,454 America, North red, 466,467 Mississippian, 454, 463 reef builders in American Silurian, 460 Ordovician, 397 reef builders in English Wenlockian, Permian, 78,176 455,456 Silurian, 55,126,136,438,452, reef builders in Esthonia , 19,20,457 458-462,463,464 reef builders in Gotland, 41, 57, 60, Amphineura, 424 73-74,77,78, 114, 118, 176, 180, Amphistrophia funiculata (McCoy), 63, 181,182,184,185,186,187,188226,33 1,428 189,210,306,311,330,380,439, Amplexograptlas vasae Zone (Scania), 11 440,472,473,474 Anastrophia deflexa (J. de C . Sowerby),63,226 English alphabetizationis used throughout this index. Consequently, the Swedish A and A are treated as A’s, and the 8 is treated as 0.

496

INDEX

Ancylus lake, 6,208,225,241,257,281, 282,286,292,312,352 Andersson, G., 423,477 Anga Parish Fjile, 339 Angelin, N.P., 424,477 Angopora hisingeri, see Thecia hisingeri Annelida, 423,425,427 in Karlsoarna, 226 in reef and crinoid limestones of Gotland, 62,307,331,381 Annual growth rings in corals, 434 Anthozoa, 423 Heliolitida, 61-62, 71, 72, 84, 92, 226, 278,279,307,330,380,425,427,429 Tabulata, 61, 71,72, 125, 226, 278, 306,330,380,425,427,429,455 Tetracoralla, 60-61,71, 108, 118, 226, 278,306,330,380,426,429, 433 Antirhynchonella linguifera (J. de C Sowerby), 63,226,427 Anthraconite, 12 Anticosti Island, 55 Apatobolbina simplicidorsata Martinsson, 278 Apatobolbina tricuspidata Martinsson, 278 Arachnoidea, 424 Arachnophyllum, 461 Arachnophyllum shale (Gotland), 33,42 Aragonite, 75,78 Archaean, 8 Gotland, 29,30 Arctinurus, 67,309 Arctinurus ornatus (Angelin), 67, 309, 333 Ardennes (Belgium), 56 Ardre Odekyrka, 134 Ardre Parish Aikse Bakke, 367 Ardre Odekyrka, 134 Dgelhammar, 6,42, 179,190,191,194, 195,200, 203, 206,209,375,377, 378,379,380-384,385,386, 436, 437,440,444 Hemse Beds, 351 Kaupungsklint, 6,134,351,352,367, 380-384

.

Ardre Parish (continued) Ljugarn, 6,37,42,58,179,183,187, 190, 191,200,201,202,203,212, 223,377,380-384,384,386,439 Petsarveklint, 6,351,367 Arenigian, 25 palaeogeography, 24,25 Arkell, W.J., 191,477 Arthropoda, 74,75-76,120,423 Arachnoidea, 424 Crustaceae, 74,423 Hexapoda, 424 Ostracoda, 68, 76, 176, 228, 229, 278, 309,333,384,425,428 Trilobita, 67-68, 75-76, 181, 192, 227,229, 278,309,333,384,425, 429,460 Arukula Stage (Esthonia), 17 Asaphus expansus Limestone (Oland), 11 Asaphus lepidurus Limestone (Oland), 11 Asaphus Limestone (Oland), 10 Asaphus raniceps Limestone (Oland), 11 Asaphus Series Gotland, 31, 32,48,49 Oland, 11, 12,48 palaeogeography, 25,49 Scania, 11 Vastergotland, 11 Ascoceras, 67, 333, 383 Ascoceras bohemicum Barrande, 67 Ascoceras cochleatum Lindstriim, 67 Ascoceras cucumis Lindstrom, 67, 383 Ascoceras decipiens Lindstrom, 67, 383 Ascoceras fistula Lindstrom, 67, 333 Ascoceras gradatum Lindstrom, 67 Ascoceras lagena Lindstrom, 67,333 Ascoceras layer, 34 Ascoceras limestone, 180 Ascoceras manubrium Lindstrom, 67,383 Ascoceras pupa Lindstrom, 67,383 Ascoceras reticulatum Lindstrom, 67,383 Ascoceras sipho Lindstrom, 67, 383 Aseri Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Ashgdlian (Swedish mainland), 25 Xske (Stora Karlso), 228, 232, 235,252 Associated organisms, see Reef dwellers Asteroidea, 424 Asunden, 209 Atla member (Esthonia), 20

INDEX

Attypa, 280 Attypa imbricata, see Plectatrypa imbricata Atlypa lamellosa (Lovkn), 425 A ttypa marginalis, see Plectatrypa marginalis “Atrypa”phoca Salter, 63 “Attypa” pusilh (Hisinger), 425 Attypa reticularis (Linnaeus), 63, 226, 232,236,240,249,307 317,331, 381,425,428 Attypina angelini (Lindstrom), 63,307 Aulacophyllum angelini Wedekind, 426 Aulacophyllum linnarssoni Wedekind, 426 Aulopora, 19,61, 85,226,306,330, 362, 365,380,425 Aulopora roemeri Foerste, 61,380,425 Aurivillius, C.W.S., 423,477 Ausarveklint (Linde), 174,369 Austerberg (Stora Karlso), 228, 235 Austerberg Limestone (Stora Karlso), 225, 226-228,232,235-236,242,257, 272,275,336 Australia Devonian, 55 Silurian, 55 Austre (Vamlingbo), 42, 179,419,420 Austria Gosau Formation, 432 Autodetus, 427 Autodetus calyptratus (Schrenk), 62,381 Axelsro (Vasterhejde), 4, 5, 79, 84,87,88, 91,93,94,98,101,103,104,289 Aymestrian, 33 Badgley, P.C., 49, 52,477 Bahamas, 397 Ball-stones,32 Bd Parish pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45 Slite 111 Beds, 3 15 Baltic Ice Sea, 241 Baltic Sea floor, 7,8,457 Baltic Series (Esthonia), 15,17 Barabacke (Horsne), 51,312,326, 330-333,334,335 Bara Odekyrka (Horsne), 47,326,327, 329,330-333,334 Bara oolite, 327,334,335,336

497 Barrandeocrinus sceptrum Angelin, 62,331 Barymetopon infantile Martinsson, 278 Bassler, R.S., 424,477 Baste Tr’dsk (Fleringe), 46 Bather, F.A., 56,424,477 Bed, 121 Beds, 39 Bekker, H., 18,477 Belgium Devonian, 56,438,460 Bell, A., 458,478 Bellerophon, 65, 332,429 Bellerophon gemma Lindstrom, 65,382 Bellerophon taenia Lindstrom, 65, 382 Berenicea consimilis (Lonsdale), 62,381, 427 Bergenhayn, J.R.M.,423,424,478 Bersier, A. and Vernet, J.P., 396,397,478 Betic Cordilleras (Spain), 76 Beyershamn (Uland), 10 Beyrichia, 68,309,333 Beyrichia bicuspis Kiesow, 304 Beyrichia buchiana (Jones), 425 Beyrichia clavata, see Craspedobolbina clavata Beyrichia halliana Martinsson, 304 Beyrichia hirsuta Martinsson, 278 Beyrichia hystricoides Martinsson, 304 Beyrichia Iauensis Kiesow, 428 Beyrichia maccoyiana (Jones), 425 Beyrichia nodulosa Boll, 425 Beyrichia ponderosa Martinsson, 305 Beyrichia spinigera Boll, 428 Beyrichia steusloffi Krause, 428 Beyrichienkalk, 44 Beyrichiidae, 428 Billingen Age, 24,25 Bilobites bilobus, see Dicaelosia biloba Binger Limestone, 34 Bingeria cyamoides Martinsson, 305 Bingeria zygophora Martinsson, 305 Bingerskvarn (Visby), 309 Bioherm definition, 54 waistcoat-pocket form, 70,71 Biostromes biostromal expansions of reefs, 118 definition, 54 in Esthonia, 457

498 Biostromes (continued) in Karlsoarna, 229 reefs approaching biostromal appearance, 54,359 stromatoporoid limestone in Hemse Beds, 363 in Upper Visby Beds, 279,280 in view of Hadding, 54 Bissell, H.J. and Chilingar, G.V., 396,478 Bjars (Vasterhejde), 3 13 Bjerges Station (Vhge), 338 Bjers' Hdlar (Guldrupe), 338, 348 B l W (Tofta), 81, 87, 89, 101 Blastoidea, 461 Blue Clay (Esthonia), 15 Boda (Oland), 14 Bijda-hamn (Oland), 10 Boda Limestone (Dalecarlia), 25 Bodarna (Lilla Karlso), 237,241,263,264, 265,266 Bofrideklint (Alskog), 367-368 Bogeklint (Boge), 6,47,51, 121, 123,209, 214,215,217,221,312,316, 320-322,330-333,446 Boge Parish Bogeklint (Klinteklint), 6,47,51, 121, 123,209,214,215,217,221,312, 316,320-322,330-333,446 Tjelders, 209,325,326 Tjeldersholm,47,316,317,326, 330-333 Mger, H., 424,478 Bohlin, B., 12,478 Boll, E., 423,478 Bonde (Lau), 349 Borg, F., 424,478 Borgholm (Mand), 9, 10 Borings Burgwik, 392,393 East Baltic area, 14,19,21 File Haidar, 14,29,31,32,42,48 Oland, 9,12 Ringe (Denmark), 25 Vamlingbo, 392,409 Visby, 14,29,32,48 Borkholmschichten(Esthonia), 16, 32 Bornholm (Denmark), 25 Botke, J., 423,478 Botryocrinus, 62,331

INDEX

Botvide (Lau), 388,390 Boucot, A.J., 424,478 Bouma, A.H., 402 Brachiopoda,424 guide fossils, 425 in Karlsoarna, 226-227, 230, 249, 252, 253,265 in marly sediments, 278,427-428,429 in normal stratified limestones, 101, 103,108,109,429 persistent fossils, 425 in reef limestones, 63-64,75, 85, 120, 181, 192, 249,252,253, 265, 307-308,331-332,381-382,429, 460,461 in reef-surroundingsediments, 63-64, 230,307-308,331-332,381-382 Brachyprion walmstedti (Lindstrom), 278 BrandAkers-udd (Gammelgarn), 375 Bringes (Oja), 412 Bringes (Vange), 173 Brissund (Vaskinde), 6, 126, 139, 145, 168,281,291,292,293,295 Bronni Limestone (Scania), 11 Bronaderrose (Lilla Karlso), 237,266, 267,268,269 Bronteus polyactin, see Scutellum polyactin Bro Parish Suderbys, 3 15 Broskogs (FAro), 3 14 Bro-trask (StBnga), 369 Bvggans Fisklage (Gothem), 47,334 Brygge (Stora Karlso), 228,229, 23 1, 232 Bryozoa, 55,424 in Karlsoarna, 73,226,229,243,247, 249, 250, 252, 253, 259, 261, 262, 263,265,266,269 in marly sediments, 229,427 persistent fossils, 425 reef builders in Esthonia, 20,457 reef builders in Gotland, 62-63,73,77, 85, 118, 158, 181, 182, 189, 195, 197, 201, 205,305,307,331,381, 387,406,407,473 reef dwellers in American Silurian,460 m Visby Beds, 103,278 Building Limestone, see Lasnarniigi Stage Bumastus, 67,227,309,333,365,384 Bumastus sulcatus Lindstrom, 67,333,429

499

INDEX

Bungenas (Bunge), 5 1 Bunge Parish Bungenas, 5 1 Enenas, 3 16 Grundudden, 3 16 Slite marlstone, 47,334 Slite I11 Beds, 316 Utbunge, 3 16 Burgen (Burs), 51,405,406,407,413, 417,418,421 Burgsvik (tlja), 6,37,49, S1,392,393, 399,400,402,407 Burgwik Beds, 392-408 average dip of strata, 45,47 boundary with Eke Beds, 421 boundary with Hamra-Sundre Beds, 409,421 claystone, 393,398 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35 core drilling at Burgsvik, 392,393 correlation with other areas, 42,43,44, 394 environment of formation, 407,408, 474,475 facies fossils, 427,428,429 joints, 49, 51, 52 marlstone, 398 oolite, 46,393,394-397,398,399, 400,401,407,409,410,474 reef limestones, 58,60-67, 115, 405-407,474,475 sandstone, 116,393,394,398-405 stem diameter of crinoids, 449,450 stratified sediments, 60-67, 393-405 thickness, 392, 393,421,471 Burgsviken, 5,392 Burgsvik Folgen, 35,39, 40,42 Burgsvik Sandstone in stratigraphy by Van Hoepen, 34 Burgsvik Sandstone and Oolite in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Burrows, 29,31,76,401 Burs Parish Burgen, 51,405,406,407,413,417, 418,421 Eke Beds, 387 Hummelbosholmen, 387 Burtnicki Stage (Esthonia), 17

Buttle Parish Buttle Station, 173 Byrum (Oland), 10 Byxelkrok (tlland), 10 Calceocrinus, 62,331,381 Calcite direct crystallization, 126 filling cavities in reef limestone, 78 filing joints, 49, 51 recrystallized from aragonite, 75 structure in oolites, 396 Caledonian orogeny, 456 Callonema obesum Lindstrom, 278 Callonema scalariforme Lindstrom, 278 Calostylis denticulatu (Kjerulf), 60,306, 426 Calymene, 67,227,309,333,384 Calymene excavata Lindstrom, 67 Calymene neointermedia R. et E. Richter, 67 Calymene spectabilis Angelin, 67,384 Calymene tuberculata (Briinn), 67,309, 333,425 Camarotoechia, 63,331 Camarotoechia borealis (Buch), 63, 227, 232,249,269,307,331,425 Camarotoechia diodonta (Dalman), 63, 331,381,425 Camarotoechia nucula (J. de C. Sowerby), 63,307,331,381,425 Cambrian Baltic basin, 7,8,9,21,22,23 Bthonia, 7,14,15-16,17 Gotland, 29,30,31 Gotska Sandon, 13, 14 Norway, 21 Oland, 7,9-12,14,21,48,49 palaeogeography, 21,22,23,48 reef formation, 55 Swedish mainland, 7,21,49 Camerata, 452,461 Canada Silurian, 458 Carozzi, A.V., 458,460,461,478,491 Catazygafurcata (Sowerby), 20 Catenipora escharoides Lamarck, 61,278, 427 "Caunapora", 440 Cayeux, L., 395,396,397,478

500

Cement factory raukar field (Slite), 321,323 Central Lilla Karlso reef limestone, 236, 237,239,240,241,258,259-260, 263,265,266,273,275,276 Cephalograptus cometa Zone (Gotland), 32,42 Cephalopoda, 67,75,85,181,227,278, 309,333,383-384,424,460 Cephalopoda stratum, 33 Ceramopora lindstromi Hisinger, 278,427 Ceratopyge Limestone Gland, 11 Scania, 11 Vastergotland, 11 Ceratopyge Series Gotland, 31 Oland, 11,12,48 palaeogeography,48 Scania, 11 Vastergiitland, 11 Ceratopyge Shales (Oland), 11 Chamberlin, T.C., 458,478 Chapman, T., 423,478 Chasmops Limestone Gland, 10 Vastergiitland, 11 Chasmops macrourns Limestone Oland, 11 Vastergotland, 11 Chasmops Series Gotland, 31,32 Oland, 11, 12 Chilidiopsispecten (Linnaeus), 63, 227, 307,331,427 Chilingar, G.V., 396,478,493 Chitinozoa, 423 Choanoceras mutabile Lindstrom, 67, 333 Chonetes, 63,307, 33 1,428 Chonetes cingulatus Lindstrom, 428 Ch netes gotlandicus Hede, 63,428 C onetes striatellus (Dalman), 63, 269, 381,428 Chonetoideagrayi (Davidson), 63, 331 Chonophyllum patellatum, see Ptychophyllum patelbtum Chordata Pisces, 424 Cilia, 445

i

INDEX

Ciliophora, 76 Clathrodictyon, 69 Clathrodictyonstriatellum (d'orbigny), 60,85,226,330 Clathrodictyon variolare Rosen, 60, 306 Clathrodictyon vesiculosum Nicholson et Murie, 60,306 Cliffs, 4, 5, 8 Cliftonia lindstr6mi ulrich et Cooper, 63, 307,429 Climmograptushaddingi Zone (Scania), 11 Clint complex on Baltic Sea floor, 8 Clint Level, 34 Clintiella bingeriana Martinsson, 305 Clisiophyllum involutum Edwards et Haime, 60,278,426 Clorinda community, 329 Cloud, P.E., Jr., 466,478 Coated grains, 396 Coelenterata, 423 (see further Corals) Coenites, 62,331, 381,427,461 Coenites repens (Wahlenberg), 62,331, 381,457 Coenites variabilis Hisinger, 62 Coenostroma discoideum. see Stromatopora discoideum Colonus Series Gotland, 43 Scania, 26,27,43 Colpos insignis Moberg, 428 Colter, V.S., 53, 75,76, 77,78, 85, 176, 444,455,456,462,478 Competition between reefs, 135-138,299, 311,415,417 Compound reefs, 125,139-143,288, 293,297,459 Conchicolites, 62,307, 331,381,427 Conchicolites nicholsoni Vine, 62 Conchicolites tu berculiferus Chapman, 62 Conchidium, 63,381 Conchidium biloculare (Hisinger), 227,276 Conchidium conchidium (Linnaeus), 63, 337,381 Conchidium knighti ( J . Sowerby), 63,381 Conchidium sculpturn (Walmstedt), 63, 227,232,236,331 Conchidiu m tenuistriatu m (Walmstedt), 63,316,331,425

501

INDEX

Conchidium tenuistriaturn Zone, 3 13 Conglomerates, 10,12,15, 18,20,26, 172,284 Cmocardium, 65,75,308,332,382, 425 Conularia laevis Lindstrom, 65,332 Conularidae, 461 Coquina, crinoid, see Crinoid limestones Corals, 55,423 annual growth rings, 434 branched, 63,64,118,119,122,158, 187,201,261,262,263,302,305, 432,435,455 competition with stromatoporoids, 229,244,245,438,439,440 compound, 71,72,101,103,109, 111,112,339,435-438 Favositidae, 84,279,439,456 growth forms, 71-73,84,102,430-433 Halysitidae, 84,85 Heliolitida, 61-62,71,72,84,92, 226,278,279,307,330,380,425, 427,429 life orientation, 83,84,148,154,262, 288,301,435-438,456 overgrown by stromatoporoids,439 palaeoecology, 71-73,83,84,85, 229,263,429-438,438-440 persistent fossils, 425 rate of growth, 430-432,468 reef builders in American Silurian, 460,461 reef builders in Belgian Devonian, 438 reef builders in British Wenlockian, 455-456 reef builders in Esthonia, 19,457 reef builders in Gotland, 60-62, 71-73,83,84,85,114,117-118,

122,125,129,148,151,154,158, 173,176,181,182,184,185-187, 189,195,197,302,303,306-307, 330,380,472,473 reef builders in Karlsoama, 71,243, 244,245,247,249,250,252,254, 259,261,262,263,265,266, 269 rhythmic growth patterns, 433-434 social, see compound

Corals (continued) solitary, 71,74,85,101,103,108, 109,118,154,158,185,229,253, 269,279,294,300,301,430 Tabulata, 61,71,72,125,226,278, 306,330,380,425,427,429,455 Tetracoralla, 60-61,71,108,118, 226,278,306,330,380,426,429, 433 Cornellites damesi (philippi), 428 Cornellites sowerbyi (McCoy), 428 Cornulites, 62,226,307,331,427 Cornulites scalariformis Vine, 62,331 Comulites serpularius Schlotheim, 62, 331,381,425 Cornwallis Island, 55 Corynotrypa dissimilis (Vine), 427 Cosmiolithus halysitoides Lindstrom, 61 , 427 Cosmiolithus omatus Lindstrom, 427 Crania, 63 Craniops implicata (J. de C. Sowerby), 63,381,425,428 Craspedobolbinaclavata (Kolmodin), 68, 228,333,428 Craspedobolbinainsulicola Martinsson, 228 Craspedobolbinajuguligera Martinsson, 278 Craspedobolbina mucronulata Martinsson, 305 Oaspedobolbina percurrens Martinsson, 305 Craspedobolbinauncilifera Martinsson, 304 Craspedostoma, 65,333 Craspedostoma elegantulum Lindstrom, 65,332,382 Craspedostomaglabmm Lindstrom, 65, 382 Crassicauda Limestone Oland, 11 Vastergijtland, 11 Crepipora lunariata Hisinger, 278,427 Crescent-shapedreefs, 189-191,211,372, 374,375,386 Crevice, see Fissure Crinoidea, 424 average diameter of stem fragments, 448-451

502

Crinoidea (continued) in Karlsoarna, 226, 231,239, 242, 245,247,249,250,255 in North America, 452,454,460,461, 463-464 in reef limestones in Gotland, 59, 62, 74-75,85,120,182,184,185,186, 187, 188,189, 192, 194,205, 307, 331,347,381,448,449,450,451, 463-464 in reef-surrounding sediments in Gotland, 62,75,85, 103, 168, 182,214,221, 222,231,269,290, 291,307,331, 381,446-448,449-451,452,461, 463-464 palaeoecology, 114, 229,446-454, 46 1,463-464 Crinoid limestones fossil content, 60-67, 165, 306-309, 330-333,380-384 Hoburg “marble”, 103, 117, 144, 168, 246,286,411,412,413,415,451,453 in Karlsoarna, 103, 245, 246,247,248, 249,254,255,257,259,262,266, 269 intercalated in reef limestone, 191, 198,199,254,255,345,449 surrounding reef limestones in Gotland, 85,103,117,134,144,145, 157, 158, 165, 166, 168, 176, 189-190,191,214-218,246,285, 286,290,291,293,300,304,326, 339,340,348,368,387,390,405, 406,411,412,413,415,446-448, 449,45 1,453,498 Crosfield, M.C.and Johnston, M.S.,455, 456,478 Cross-bedding, 26, 129, 130, 169, 170, 176,284, 285,291, 305,340,344, 345,347,348, 349,357,368,387, 398,399,405,406,407,411,412, 418,448 Cross joints, 49, 5 1 Crotalocrinus, 62,45 2 Crustacea, 74,423 Qenodonta sulcata (Hisinger), 429 Cudovo Stage (Esthonia), 17 Cumings, E.R.,54,458,478,479 Current bedding, 171, 172

INDEX

cllspate reefs, 211 Cuvillier, J. and Sacal, V., 76,479 Cyathocrinitespentagonalis Goldfuss, 452 Cyathocrinus, 62,307,331 Cyathophyllum, 60,380 Cyathophyllum bisectum, 60, 380 Cyclonema, 65,333,382,429 Cyclonema adstrictum Lindstrom, 65,382 Cyclonema apicatum Lindstrom, 65,382 Cyclonema cancellatum Lindstrom, 65, 382 Cyclonema carinatum (Sowerby), 65 Cyclonema delicatulum Lindstrom, 278 Cyclonema distans Lindstrom, 65, 382 Cyclonema injlata, see Cyclotrypa infzata Cyclonema giganteum Lindstrom, 278 Cyclonema pervemum Lindstrom, 65,382 Cyclonema tum’tumLindstrom, 65,308 Cyclonema zonatum Lindstrom, 65,382 Cjxlotrypa injlata (Hisinger), 427 Cypricardinia, 65, 308, 332,425 Cypricardinia crispula (Lindstrom), 65 Cypricardinia exornata Lindstrom in museo,, 65,382 Cyrtia exporrecta (Wahlenberg), 63, 227, 329,331,428 Cyrtia trapezoidalis (Hisinger), 428 Cyrtograptus lapwrthi Zone (Scania), 25 Cyrtograptus Series Gotland, 43 Scania, 25-26,43 Cystiphyllum, 229 Cystiphyllum cylindricum Lonsdale, 60, 226,249,306,330,426 Ostiphyllum siluriense Lonsdale, 426 Cystiphyllum tenue Wedekind, 426 Cystiphyllum visbyense Wedekind, 426 Cystoidea, 461 Cytherellina siliqua (Jones), 425 Dago, see Hiiumaa Dalecarlia Ordovician, 25 Silurian, 26 Dalmanella basalis, see Resserella basalis Dalmanella canaliculata, see Levenea canaliculata Dalmanella elegantula, see Resserella elegantula

INDEX

Dahanella visbyensis, see Resserella visbyensis Dalinanites imbricatulus (Angelin), 67, 333 Dalmnites obhcsus (Lindstrom), 67,384 Dalmanitina Limestone Scania, 11 Vastergotland, 11 Dalmanitina Series, 25 Gotland, 31,32 Oland, 11 Ostergijtland, 11,25 Scania, 11 Vastergotland, 25 Dalmanitina Shales (Scania), 11 Dalmanophyllum dalmani, see Syringaxon dalmani Dames, W.,479 on reef limestones, 56 on Spongiae, 423 stratigraphicalviews, 7, 33 Davidson, T. and King, W.,424,479 Davis, R.A., Jr., 395,397,479 Dawsonoceras annulatum (J. Sowerby), 67,227,309 Dayia flags, 34,352,386,388,390,391 Dayia navicula (J. de C . Sowerby), 63,352, 381,390,427 Days, number per year, 434 Degerhamn (Uland), 10 De Jekhowsky, B., 423,491 Delthyris elevata Dalman, 63,227,307, 331,381,425 Depressions in reefs, debris-filled Hoburgen-type reefs, 145, 147-149, 161,162,299,355,437,450 Holmar-type reefs, 187, 191, 192-194,223,377,420,448,450, 451,453 Stiiurnasar-typereets, 245 Depressionsin reefs, with different fauna, 73,437 pools in Hoburgen-typereefs, 144, 149, 323,367,371,437 pools in HolMar-type reefs, 187, 191,192,194-196,203,377,420, 441-442 pools in Scurnasar-type reefs, 245

503 Depressionsunderneath reefs Hoburgen-type reefs, 46, 145, 1 5 4 155, 156, 174,288,290,295,352, 388,390,413,414,468 Holmhiillar-type reefs, 375 Grlsoarna, 229, 232,245, 246, 248, 251,252 Upper Visby-type reefs, 93,97,98,99, 101,104,109,112 De Sitter, L.U., 203,479 Detritus layer (Esthonia), 18 De Verneuil, E., 424,479 Devonian Australia, 55 Baltic basin, 7, 8 Belgium, 56,438,460 boundary with Silurian, 43-44,394 Esthonia, 7, 14, 17, 20, 2 1 Gotland, 4 3 4 4 , 3 9 4 Oslo area, 14 reef formation, 55 Sahara, 76 Dicaelosia, 280 Dicaelosia biloba (Linnaeus), 63,227, 232, 269,329,381,427 Dicaelosia verneuilana (Lindstrom), 63, 307,427 Dicranograptus clingani Zone (Scania), 11 Dictyonella, 63, 331 Dictyonella capewelli (Davidson), 63, 307 Dictyonema, 426 Dictyonema Shales Esthonia, 16, 18 Uland, 11,12 Didymograptus Shale (Scania), 11 Differential compression, 46, 120, 140, 155,156,174,176,295,435 Dinant basin (Belgium), 438 Dinobulus davidsoni (Salter), 280,429 Dinophyllum hisingeri (Edwardset Haime), 426 Dinophyllum involutum, see Clisiophyllum involutum Dinorthis rigida (Davidson), 63,381 Dinorthis rustica, see Dolerorthis rustica @P joints, 49, 51 of reef-debris pieces, 219,221-224 of strata in Gotland, 32,46-49,311, 334,407,421

504

Diplocraterion parellelum Thorell, 29 Diploepora gruyi (Edwards et Haime), 60, 306,330,380 Diplograptus molestus Zone (Scania), 11 Discontinuity between Hemse and Eke Beds, 40,41, 43,391,474 between Hogklint and Slite Beds, 309, 310 between Hogklint and Tofta limestones, 284,309,310 between Tofta and Slite limestones, 309,310 on Karlsoarna, 233,234,239,240, 242,273-275,276 Discordant bedding, 398 Djupvik (Oland), 10 Djupvik FisHage (Eksta), 275 Djupviks Fisklage (Krliklingbo), 350 Dokophyllum hogbomi Wedekind, 60,306 Dolerorthis rustica (J. de C. Sowerby), 63,227,276,331,381 Dolomithation, 126,459,460 Downtonian Gotland, 439 44 Great Britain, 43, 44 Downward-slippingphenomena, 233, 276,273-275 Dudley (Great Britain), 456 Dybowsky, W., 423,479

Echinodermata, 424 Asteroidea, 424 Crinoidea, 59,62,74-75,85, 103, 114,120,168,182,184,185,186, 187, 188, 189, 192, 194, 205,214, 221,222,226,229, 231,239,242, 245,247,249,250,255,269,290, 291,307,331,347,381,424, 446-454,460,461,463-464 Echinoidea, 424 Pelmatozoa non Crinoidea, 424 Echinosphaeritenkalkstein(Esthonia), 16 Echinosphaerites Limestone (Oland), 11 Eisenack, A., 423,424,479 Eke Beds, 387-392 average dip of strata, 47 boundary with Burgsvik Beds, 421

INDEX

Eke Beds (continued) bounda& with Hemse Beds, 40,41, 43, 391,474 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35 correlation with other areas, 43,391 environment of formation, 391-392, 474 facies fossils, 428 guide fossils, 425 in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 in view of Jux, 40 reef limestones, 58,60-67, 115, 123, 387-391,448,451,453,474,475

stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450, 45 1 stratified sediments, 60-67, 156,387 thickness, 387,420,421,471 Eke Parish Eke Beds, 387 Ekmyr (Garde), 349 Eksta Parish Djupvik Fisklage, 275 Lilla Karlso, 209, 225,226-228, 236-241,242,243,258-272, 273-275,275--276,336,435,436,

437,473,475 Stora Karlso, 37,71,209,225,225-236, 242-258,272,273,274,275-276, 336,473,475 Elevation of reefs over sea floor, 216, 468-469 Elles, G.L. and Wood, E.M.R., 42,479 Encrinurus laevis (Angel$, 67,278 Encrinurus obtusus (Angelin), 67 Encrinurus punctatus (Wahlenberg), 67, 227,240,309,333,384,425 Endre Parish Endre Backe, 217,328 Lilla Fjells, 328 Enenas (Bunge), 3 16 England Ludlowian, 43,44 Wenlockian, 75,76,77,78,439, 455-456,463 Entelophyllum fasciculatum Wedekind, 60,330,380 Entelophyllum roemen Wedekind, 226

INDEX

Entomis migrans Barrande, 428 Enviken (Hamra), 412,420 E'ophacops, 67 Eophacops rnusheni (Salter), 67 Eophyton Sandstone (Esthonia), 15 Eospirifer, 63,332 Eospirifer globosus (Salter), 63,332 Eospirifergrandis (Hedstrom), 63, 332 Eospirifer interlineatus (Hedstrom, non J. de C. Sowerby), 63,276,332,381 Eospirifer interlineatus (J. de C . Sowerby), 227 Eospirifer marklini De Verneuil, 278 Eospirifer plicatellus (Linnaeus), 427 Eospirifer radiants (J. de C. Sowerby), 63,227,307,427 Eospirifer schmidti (Lindstrom), 63,381 Eospirifer sinuosus (Hedstrom), 63, 332 Eospirifer sulcatus (Hisinger), 63 Eosteinhomensis conodont zone, 44 Epeirogenetic movements, 1,27,47,48,49, 52, 190,276, 285,311, 336,349, 386,421,472,473,474,475 Erosion of Halla limestone during Silurian, 334, 335,336 of reef limestone during Palaeozoic, 132, 134, 177,310,314,353,359, 468 Erosion channels, 401,402 Eskelhem Parish VaUve, 313 Esthonia Cambrian, 7,14,15-16,17 crystalline basement, 15 Devonian, 7,14,17,20,21 Ordovician, 7,9,16-19., 25,456 Silurian, 7,9,17,19-21,25,27, 456-458,463 Etelhems limestone, 180 Etelhem Parish cross-roads Etelhem-Garde-Lye,168, 368,380-384 Hagby-trask,369,370, 380-384 Ovre Lundsmyr, 173 Sigvalde-trask,369,380-384 Eucalyptocrinus granulatus Lewis, 62,307 Euchiysalis lineolata Lindstrom, 65,382

505 Buomphalopterus alatus (Wahlenberg), 65, 227,308,333,425 Euomphalus walmstedti Lindstrom, 65, 382 Eurypterus, 20 Euiypterus fischeri Eichwald, 350 Euspirocrinus spiralis Angelin, 62, 307, 331 Exporrecta Conglomerate, see Oligomys exporrecta Conglomerate Exposures, nature of, 6 Facies fossils,424,426-429 Faecal pellets, 76, 176 Filgelhammar (Ardre) depressions within the reefs, 194, 195 environment of reef formation, 42,386 fissures in reef limestone, 200,203 fossil content, 380-384 general description, 375,377,378, 379,385 orientation of coral colonies, 436,437 origin of raukar field, 6, 179,209 reef debris, 206 shape and size of reefs, 190,191,375 stromatoporoid growth forms, 440,

444

Fiihraeus, L.E., 44,479 Faludden (Oja), 179, 190,411,412,420 Fanterna (Stora Karlso), 228, 231,233, 234,235,243; 252,253 Fanterna reef limestone (Stora Karlso), 231,235,236, 238, 243,252,253, 254,256 Fanterna reef type, 68, 71, 72, 231, 236, 243,253,473 Fardenia pecten, see Chilidiopsis pecten Fardhem Parish Sandarve Kulle, 372,380-384 Farjestaden (Oland), 1o Filro Limestone, 34 Filro Parish, 37, 283,310 Aiketrask, 3 14 Broskogs, 3 14 Holmudden Lighthouse, 3 16 joints, 51 Kalbjerga, 314 Lansa, 314

506 F%roParish fcontinued) Lauterhorn, 284 Lautur, 314 Ryssnas, 3 16 Faults, 45,46, 133,274,285,290,301 Faunal zonation within a reef, 244,245, 438,459-461 Favosites, 61, 84,92, 108, 129,232, 236, 249,254, 260,266, 269, 271, 272, 306,330,365,380,427,434,439, 457,460 Favosites asper d'orbigny, 61, 306, 330 Favosites clausus Lindstrom, 84 Favosites forbesi Edwards et Haime, 84 Favosites gothlandicus Lamarck, 61, 72, 84,226,306,330,380,425,434 Favosites mirandus Sok., 457 Favositidae, 84, 279,439,456 Fenestella, 62, 85,226,269,307,331, 381,427 Fenestella mobergi Hennig, 62,307,331 Fenestella reticulara (Hisinger), 62, 307, 331,381,425 Fennoscandian crystalline basement, 7,9, 27 Fenton, C.L., 458,479 Fideniis (Fide), 49, 51 Fide Parish Burgsvik Beds, 392,401 Burgsviken, 5,392 Fidenas, 49,5 1 fossil offshore bars, 400 Rommunds, 395 Tubode Fisklage, 392 File (Othem), 315 File Haidar (Othem), 6, 14,29,31,32, 42,48,312,316,325 Finnish Gulf, 9 Fischer, A.G., 434,479 Fissures in Hoburgen-typereefs, 152-1 53,328 in Holrddler-type reefs, 188, 200-205,420 in Rojsuhajd reef, 250 Fistulipora, 63,73,307,331, 381 Fistulipora membranacea Hisinger, 427 Fistulipora mutabilis Hisinger, 427 Fjde (Anga), 339

INDEX

Flank reefs, GotIand, 93 Lilla Karlso, 236,239,240, 243,259, 260,263-272,273,274,275,276 North America, 459 Stora Karlso, 233,243,274,275 Fleringe Parish Baste Trask, 46 Hau, 46 Molnars, 3 15 Nors, 314 Tralgar, 315 Vialms, 310,314,315 Vialms-udd, 51 Fletcheria, 46 1 Flexibilia, 461 Flexure, 140 Flinta, 392,393,394 Fluctuations in reef growth, 134-135, 148 Riigel, E., 438,440,479 Flute marks, 402 Fole Parish, 217 Lillfole, 328 Slite I11 Beds, 315, 316 Stora Hellvigs, 328 Stora Ryftes, 315 Follingbo Limestone, 34 Follingbo Marl,34 Follingbo Parish Norrbys, 217 Stora Vede, 217,328,436 Folmanella duplicata (Lindstrom in museo), 429 Fora (Oland), 10 Foraminifera, 423 Forse (Stenkumla), 313 Fortier, Y.O.,458,491 Frasnian Belgium, 438 Esthonia, 17,21 Freeman, T., 395,397,479 Fridhem (Vasterhejde), 79,92, 105, 106, 107 Frojel Fisklage (Frojel), 275 Frojelklint (Frojel), 6, 347,348 Frojel Parish Alstiide, 51 Frojel Fisklage, 275

INDEX

Frojel Parish (continued) Frojelklint, 6,347,348 Mulde-Stenstu, 51 Mulde Tegelbruk, 335 Pristklint, 348 F r o m , E., 27,479 Furillen (Rute), 47 Fusion of reefs, 128, 138-139,303,340 Galgberg (Visby), 6, 51,77, 123, 126, 282,285,286,291,292,306-309 Galgberg Extension (Visby), 292,435, 436,437 Gdlungs (Vaskinde), 3 15 Gammelgam Parish BrMdikers-udd, 375 Grynge-udd Fisklage, 375 Herrgkdsklint, 363,365 Klinteklint, 6, 123, 163, 164, 217, 218,223,352,365-367 Sjausterhammar,5 1, 180, 189, 190, 191, 206,207,209,375,376,377, 443 Gannberg (Ostergarn), 6, 134, 351, 352-357,359,380-384,386, 436,445 Gannberg variety of Hoburgen reef type, 69,357,362,363 Ganne (Ostergarn), 352 Ganwiken, 5 Ganthem Parish Klinteberg Beds, 337 Garde Parish Ekmyr, 349 Guffrideklint, 352,368,386 Sigsarve, 51 Gardrungs (Stenkumla), 328,330-333 Gardslosa (Oland), 10 Gastropoda, 424 in Karlsoarna, 227,229 in marly sediments, 229,278,429 persistent fossils, 425 in reef limestones, 65-66,75,85, 120,181,308,332-333,382-383, 460 in reef-surroundingsediments, 65-66, 75,192,308,332-333,382-383 Gauja Stage (Esthonia), 17 Gdovi Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17

507 Geological map, added as enclosure to this book Geomorphology of Gotland, 3,4-5,45, 3 12,349,407 Gigantostraca, 350 Gigas Limestone, see Megistaspis gigas Limestone Girvanella, 74,410 Girvanella limestone, 73,409 Girvanella problematica Stolley, 73 Gisslauseklint (Othem), 152,312,325 Gissocrinus, 62,307,331,381 Givetian (Esthonia), 17,21 Gjaus-hill (Stora Karlso), 228, 236 Glassia compressa (J. de C . Sowerby), 427 Glassia obovata (J. de C . Sowerby), 227, 427 Glauconite, 388,391 Glauconite Limestone, see Toila Stage Glauconite Sandstone (Esthonia), 16, 18 Glauconitkalkstein(Esthonia), 16 Glauconitsand (Esthonia), 16 Glossoceras gracile Barrande, 67,384 Glossograptus hincksi Zone (Scania), 11 Gnisvards Fisklage (Tofta), 279 Goldberg, E.D., 396,480 Gomphoceras, 67,384 Coniastrea aspera Verrill, 43 1 Goniophora cymbaeformis (J. de C . Sowerby), 65,382 Goniophyllum pyramidale (Hisinger), 60, 278,426 Gorbatschev, R., 14,480 Goreau, T., 43 1,480 Gosau Formation (Austria), 432 Gothem Parish Bryggans Fisklage, 47,334 pseudo-tectonicphenomena, 45 Gothograptus nassa (Holm), 426 Gotland, general Cambrian, 29,30,31 climate, 2-3 correlation with Karlsoama, 275-276, 336 Devonian, 4 3 4 4 , 3 9 4 geographicallocation, 2 geomorphology, 3,4-5,45,312,349, 407 history, 3

508 Gotland, general (continued) history of study of geology, 32-42, 55-56 military territories, 3 Ordovician, 30,31,32 present vegetation, 2-3 Gotska Sandon, 12-14 Algonkian, 13 Cambrian, 13,14 Ordovician, 13, 14 Silurian, 13 Graptolithina, 424,426 Grasghrd (Oland), 10 Graunsklint (Llirbro), 6,312,325 Graute (Hejnum), 316 Great Bahama Bank, 397 Great Barrier Reef, 75, 120 Great Britain Jurassic, 191 Silurian, 43,44,55,75,76,77,78,329, 439,455-456,463 Great Lakes area (North America), 126,136,452,458-459 Grey Limestone (Vastergtitland), 11 Grogarnsberg (Ostergarn), 6,351,352, 359,361-362,380-384,386 Grogarnshuvud (Ostergarn), 351,362 Gronhogen (tiland), 10 Gross, W., 424,480 Grotlingbo-holm(Grotlingbo), 410 Grotlingbo Parish Burgsvik Beds, 392 Eke Beds, 387 Gansviken, 5 Grotlingbo-holm,410 Grotlingbo-udd, 37,41,395,409,410, 411,413 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 410 smiss, 49, 51 Uddvide, 400,410 Grotlingbo-udd(Grotlingbo), 37,41,395, 409,410,411,413 Grumpevik (Vamlingbo), 410 Grundudden (Bunge), 3 16 Grynge-udd Fisklage (Gammelgarn), 375 Guelph Limestone (Canada), 33 GuffrideMint (Garde), 352,368,386 Guide fossils, 304,305,424-426

INDEX

Guldrupe Parish Bjers' W a r , 338, 348 Hallbjens, 173 Hiistings, 173 Klinteberg Beds, 337,339 Krasse, 173 Vasterby, 173 Gulf of Bothnia Ordovician, 25 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 55 Gunnor (Lau), 387,388,389 Gustavsvik, 132 Gutevtigen (Visby), 285 Gypidula gaZeata (Dalman),64,227,332, 381,428 Hablingbo Parish Petesviken, 433,434 Stora Vasstade, 351 Hadding, A., 480 on Algae, 73,74,181,423 on calcite formation, 126 on classification of stromatoporoid growth forms, 69-71 on Oland, 12 on raukar formation, 208 on recrystallization of fossils, 125 on reef limestones in southern Gotland, 41 on reef-limestonestructures, 77,120-121 on reef shape, 127,128 on reefs in Karlsoarna, 258 on ripple marks, 399 on sedimentationpatterns, 171, 172, 462 stratigraphical views, 38, 56,304,309, 310 on supposed water depths, 281,349, 422,462 on Upper Visby Beds, 81,279,281 usage of stratigraphical terms, 39 usage of term biostrome, 54 HiiftingskIint (Hangvar), 127,142 Hagby-trask (Etelhem), 369,370,380-384 Halla limestone, 275,334-335,472 Halla Limestone not mentioned by Maillieux, 56 stratigraphicalview by Hadding, 38,56 '

INDEX

Halla Limestone (continued) in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Halla-Mulde Beds, 334-336,472 Bara oolite, 334,335,336 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35

correlation with Karlsijarna, 275,276 correlation with other areas, 42,43,458 dip of boundary with Slite Beds, 47,48 environment of formation, 48,276,336, 473

guide fossils, 425,426, 305 Halla limestone, 275,334-335,472 joints, 51,52 movement of basin floor, 48 Mulde marlstone, 34,35,36, 38, 335, 428,472

reef limestones, 58,60-67, 115, 335-336,475

stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450 stratified sediments, 60-67,334-335 thickness, 334,335,471 Hallbjiins (Sundre), 5,412 Hallbjens (Guldrupe), 173 Hallbro Slott (Vasterhejde), 314 W e , T.G.,423,480 Hall Marl, 34 Hall Parish Halls Fisklage, 119,302,305,311 Hallshuk, 37, 58, 79,82, 278,279, 281 Hallshukklint, 122,156,157,158,166, 167,169,170,284,303,306-309

Hjannklint, 71, 119, 122, 126, 155, 159,161,281,284,302,305

Norsklint, 303 Hallsarve (Lau), 388 Halls Fisklage (Hall), 119,302,305,311 Hallshuk(Hall), 37,58,79,82,278,279, 281

Hallshukklint (Hall), 122,156,157,158,

166, 167, 169, 170,284,303, 306-309 Wudden (Uland), 10 Halshage Trask (Oja), 45 Halysites, 61, 71, 72, 84, 92,98, 129, 231,244,245,247,266,269,272, 279,280,301,303,304,330,340, 342,344,345,365,371,427,434, 457,460

509

Habsites catenularius (hnaeus), 61, 72, 84,226,229,244,247,306,330, 380 Halysites catenulatus (Martini), 61, 72, 84, 301,306,324,330 Halysite? escharoides, see Catenipora escharoides Halysitidae, 84,85 Hammaren (Nar), 391 HammarshagahUlar (Hamra), 5,37,42, 179,189,208,209,418 Hamnudden (Gotska Sandon), 14 Hamra limestone, 117,409-41 1,472 Hamra Limestone in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Hamra Parish Enviken, 412,420 Hammarshgahallar, 5,37,42,179,189, 208,209,418 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 409,4 12 Wmung, 4 12 Skret, 420 Stockviken, 45,412 VZindburgsviken, 51 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 408-422,472 algal limestone, 41,73, 74, 396,409-411, 439,450,454 average dip of strata, 47 boundaq with Bur@ Beds, 409,421 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35 correlation with other areas, 43,44,394 environment of formation, 127,164, 210-212,216,421-422,474 Hamra limestone, 117,409-41 1,472 joints, 51 reef limestones, 41, 58, 60-67, 115, 117,123,126,127,131,135-138, 144,145,147,148,149-152, 154, 161-162,164,165,174,175, 179-205,208-212,216,218,407, 410,413-420,439,441-443,444, 449,450,451,475 reef-talus deposits, 161-163,175 stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450, 45 1 stratified sediments, 60-67, 174, 175, 209,409-413 Sundre limestone, 179,411-413,472 thickness, 409,421,471

510 Hamra-Sundre Beds (continued) in view of Jux, 41 Hangvar Parish Hiiftingsklint, 127,142 Ihrevik, 37,70,172,279,302 Kappelshamn, 171,172,310 Sigsarvebodar, 124, 159, 160, 302, 303,304,306-309 Hapsal (Esthonia), 7 Harjuan Series (Esthonia), 16, 17, 19 Hassli (Stora Karlso), 228,232,235 Hastings (Guldrupe), 173 Hiistkliv (Stora Karlsii), 228,235 Hau (Fleringe), 46 Havdhem Parish Eke Beds, 387 KvinngArde, 351 Hawkings Oilfield, 203 Hede, J.E., 1,32,34,35,36,38,40,41, 42,43,46,47,56,82, 132, 135, 179, 180,208,253,276,277,282, 284, 304,309,310,312,313,314,315, 316,317,335,336,337,338,339, 350,351,363,369,394,411,424, 426,471,481,488 Hedstroemophyllum, 60,306, 380 Hedstroemophyllum articulatum Wedekind, 60,306,330,426 Hedstrom, H., 29,32, 34, 35, 56,423, 424,48 1,482 Hejde Parish Klinteberg Beds, 173,337,348 Mulde marlstone, 335 Hejdeby Parish, 51,334 Hejnum Parish Graute, 316 Hejnum m a r , 152,312,325,436 Slite III Beds, 315 Heliholm (Vamlingbo), 37,42,179,189, 190,196,200,202,203,208,209, 420,444 Heliolites, 61,72,84, 108,226,229, 236,249, 272,307,330,365,380, 43 1,434,460 Heliolites barrandei Penecke, 61,330, 380,427 Heliolites interstinctus (Linnaeus), 61,72, 226,232,307,330,380,425,427

INDEX

Heliolites parvistella Ferd. Roemer, 6 1, 72,307,330,380,427,432,455 Heliolites repletus Lindstrom, 427 Heliolites spongodes Lindstrorn, 6 1,427 Heliolitida in Karlsoarna, 226 in marly sediments, 427 in normal stratified limestones, 429 persistent fossils, 425 in reef and crinoid limestones of Gotland, 61-62,71,72,84,307 330,380 in Visby Beds, 84,92,278,279 Hellvi Parish Hydeviken, 324-325 Sankt Olofsholm, 47, 51 Smojen, 171 Smoje-udd, 47 Ytterholmen, 3 17 Helopora, 85 Helopora lindstrilmi Ulrich, 63, 307,427 Hemichordata Graptolithina, 424 Hemse Beds, 349-386 average dip of strata, 47 boundary with Eke Beds, 40,41, 43,391,474 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35 correlation with other areas, 42,43,458, 463 environment of formation, 210-212, 386,474,475 erosion of reef surface during Silurian, 132,134,353,359 guide fossils, 305,425,426 joints, 51 layered coral colony, 434 marlstone, 277,351-352,390,428 orientation of coral colonies, 436 reef limestones, 42,58,60-67, 115, 123,128,131,134-135,152, 163-164,168,174,179, 180,183, 189,190, 191, 194, 195,200,202, 203,206-208,231, 212,216,217, 219,221,223,224,352-386,436, 439,445,450,458,463,468,474, 475 stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450,451

511

INDEX

Hemse Beds (continued) stratified sediments, 60-67, 168, 174, 349-352,380-384,388,390,391 thickness, 350,351,352,471 Hemse Group in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36, 38 Hemse marlstone, 277,351-352,390,428 Hemse Parish Mdlvalds, 35 1 Hemsiella maccoyana (Jones), 68, 384 Hemtrask (Lojsta), 369 Hennig, A., 424,482 Henson, F.R.S., 255,482 Hermes, J.J., 76,482 Herpetocrinus, 62,33 1 Herrg&rdsMint(Gammelgarn), 363,365 Herrvik (Ostergarn), 123,219, 351,352,

361,362-363,372,386,444 Hesperorthis davidsoni (DeVerneuil), 278 Hesselby L;ide (Stora Karld), 228, 257 Hessland, I., 12,482 Hexactinellida, 76 Hexapoda, 424 Hiatus, stratigraphic between Hemse and Eke Beds, 40,41, 43,391,474 between Hijgkljnt and Slite Beds, 309, 310 between Hogklint and Tofta limestones, 284,309,310 between Tofta and Slite limestones, 309, 310 Hien (Stora Karlso), 228 Hiiumaa (Esthonia), 7, 8,9, 19,25 Hilliste member (Esthonia), 19,456 Hinde, G.J., 423,482 History of geology of Gotland chronological distribution of publications, 56 reefs, 55-56 stratigraphy, 32-42 Hjannklint (Hall), 71,119, 122,126,155, 159,161,281,284,302,305 Hoburg Bank, 44 Hoburgen (Sundre), 37,115,116 boundary between reef and stratified limestone, 174 Burgsvik Beds, 116,392,394,402, 403,404,405,407

Hoburgen (Sundre) (continued) competition between reefs, 135-138 coral reef limestone, 71 crinoid limestone, 117, 144, 168, 246, 286,411,412,413,415,451,453

debris-faed depressions in reefs, 145, 161,162

demolition, 274 depressions in Burgsvik sandstone, 46 413,414

general description, 115- 117 geomorphology, 5,40 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 117, 174, 175, 408,409,411,412,418

height of reefs above sea floor, 216 Hoburgsgubben, 209 Hoburgsgubbens Matsal, 135,136 Hoburgsgubbens Skatkammare, 417 Hoburgsgubbens Trappa, 149, 151, 174,175

interreef basins, 144, 145 interruptiQn in reef growth, 131,418 joints in' Burgsvik sandstone, 49, 5 1 Lithberg Grotta (Cave), 138, 151, 162 origin, 6 reef debris, 138,144,218 reef frame, 126 reef limestones, 41, 123, 127, 135, 136, 138,154,164,165,174,175, 413-417,418,421,422 roots of reef formation, 149-152 Storburg, 71, 116, 117, 138, 149-152, 162, 168, 174, 175, 218,274,413, 414,415,416,422 stromatoporoid sizes, 443

supposed tectonical origin of cliff coast, 45 talus mantle of reefs, 161-163, 164, 218 type locality of reef type, 58, 115-1 17 Hoburgen reef in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36

Hoburgen reef type, 57-58,473 competition between reefs, 135-138, 299,311,415,417

compound reefs, 125,139-143,288,293, 297

crinoids, 60-67, 120,448,449,450,451, 452,453

512 Hoburgen reef type (continued) debris, 128, 134, 135, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 159, 161-164,165-172, 176,214-216, 217-218,221,223,290,291,294, 295,299,304,305,322,323,325, 326,327,328,347,349,352,353, 357,359,361,362,363,365,366, 367,368,369,370,371,415 debris-fded depressions, 145,147-149, 161,162,299,355,437,450 environment of formation, 127, 128, 129,134,138,161,164,176-177, 211-212,310-311,329,334,336, 349,386,391-392,407,421-422, 473-474,475 fissures, 152-153,328 fluctuations in reef growth, 134-135, 148 fusion of reefs, 128,138-139,303,340 Gannberg variety, 69,357,-362,363 geographical distribution, 58 height of reefs over sea floor, 216, 468-469 interreef basins, 136,144-145,146-147 interruptions in reef growth, 124, 130-132,133,134,302,362,415, 416,418 main characteristics, 57-58 matrix, 57,118-120,121,122,123, 125-126,131,149,151,174, 302,320,322,371,387 organic composition, 59,60-67,68, 69,70,71, 72,73,74,75, 117-120, 124-126,148,164,174,306-309, 330-333,380-384,443,467 pods, 144,149,323,367,971,437 reef frame, 126 roots of reef formation, 138, 149-152,303 size and shape, 126-130,322,323, 327,364,365,366,413 stratified sediments, lateral to, 139, 165-176,327,355,361,366, 446-448 stratified sediments, underneath, 133,149,150,151, 153-161,174, 286,287,288,289,291,294, 295,

INDEX

Hoburgen reef type (continued) 303,321,323,324, 326,327,341, 348,361,388,389,390 stratigraphical distribution, 58 structure of reef limestone, 120-126 stylolites, 153, 154 talus mantle, 128,134-135,151, 153,161-164,175,218,294,

295,303,366 type locality, 58 Hoburg “marble”, 103, 11 7 444, 168, 246,286,411,412,413,415, 451,453 Hodgson, R.A., 49,482 Hogby (Oland), 10 Hogklint (Vasterhejde), 5, 6, 51, 74, 76, 90,98,99, 103,115, 123, 126, 281,285-286,306-309,311, 433 HijgMint Beds, 281-311 average dip of strata, 47 boundary with Slite Beds, 48,309-310, 311,314 boundary with Visby Beds, 79,90,113, 280,282,289,290,291,293,296, 297,301,311 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35 correlation with other areas, 42,43,457 environment of formation, 114,127,176, 310-311,473 erosion of reef surface during Silurian, 132,134 facies fossils, 426,428,430 geomorphology, 5 guide fossils, 304,305 joints, 51 orientation of coral colonies, 435-437 reef limestones, 5, 54, 58, 71, 73, 74, 76,77,90, 114, 115, 118, 119, 123, 124, 125,126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133,137,139-143,146-147,152, 155,156,157,158,159-161,166,

167,284,285-303,304,305,

306-309,436,439,450,468,475 stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450 stratified sediments, 79, 166, 167, 169,

170,172,282-285,306-309 thickness, 283,284,310,471 Tofta limestone, 34,35,36,38,41,282,

5 13

INDEX

Hogklint Beds (continued)

284,285,304-305,309-310,311, 456,472,473

Hogklint Limestone in stratigaphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 mgklint Limestone and Marl in stratigraphy by Van Hoepen, 34 Holland, C.H., 39,482 Holland, H.D., 396,482 Holm, G., 33,'56,424,482 Holmhdlar (Vamlingbo), 179,418 depressionswithin reef surface, 191-196

fissures in reef limestone, 200-205 interruptions in reef growth, 196-1 99 in view of Jux, 42 map, added as loose enclosure to this book matrix of the reef, 184, 185, 186, 187,188,196

method of study of reef composition, 181-183

origin of raukar field, 5,6,208,209 reef buildersJ81, 183, 184, 187, 189, 439,441442,444

size and shape of reef, 190 type locality of reef type, 58,180 Holmhiillar reef type, 58,179, 180,474 crinoids, 62,181,184,185,186,187,

188, 189, 192, 194,205,381,448, 449,450,451 ,452,453,454

debris, 188,189,190,192-194,199, 203,205,206-208,210,216-217,

219,221,223,224,372,374,375, 377 debris-filled depressions, 187,191, 192-194,223,377,420, 448,450, 451,453 environment of formation, 210-21 2, 386,474 fissures, 188, 200-205,420

geographical distribution, 58 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 58, 179-205, 208-212,418-420

Hemse Beds, 58,179,180, 183,189,

190,191, 194, 195,200,202, 203, 206-208,211,212, 216,221,224, 372-379,380-383,384-386

HoLmh;illar reef type (contiwed) interruptions in reef growth, 196-199, 442

main characteristics, 57-58 matrix, 57,180-183,184,185,186, 187-188,196,197,

199,440-442

organic composition, 59,60-67,68,70,

71,74,75,180-187,188-189, 194, 195,197,198,223,255, 380-384, 439,44042,443,467 pools, 187, 191, 192, 194-196,203, 377,420,441-442 sediments underneath, 206-207 size and shape, 189-191,372,373,374, 375,386 stratigraphical distribution, 58 surrounding crinoid limestones, 60-67, 189-190,191,372,380-384,448 type locality, 58 Holmia kjerulfi Stage (Uland), 11

Holmia Series Gotland, 29,31 Uland, 9, 11 Holmsen, P., 25,482 Holmudden Lighthouse (Ffiro), 3 16 Holopea applanata Lindstrom, 65,308 Holopea nux Lindstrom,,65,383 Holopella minuta Lindstrom, .65, 383 Holophragma calceoloides (Lindstrom), 60, 277,426 Hommunds (Horsne), 327 Hoppe, K.H., 457,483 Hormotoma, 65,333 Hornsudde (Uland), 10 Horse-shoe-shapedreefs, 189- 191,459 H o m e Parish Barabacke, 51,312,326,330-333, 334,335 Bara Udekyrka, 47,326,327,329, 330-333,334 Hommunds, 327 Simunde, 327,328,329 Simunde Station, 327,328,328 Howellella elegans (Muir-Wood), 64, 227, 269,307,425 Hulterstad (Uland), 10 Hummelbosholmen (Burs), 387 Hunneberg Age, 24 Hydeviken (Hellvi), 324-325

5 14

INDEX

Hydrozoa, see Stromatoporoids Hypanthocrinus, 62,307 Hystrichosphaeridae, 423 Idavere Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17,18 Ihrevik (Hangvar), 37,70,172,279,

302 Ilionia layer, 34 Ilioniaprisca (Hisinger), 21,65,314, 337,350,351,382,429 Ilionia prisca - Megalomus Zone, 310, 314 Ilionia prisca Zone, 337,338, 339,349 llionia - Spongiostroma layer, 34 Illinois (U.S.A.), 55,438,459 Imbrie, J., 397,489 Inadunata, 452,461 Index fossils, see Guide fossils Indiana (U.S.A.), 55,454,459,460 Ingels, J.J.C., 458,483 Interreef basins, 136,144-145,146-147 Interruptions in reef growth Hoburgen reef type, 124,130-132,133, 134,302,362,415,416,418 Holmhiillar reef type, 196-199,442 Inverted-cone-shapedreefs, 54, 89-92, 95,127,133 Iraq, 255 Irase member (Esthonia), 21 Irregular reefs, 128,456 IN Subseries (Esthonia), 16,17,18 Isorthis lov&zi(Lindstrom), 427 Itfersche Schichten (Esthonia), 16

Jaagarahu limestone (EsthoniaX457 Jaagarahu Stage (Esthonia), 17,20,456, 457

Jaani Stage (Esthonia), 17,20,457 Jaanusson, V., 12,18,423,483 Jamtland Ordovician, 25 Silurian, 27 Janedi (Wla Karla), 237,259,263, 265

Johnston, M.S., 455,456,478 JOhvi Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 J6hvischichten (Esthonia), 16 Joints, 49-52,152 Jones, F.W., 432,483 Jones, T.R.,423,483

Jonker, H.G., 33,483 Jotnian, 14,49 Jungfrun (Stenkyrka), 209,299 Jurassic (Great Britain), 191 Jutland, 21 Juuru Stage (Esthonia), 17, 19 Juves (Sundre), 413 Jux, U., 1,35,36,38,39, 40, 41,43, 56,483

Kaarma Stage (Esthonia), 17,20,457 Kalbjerga (Fgro), 3 14 Kaljo, D. and Sarv, L., 44,483 Kalmar, 7,8,9,49 Kalmarsont, 7,9 Kappelshamn (Hangvar), 171, 172,3 10 Kappelshamnsviken, 6 Karelian Nose, 9 Karlskrona, 7 Karlsoama, see Stora Karlso and LiUa Karla Karlso Jakt- Wh DjurskyddsforeningensA.B., 225 Karlsoklubben, 225 Karlso marble”, 103,245, 248 Katrinelund (Visby), 3 14 Kattegat, 21, 26, 27 Kaufmann, R.,49,51,483 Kaugatuma Stage (Esthonia), 17,21,458 Kiiupru (Stora Karlso), 228,229, 232, 233 234,275

Kaupungskkt (Ardre), 6, 134,351,352, 367,380-384

Keila Stage (Esthonia), 16,17,18 Keila-Vasalemma Stage (Esthonia), 16 Kesselaid dolomite (Esthonia), 457 Kesselaid member (Esthonia), 20 Ketophyllum, 226,229 Ketophyllum annulatum (Wedekind), 426 Ketophyllum elegantulum Wedekind, 426 Ketophyllum hoegbomi (Wedekind),426 Ketophyllum subturbinatum (Edwards et Haime), 426 Ketophyllum Zone (Stora Karlso), 229 Ketteldrd (Vamlingbo), 41,49,417,419 Kettelviken (Vamlingbo), 51,410,411,413 Kiaer, J., 35,483 Killingholmen (Vamlingbo), 41,399,413 King, W.,424,479

INDEX

Kinner (Lummelunda), 281,296 Kinnertorpklint (Lummelunda), 126, 292,293,294,295,296 Klehammars-udd (Sundre), 409 Klev (Stora Karld), 228,229 Klev (Sundre), 6,413 Klint, see Clint Klinteberg (Klinte), 6,41, 51, 128, 129, 130,131,132,133,337,338-344, 345 Klinteberg Beds, 337-349 average dip of strata, 47 comparison with other stratigraphies,35 correlation with Karlsoarna, 275, 276 correlation with other areas, 42,43 environment of formation, 129, 173, 276,349,473-474,475 facies fossils, 428 guide fossils, 425 joints, 51 reef limestones, 58, 60-67, 115, 123, 128-130,131,132,133,173, 338-348,443,448,449,450,453, 474,475 stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450 stratified sediments, 60-67, 173, 336 337 thickness, 337,471 Klinteberg Folgen, 35,39, 40 Kliteberg Limestone in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Klinteberg reef in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36 Klintebys (Klinte), 334,338,345,347 Klintehamn, 37,225 Klinteklint (Boge), see Bogeklint Klinteklint (Gammelgarn), 6, 123, 163, 164,217,218,223,352,365-367 Klinte Limestone, 34 Klinte Marl, 34 Klinte Parish Klinteberg, 6,41, 51, 128,129, 130, 131,132,133,337,338-344,345 Klintebys, 334,338,345,347 Klintehamn, 37,225 pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45 Tyrvalds W e , 348

515 Kneippbyn (Vasterhejde), 79, 81,90,91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 108-112, 289, 290,311,431,436,439 Knoll-shaped reefs, 86-87,91,95,97, 105 Kodonophyllum truncatum (Linnaeus), 60,306 Kogula member (Esthonia), 21 Kohila Subseries (Esthonia), 16, 17 Kolmodin, L., 423,483 Koping (Uland), 10 KoppM, 392,409 Korpklint (Snackgrdsbaden, Visby), 6, 290 Korpklint (Tofta), 79,81,93,97 Korpklint (Vasterhejde), 79,97, 288 Korpklint Limestone, 34 Kose member (Esthonia), 20 Kotlini Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17 Kozlowskiellina deltidialis (Hedstrom), 64 m g b o Marl, 34 KrWngbo Parish Djupviks Fisklage, 350 Hemse Beds, 350,351 Klinteberg Beds, 339 Lilla Hammars, 350 Millklint, 351,363 Tjbgvide-lucka, 364,365 Torsburgen, 6, 123,351,363-365 Krasse (Guldrupe), 173 Krause, A., 423,484 Kroksteats Brye (Oja), 399 Kuenen, FkH., 210,468,484 Kiihn, O., 432,484 Kuiper, W.N.,423,484 Kukersche Schichten (Esthonia), 16 Kukruse-Idavere Stage (Esthonia), 16 Kukruse Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Kullsberg Limestone (Dalecarlia), 25 Kummerow, E., 423,484 Kunda Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18,31 Kuppen (Ostergarn), 219,363,373 Kuren ( m a Karla), 237,265 Kurna Subseries (Esthonia), 16, 17 Kvarna (Vamlingbo), 411 Kvarnbacken (Slite), 316,322,323-324, 330-333 Kvie Grane (Vate), 335,336

516 IkinngArde (Havdhem), 351 Kyphophyllum, 60 Kyphophyllum conicum Wedekind, 426 Kyrkberget (Ostergarn), 355,357,359 Labechia, 69,118, 128,443 Labechia conferta (Lonsdale), 60,69,306, 380,432 Ladd, H.S., 462,484 Laguna Madre (Texas, U.S.A.), 397 Lajkarn (Lilla Karl&), 237 Lake cuds (Esthonia), 19 Lamellibranchiata, 424 in Burgsvik sandstone, 400,401 in marly sediments, 229,279,428-429 in normal stratified limestones, 429 persistent fossils, 425 in reef limestones, 65,75, 120, 181, 192,308,332,382,460 in reef-surroundingsediments, 65, 308,332,382 Laminarite Clay (Esthonia), 15 Laminarite Sandstones(Esthonia), 15 k a b e r g (Site), 6, 144,148,209,319, 320,322-323,436 Lansa (FAro), 314 Grbro Parish Graunsklint, 6,312,325 Patvalds, 312,325,436 pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 46 Storugns, 46, 51,315 UppMrds, 3 15 L a s n d g i Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Latilaminae of stromatoporoids, 70,7 1, 122,183,285,445-446 Latvia Silurian, 19 Lau Backar (Lau), 387,388,390,391 Laudon, L.R.,452,484 Lauensis Marl, 34 Lau H o l m (Lau), 387 Lauks (Lokrume), 3 15 Lau Parish, 43 Bonde, 349 Botvide, 388,390 Eke Beds, 387,391 Ekmyr, 349 Gunnor, 387,388,389 Hallsarve, 388

INDEX

Lau Parish (continued) Lau Backar, 387,388,390,391 Lau Holmar, 387 Lauviken, 5,349 supposed dislocations, 46 Lauphargi (Stora Karl@), 228,232,248, 249 Lauphargi reef limestone (Stora Karlso), 232,242,248-250 Lauterhom (FAro), 284 Lautur ( F h o ) , 314 Lauviken, 5,349 Lawson, J.D., 39,43,484 Lecompte, M.,438,460,484 Leetse Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Leintwardine Beds (Great Britain), 44 Leningrad (U.S.S.R.), 14 Lens-shaped reefs, 87-89,95, 128, 456,458 Leperditia, 68,228,240,279,309, 315 Leperditia baltica (Hisinger), 68, 333,425, 428 Leperditia gigantea Roemer, 68, 384 Leperditia grandis Schrenck,428 Leperditia gregaria Kiesow, 68,384 Leperditia hisingeri Schmidt, 278,425 Leperditia phaseolus (Hisinger), 68,384, 425 Leptaena, 280,283 Leptaena laevigata (J. de C . Sowerby), 427 Leptaena lov&i De Verneuil, 64,308,427 Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wdckens), 64,227,232, 236,240,308,332,381,425,428 Leptaenoidea silurica Hedstrom, 64,382 Leptobolbina hypnodes Martinsson, 278 Leptostrophia filosa (J. de C. Sowerby), 64 Leptostrophia impressa (Lindstrom), 64,382 Lerberg (Stora Karla), 228,229 Lerberg Marlstone (Stora Karlso), 71,225, 226-228,229,244,246,250,251, 256,257,272,275 Levede Parish Pejnarve, 349 Levenea canaliculata (Lindstrom), 64,382 Lickershamn (Stenkyrka), 82, 281, 299, 300,301,306-309,311,436 Lickershamn raukar field (Stenkyrka), 123, 209,281,299

INDEX

Liksarve (Tofta), 47,313,328,330-333, 334 Liljevallia gotlandica Hedstrom, 278 Lilla Fjells (Endre), 328 Lilla Hammars (Kraklingbo), 350 Lilla Karlsii, 225 correlation with Gotland, 275-276 correlation with Stora Karlso, 272, 275 orientation of coral colonies, 435,436, 437 raukar, 209,237, 258,259, 261,262, 270,271,274 reef limestones, 237,258-272,273, 275,463,473,475 stratified sediments, 226-228, 236-241,242,243,259,260,261, 271,272,273-275,276,336 Lilla Karlso Limestone ( m a Karlso), 226-228,236,238,240-241, 259,260,271,272,275,276,336 Lillfole (Fole), 328 Limbata Limestone, see Megistaspis limbata Limestone Limonite, 310 LindblDm, A. and Svahnstrom, G., 3,484 Lindeklint (Linde), 6,51, 123,217,223, 349,370,371,380-384,386 Linde-Lau marl in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36 Linde Parish Ausarve, 174,369 Lindeklint, 6, 51, 123,217, 223, 349, 370,371,380-384,386 Lindstrom, G., 32,33, 34,42, 276, 423,424,429,485,491 Lindstrom, M., 12,485 LindstrGmia dalmani, see Syringaxon dalmani Lindstromia siluriensis, see Syringaxon siluriense Lingula lew'si J. de C . Sowerby, 64,382, 427 Lingula striata J. de C . Sowerby, 427 Linnarsson, G., 424,485 LinnQ Ask (Stora Karla), 250 Linoporella punctata (DeVerneuil), 64, 308,332,429 Lissatrypa, 64,382

517 Lithistida, 76 Lithothamnium, 410 Littorina sea, 6, 135, 136, 208, 209, 225, 281, 282,312, 352,413, 420 Ljugarn (Ardre), 37, 58, 179 corals, 187 environment of reef formation, 42, 386 fissures in reef limestone, 200,201, 202,203 fossil content, 380-384 general description, 377,384,386 origin of raukar field, 6, 179,212 shape and size of reef, 190, 191, 377, 386 stromatoporoids, 183, 223,439 Ilandoverian Dalecarlia, 26 Esthonia, 7,17,19-20,456 Gotland, 7,32,33,42,43 Jamtland, 26 Ostergotland, 26 palaeogeography, 26 Scania, 25 Vastergotfand, 26 Lojsta Parish Hemtrask, 369 M6rt-trask, 369 pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45 Tonnklint, 369,380-384 Lokrume Parish Lauks, 3 15 Slite I1 Beds, 314 Vidmyr, 315 Lomonosqovi Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17 Longitudinaljoints, 52 Lontova Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17 Lophospira bicincta (Hall), 65,333 Ltit (tliand), io Lotsbacken (Slite), see Kvarnbacken Lowenstam, H.A., 54, 55, 136,438, 452,458,459,460,461,462, 463, 485,486 Loxonema, 429 Loxonema fasciatum Lindstrom, 65, 383 Loxonema strangulatum Lindstrom, 65, 383

518

INDEX

Ludibundus Limestone Uland, 11 Vhtergotland, 11 Ludlow Bone-Bed, 43,44,394 Ludlowian Dalecarlia, 26 Esthonia, 7,17,20-21,456 Gotland, 7,33,42,43,44,391,394 Great Britain, 43,44 Ustergotland, 27 Scania, 26 Vastergtitland, 27 Luha, A., 457,486 Lumanda (Esthonia), 21 Lummelunda Parish Kinner, 281,296 Kinnertorpklint, 126, 292, 293, 294, 295,296 Lummelunds-bruk, 3 10,313 Lundsklint, 82, 113, 125, 133, 140, 141-142,143,146-147,296, 297 Luseklint, 51, 113, 142,434 Nyhamn Fisklage, 113,281,296

Lummelunds-bruk(Lummelunda), 3 10, 313

Lundquist, G., 3,486 Lundsklint (Lummelunda), 82,113,

125,133,140,141-142,143, 146-147,296,297 Lundsmyr (Etelhem), 173 Luseklint (Lummelunda), 51, 113, 142, 434 Lyckholmschichten (Esthonia), 16,32

Lye Parish Rotarve, 349 Lykophyllum hisingeri Wedekind, 60,306, 330 Lykophyllum tabulatum Wedekind, 60, 278 Lykophyllum torquatum Wedekind, 60

Ma, T.Y.H., 433,486 Maardu member (Esthonia), 18 Maasi member (Esthonia), 20 Machrochilina bulimina Lindstrom, 65,

383 Machrochilina cancellata Lindstrom, 65, 383

Macrourus Limestone, see Chasmops macrourus Limestone Madison County (Ill. U.S.A.), , 459 Magnesium-calciumratio, 396, 397 Maillieux, E., 56,486 Maldes (Nar), 391 Manicina areolata, 43 1 Manten,A.A., 3, 12, 56, 72, 86, 100, 110, 111,137, 140, 142, 143, 153, 154, 158, 166, 167, 169, 172,290,293,297,299,399, 402,403,404,405,423,424, 426,43 1,432,433,434,447, 449,454,486 Marbardshue (Sundre), 409,413 Marble reef limestone, 180 Marine reef (North America), 459,461 Marmorberg (Stora Karla), 228,242, 245-248,250 Marmorberg reef limestone (Stora Karlso), 230,242,245-248,251 Marshall, S.M. and Orr, A.P., 430,486 Martille (Stenkumla), 313,314 Martinsson, A., 483,486,487 on Baltic sea floor, 8,457 on bryozoans, 424 on geochrondogy of reef formation, 42 on Hemse marlstone, 352 on Hoburg Bank, 44 on ostracodes, 423,425,428 on Silurian System, 44 on subdivision of Slite Beds, 305,313 on Tentaculata, 424 on Tofta limestone, 304; 305 on vertebrates, 424 on worms, 423 usage of stratigraphical terms, 39 Masur Limestone Uland, 11 Vhtergotland, 11 Matrix of reefs, 77-78 Fanterna reef type, 253,266 Hoburgen reef type, 57, 118- 120, 121,122,123,125-126,131, 149, 151, 174,302,320,322, 371,387 HolnMlar reef type, 57,180-183, 184,185,186,187-188,196, 197,199,440-442

INDEX

Matrix of reefs (continued) Stiiurnasar reef type, 244,245,247, 249,261 Upper Visby type, 57,80, 83, 85, 87,92,93,94,97,99,106, 112 Maxwell, W.G.H., 75,120,211,262, 487 Mayer, AS., 466,487 Megalaspis, see Megistaspis Megalaspis Limestone, 16 (see also Toila Stage) “Megalomus”, 65, 314,316,332,429 Megalomus banks, 33 “Mega1omus”gotlandicus Lindstrom, 65, 134,350,367,368,375, 382 Megalomuslayer, 34 Megistaspis gigas Limestone Gotland, 31,32 Gotska Sandon, 14 Uland, 10, 11 Megistaspis limbata Limestone Gotland, 31 Uland, 10,ll Megistaspis Limestone (Esthonia), 16, 18 Megistaspis planilimbata Limestone Gotland, 31 Uland, 10, 11 Merbabu volcano, 203 Meristina obtusa (J. Sowerby), 64, 227, 332 Mesotrypa suprasilurica Hisinger, 278,427 Milleporites madreporiformis Wahlenberg, 61,380 Millklint (Kraklingbo), 351,363 Millklint limestone, 351,363, 364, 365 Millsnabb (Stora Karlso), 228, 232 Minato, M., 423,487 Mississippian (North America), 454 Mitrobeyrichia clavata, see Oaspedobolbina clavata Mitrobeyrichia insulicola, see Oaspedobolbina insulicola Mjolhatte Triisk (Uja), 45,46 Molasse (Alps), 396 Mollusca, 74,75,120,424 Amphineura, 424 Cephalopoda, 67,75,85,181,227, 278,309,333,383-384,424,460

519 Mollusca (continued) Gastropoda, 65-66, 75,85,120, 181, 192,227,229,278,308,332-333, 382-383,424,425,429,460 Lamellibranchiata,65,75,120,181, 192,229,279,308,332,382,400, 401,424,425,428-429,460 Pteropoda, 65,75,332,424 Molnars (Fleringe), 315 Moluccas, 468,469 Mliniste (Esthonia), 21 Monograptus bohemicus (Biyrande), 426 Monograptus chimaera (Barrande), 426 Monograptus dubius (Suess), 426 Monograptus flemingi (Salter), 426 Monograptus nilssoni (Barrande), 426 Monograptus nilssoni Zone, 42 Monograptus scanicus Zone, 42,391 Monograptus spiralis (Geinitz), 426 Monograptus spiralis Zone, 25 Monograptus tumescens Zone, 391 Monograptus uniformis Zone, 394 Monograptus varians Wood, 426 Moore, H.B., 210,466,468,469,487 MBrbylAnga (Uland), 10 MGrt-trask (Lojsta), 369 Mossberga (Uland), 10 Motoda, S., 430,487 Mud cracks, 403,407 Muhu (Esthonia), 20,456 Mulde Marl in stratigraphy by Van Hoepen, 34 Mulde marlstone, 335,428,472 Mulde Marlstone stratigraphical view by Hadding, 38 in stratigraphy by Hede, 34, 35, 36, 38 Mulde-Stenstu (Frojel), 5 1 Mulde Tegelbruk (Frtijel), 335 Mullvalds (Hemse), 35 1 Munthe, H., 32,33,34,35,41,43,45,46, 47, 56, 180,209,277,334,375,390, 394,395,398,399,400,409,410, 411,412,413,487,488 Murchison, R.I., 7,32,36,43, 56,394, 455,488 Murchisonia attenuata (Hisinger), 65,383 Murchisonia cancellata Lindstrom, 65,383 Murchisonia cochleata Lindstrom, 66, 383

520 Murchisonia compressa Lindstrom, 66,3 83 Murchisonia crispa Lindstrom, 66, 383 Murchisonia deflexa Lindstrom, 66,383 Murchisonia imbricata Lindstrom, 66,333, 383 Murchisonia paradoxa Lindstrijm, 66, 383 Murphy, M.A., 55,493 Mustvee (Esthonia), 19 Myren (Lilla Karlsij), 237,262,266 Myren (Stora Karlso), 228, 247,248,262 Mytilarca acuta Lindstrom in museo, 65,332 Nabala Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 19,32 Nabbens Fisklage (Nar), 387 Narke, 26, 27 Nar Parish Eke Beds, 387,391 Hammaren, 391 Maldes, 391 Nabbens Fisklage, 387 Narsholm, 405,406,407 Nyudden, 387,390 Osterviken, 387 Wrsholm (Nar), 405,406,407 Narva Stage (Esthonia), 17 Nas Parish Burgsviken, 5,392 Eke Beds, 387 Nasudden, 387 Nathorst, A.G., 45,488 Negro heads, 194,210 Nemagraptus gracilis Zone (Scania), 11 Neobeyrichia, 68,384 Neobeyrichia buchiana (Jones), 68 Neobeyrichia nodulosa (Boll), 68, 384 Nevada (U.S.A.), 55 Newell, N.D., 78,176,396,397, 488 New England (N. Dak.,U.S.A.), 210 Niagaran (North America), 438,452, 458-462,463 Nisse Limestone, 34 Norderhamn (Stora Karlso), 228 Norderhamnsberg (Stora Karlso), 228, 232,246,247 Norderslatt ( L i a Karlso), 237,258 Norderslatt (Stora Karlso), 228,232, 250

INDEX

Norderslatt reef limestone (Lilla Karlso), 237,258,259,261-262,272,273, 275 Norder Vagnhus (Lilla Karlso), 237,238, 239,241,259,265 Noreen, S.E., 3,488 Norrbys (Follingbo), 217 Norrgirde (Tofta), 313 Norrlanda Parish Klinteberg Beds, 337 Nors (Fleringe), 314 NDrsklint (Hall), 303 North America Mississippian, 454,463 Ordovician, 397 Permian, 78,176 Silurian, 55,126,136,438,452, 458-462,463,464 Norway Cambrian, 21 Devonian, 14 Silurian, 25,27 Noviportia simpliciuscula Martinsson, 278 Nucleospira pisum (J. de C . Sowerby), 64, 227,382,427 Nucula anglica (d’orbigny), 429 Nyhamn Fisklage (Lumrnelunda), 113, 281,296 Nyrevsudde (Tofta), 6,58,79,81, 83.-84,87,88 Nyudden (Nar), 387,390 Oandu member (Esthonia), 18 Oandu Subseries (Estho&a), 16,17 Obolus, 18 Obulus Conglomerate (Esthonia), 18 Obulus Sandstone (Esthonia), 16,18 Odekyrka, 327 Odum, H.T., 396,488 Oelandicus Shales (Oland), 10 (see further Paradoxides oelandicus Stage) Oesel, see Saaremaa Offshores bars, 397,399-400,407 Ohesaar (Esthonia), 21 Ohesaar Stage (Esthonia), 17, 19,21,458 Oja Parish, 49,51 Bringes, 412 Burgsvik, 6,37,49, 51,392,393,

INDEX

t)ja Parish (continued) 399,400,402,407 Burgsviken, 5,392 Burgwik oolite, 395 Faludden, 179,190,411,412,420 Halshage Trask, 45 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 409 joints in Wrgnik sandstone, 49 Kroksteats Brye, 399 Mjolhatte Trask, 45,46 Rorviks Trask, 45 Sibbenarve,412 Stockviken, 45,412 Oland Cambrian, 7,9-12,14,21,48,49 geological map, 10 Ordovician, 7, 10, 11, 12,25,48,49 vegetation, 3 Olandian (Esthonia), 17,18 Olenus Series Gotland, 31,48 Oland, 11,12,48 palaeogeography,48 Scania, 11 Vastergtjtland, 11 Oligomys exporrecta (innarsson), 12 Oligomys exporrecta Conglomerate ( O hid), 12 Omphyma, 60,279,306,330 Omphyma subturbinata, 229 Omphyma turbinata, 229 Ontika Subseries (Esthonia), 16,17,18 Onychochilus cochleatum Lindstrom, 66,383 Onychochilus reticulatum Lindstrom, 66,383 Oolites, 465 Burgsvik Beds, 46,393,394-397, 398,399,400,401,407,409, 410,474 ma-Mulde Beds, 334,335,336 Ophidioceras, 67,333 Ophidioceras reticulatum Angelin, 67, 333,384 Ophidioceras rota Lindstrom, 67,384 Opik, A.A., 17,18,488 Orbiculoidea, 64,332,382 Orbiculoidea pilidium (Lindstrom), 64

521 Orbiculoidea rugata (J. de C . Sowerby), 227,427 Ordovician Baltic basin, 7 , 8 Qalecarlia, 25 Esthonia, 7,9,16-19,25,456 Gotland, 30,31,32 Gotska Sandon, 13,14 Jamtland, 25 North America, 397 Uland, 7, l O , l l , 12,25,48,49 Ostergotland, 25 palaeogeography, 24,25,48,49 reef formation, 55 Scania, 11 Viistergotland, 25 Oriostoma acutum Lindstrijm, 66,333 Oriostoma alatum Lindstrom, 66,308 Oriostoma angulatum (Wahlenberg), 66,308,333 Oriostoma contrarium Lindstrom, 66,308 Oriostoma coronatum Lindstrom, 66,383 “Oriostoma” nitidissimum Lindstrom, 66,383 Orr, A.P., 430,486 Orsa Sandstone (Dalecarlia), 26 Orthis bouchardi, see Ptychopleurella bouchardi Orthis davidsoni, sea ffesperorthis davidsoni Orthis punctata, see Linoporella punctata “Orthis” tubulata Lindstrom, 64, 382 Orthoceras, 67,227,309,333,384 Orthoceras Limestone Oland, 10 scania, 11 Orthocems Series, see Asaphus Series Orthoceratids, 192 Orthothetes adnata Hedstrom, 64 Oscillation ripples, 399,407 Oslo area Devonian, 14 Silurian, 25,27 bterby (Visby), 313

522 Ostergarn Marl, 34 Ostergarn Parish, 37, 5 1 Gannberg, 6, 134, 351, 352-357,359,380-384,386, 436,445 Ganne, 352 Grogarnsberg, 6,351,352,359, 361-362,380-384,386 Grogarnshuvud, 351,362 Hemse Beds, 350,351,386 Hermik, 123,219,351,352,361, 362-363,372,386,444 Kuppen, 219,363,373 Kyrkberget, 355, 357, 359 pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45 Sandviken, 180, 183, 190,212, 372, 374 Snabben, 58, 180, 183, 190, 191, 207, 208, i l l , 212, 216,219, 221, 223,-224,572,373, 380-384,386 Sysne-udd, 190, 191, 207, 208, 216, 219,221,223, 224,373,374, 380-384,386 Ostergotland Ordovician, 25 Silurian, 26,27 Ostersjo Limestone (Oland), 11 Osterviken (Nar), 387 Ostracoda, 68, 76, 176, 228, 229, 278,309,333,384,425,428 Othem Parish File, 3 15 File Haidar, 6, 14,29,31,32,42, 48,312,316,325 GislauseMint,152,312,325 Slite 111 Beds, 315, 316 Slite marlstone, 47, 334 SpSlingsklint, 118, 209, 3 12,325, 330-333,439 see also Slite Ottenby (Oland), 10 Oved-Ramsisa Series Gotland, 43,44 Scania, 26,43 Ovre Lundsmyr, 173 Paadla (Esthonia), 21 Paadla Stage (Esthonia), 17,20-21, 456,458

INDEX

Pachypora lamellicornis, see Thamnopora lamellicornis Pakerordi Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Palaeacmaea solarium Lindstrom, 66,383 Palaeocyclus porpita, see Porpites porpita Palaeoenvironments based upon interpretations, 58 Palaeogeography Cambrian, 21,22,23,48 Ordovician, 24,25,48,49 Silurian, 25-27 Paleoporella Limestone Gotska Sandon, 14 Oland, 11 Pangamagi member (Esthonia), 20 Paradoxides forchhammeri Stage (Gland), 11, 12,48 Paradoxides oelandicus Stage Gotland, 29,31 Oland, 9-10,11,29 Paradoxides paradoxissirnus Stage (Oland), 10, 11,48 Paradoxides Series Gotland, 31 Oland, 9-1 2 palaeogeography, 48 Paradoxissirnus Sandstone (Uland), 10 (see further Paradoxides paradoxissimus Stage) Parishes, 3 Parmorthis visbyensis, see Resserella visby ensis Piirnu Stage (Esthonia), 17 Paskallavik, 7 Patch reefs, 126, 128, 138-139, 155, 177,302,303,352,353 Patvalds (Erbro), 312,325,436 Paviken (Vastergam), 313 Pejnarve (Levede), 349 Pellet-like bodies, 429 Pellets, faecal, 76, 176 Pelmatozoa, 424 Pentamems borealis Eichwald, 19 Pentarnems estonus Eichwald, 20 Pentamerus gotlandicus Lebedev, 64, 227, 231; 232,233, 237,238, 240, 249,261,272,275,316,332,427 Pentarnems gotlandicus breccia Lilla Karlso, 238,239-240,241,266,273

INDEX

Pentamerus gotlandicus breccia (continued) Stora Karlso, 233,234 Pentamerus gotlandicus Limestone ( m a Karlso), 226-228,236,237-239,240, 242,243,259,261,272,273,275 Pentamerus limestone (Esthonia), 19 Pentamerus linguiferus, see Bawandella linguifera Pentamerus oblongus Sowerby, 20 Pentamerus sphaera Lindstrom, 427 Permian North America, 78,176 Pernau (Esthonia), 7 Persistent fossils,424-425 Persniis (Uland), 10 Petesviken (Hablingbo), 433,434 btesvik-Hablingbo fauna, 33,34 Petesvik Marl, 34 Petsarveklint (Ardre), 6,351,367 Petterson, B., 3,489 Phacites Limestone, 34 Phaenopora IindstrOmi Ulrich, 63,307,427 Phaulactis angusta (Lonsdale), 60,278,426 Phaulactis iyegulare (Wedekind), 426 Phaulactis tabulatus (Wedekind), 426 Philip, G.M., 55,491 Pholidophyllum hedskami Wedekind, 60 Pholidophyllum tabulatum Schlotheim, 60,278 Pholidophyllum tenue Wedekind, 60 Pholidops implicata, see Craniops implicata Phosphorite, 388,391 Phragmoceras, 67,333,384 Phragmoceras convolutum (Hedstrom), 278 Phragmoceras costatum Hedstrom, 278 Phragmoceras inflexum Hedstrom, 67, 333 Phragmoceras praecurvum Hedstrom, 67,384 Pia, J., 74,488 Pilina unguis (Lindstrom), 66, 308 Pilothrix, 74 Pinsak, A.P. and Shaver, R.H., 458,489 Pirgu Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18, 19, 456 Pirita Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17 Pisces, 424 Pisocrinus, 62,331,381 Planalveolites, 85

523

Planalveolites fougti (Edwards et Haime), 61,278,306,330,432 Planilimbata Limestone, see Megistaspis plan ilimbata Limestone Plasmopora, 62, 72, 84,330 Plasmopora calyculata Lindstrom, 61,427 Plasmopora foroensis Lindstrom, 61,330 Plasmopora heliolitoides Lindstrom, 61, 380 Plasmopora petalliformis (Lonsdale), 61, 226,330,427 Plasmopora rosa Lindstrom, 6 1,380 Plasmopora nrdis Lindstrom, 61,330, 380 Plasmopora scita Edwards et Haime, 61, 226,427 Plasmopora suprema Lindstrom, 61, 380 Platform for reef formation, 250,251,253, 260,261,269,270 Platyceras comutum Hisinger, 66, 75, 120, 145,227,308,333,383,425 Platyceras cyathinum Lindstrom, 66,333 Platyceras disciforme Lindstrom, 66 Platyceras enorme Lindstrom, 66,333 Platyceras spiratum (Sowerby), 66, 227,383 Platystrophia, 64,308,332,429 Platystrophia biforata (Schlotheim), 64,332 Platyurus Limestone Gotland, 31,32 Uland, 10, 11 Plectambonites inconstans (Haupt), 427 Plectambonites segmentum (Angelin), 427 Plectambonites transversalis, see Plectodonta transversalis Plectatrypa imbricata {J. de C. Sowerby), 64, 227,308,332,427 Plectatrypa lamellosa (Loven), 64,332 Plectatrypa marginalis (Dalman), 64, 227, 276,382,427 Plectodonta duvali (Davidson), 64 Plectodonta transversalis (Dalman), 278, 329,427 Plectodonta transversalis lata (Jones), 64, 227,232,236,308,427 Pleurotomaria, 66,383,429 Pleurotomaria aequilatera Wahlenberg, 66,308 Pleurotomaria alata, .see Euomphalopterus alatus Pleurotomaria bicincta (Hall),66, 383

524

Pleurotomaria cirrhosa Lindstrom, 66, 383 Pleurotomaria claustrata Lindstrom, 66, 308 Pleurotomaria glandiformis Lindstrom, 66, 383 Pleurotomaria gradata Lindstrom, 66, 383 Pleurotomaria laqueata Lindstrom, 66 Pleurotomaria limata Lindstrom, 66, 227,308,333 “Pleurotomaria” linnarssoni Lindstrom, 66,383 Pleurotomaria lloydi Sowerby, 66,383 Pleurotomaria marklini Lindstrom, 66 Pleurotomaria planorbis (Hisinger), 66, 383 Pleurotomaria voluta Lindstrom, 66, 383 Pokomf, V., 76,489 Poleumita, 66, 333 Poleumita discors (J. Sowerby), 66,308, 333,383 Poleumita globosum (Schlotheim), 66, 227,308,333,383 Poleumita roemeri (Lindstrom), 66, 278,280 Poleumita sculptum (J. de C. Sowerby), 66,227 Polyorophe glabra Lindstrom, 60,306, 426 Polyorophe lindstromi Wedekind, 60,306 Polypeltes, 62, 307 Pools within reef surface, 73,437 Hoburgen reef type, 144,149,323, 367,371,437 Holmhdlar reef type, 187, 191, 192, 194-196,203,377,420,441-442 Stiiurnasar reef type, 245 Porifera, 423 Porkuni Stage (Esthonia), 17, 19,32, 456 Porpites porpita (Linnaeus), 278,426 Posidonomya glabra Munster, 429 Pothole-likeexcavations, 401-402 PriistMint (Frojel), 348 Precambrian, 7,8,9, 27,49 algal reefs, Esthonia, 15

INDEX

Precambrian (continued) Gotland, 29,30 Gotska Sandon, 13,14 Aimitia mundula (Jones), 425 Primitia valida Jones et Holl, 428 Proetus, 68,227,240,309,333,384 Proetus conspersus (Angelin), 67,384 Proetus delicatus Hedstrom, 67,227 Proetus verrucosus Lindstrom, 68,333 Prokopovich, N., 153,489 Promelocrinus, 62,331 Propora, 72, 84 Propora conferta Edwards et Haime, 62, 427 Propora euiycantha Lindstrom, 427 Propora speciosa Billings, 62,330 Propora tubulata (J-onsdale),62,307,427 Protoathyris, 64,308 Protoathyrisdidyma (Dalman), 64,382 Protozeuga bicarinata (Angelin), 428 Protozoa, 76 Chitinozoa, 423 Foraminifera, 423 Psilophytales, 423 Pskovi Stage (Esthonia), 17 Pterinea, 65,332 Prerinea nodulosa Lindstrom in museo, 65,382 Pteropoda, 65,75,332,424 Pterygotus stratum, 33 Ptilodictya lanceolata (Goldfuss), 63, 261,307,331,381,410,425,427 Ptilodictya triangularis Hisinger, 63,307 Ptychophyllum patellatum, see Schlotheimophyllumpatellatum Ptychophyllum tnrncatum (Linnaeus), 60 Ftychopleurella bouchurdi (Davidson), 64, 227,269,331,382,428 Purdy, E.G. and Imbrie, J., 397,489 Purga member (Esthonia), 19 Purtse Subseries (Esthonia), 16, 17 Pycnactis, 60 Pycnomphalus acutus Lindstrom, 66,383 Pyrite, 18,278,280,323,337,351,394, 412,429,468 Pyrite layer (Esthonia), 18 Raikkiila Stage (Esthonia), 17,20,456 W e r e Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 19,32

525

INDEX

Ramraur (Stora Karlso), 228,229,230, 23 1,246 Ramtrask (Stilnga), 369 Rasmussen, H. W.,424,489

Rasm'tes Series Dalecarlia, 26 Gotland, 32

Scania, 25,26 Rauff, H., 423,489 Raukar, 179 Asunden, 209

Austre (Vamlingbo), 42, 179,419, 420

Bogeklint (Boge), 6,209,320 cement-factory raukar field (slite), 321,323

Fagelhammar (Ardre), 6,42, 179, 191,

194,195,200,203,206,209,375, 377,378,379,385,440 HammarshagahiUar (Hamra), 6,37, 42,179,189,208,209,418 Heliholm (Vamlingbo), 37,42, 179, 189,196,200,203,208,209, 418,420 Hoburgen (Sundre), 209 Holmhlillar (Vamlingbo), 5, 6,42, 179,180, 188, 189, 193, 196, 197,198,200,203,204,205, 20C, 209,441,442 Hydeviken (Hellvi), 324,325 Jungfrun (Stenkyrka), 209, 299 m a b e r g (Site), 6,209,3 19,320, 322-323 Lickershamn (Stenkyrka), 123,209, 281,299 Lilla Karlso, 209,237,258,259,261, 262,270,271,274 Ljugarn (Ardre), 6,37,42, 179,200, 201,202,203,377 Narsholm (Nar), 406 origin of, 5,6,208-210 Sigsarvebodar (Hangvar), 159 Sjausterhammar (Gammelgarn), 180, 189,206,207,209,375,376,377 Smbben (Ostergarn), 180,207,208, 372,373 Sdklint (Site), 6,209,319,322 Spillingsklint (Othem), 209,325 Spinnbjersbacke (Vallstena), 325-326

Raukar (continued) Stora Karlso, 209,228,232,236, 252,253,257

Tjelders (Boge), 209,325,326 Recognizability of fossils, 124- 126 Recrystallization, 69,71,75, 121, 122,

125-126,180,181,183,236,243, 247,253,254,255,266,355,396 Red Limestone (Vastergotland), 11

Reef defintion, 53-55,472 Reef builders, 59,84-85, 117-1 18, 180-187,188-189

Algae, 19,20,41, 55, 57, 60,73-74,

77,78, 114, 118, 176,180, 181, 182,184,185,186,187,188-189, 210,306,311,330,380,439,440, 455,456,457,460,472,473,474 bryozoans, 20,62 -63,73,77,85,118, 158,181, 182, 189, 195,197, 201, 205, 226,229,243,247, 249,250,252, 253,259,261,262,263,265,266, 269,305, 307,331, 381,387,406, 407,457,473

corals, 19,60-62,71-73,83,84,85, 114,117-118,122,125,129,148, 151,154,158 173,176,181,182, 184,185-187,189,195,197,243, 244,245,247,249,250,252,254, 259,261,262,263, 265, 266, 269,

302,303,306-307,330,380,

432-433,434,435-438,439, 455-456,457,460-461,472,473

stromatoporoids, 55,57,60,68-71,

85, 103, 108, 114, 117, 118, 122, 125, 128, 129, 148, 151, 157, 164, 165,176,180, 181,182,183-185, 186, 188, 189, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198,207,223,226,244,245,246, 247,249,250,252,253,258,259, 263,265,266,269,270,271,272, 303,306,311,330,363,380,415, 416,438-442,455,456,457,458, 460461,463,472,473,474 Reef debris, 59

approximation of volume percentage, 213-214

direction of dip, 219,221-224 distribution in horizontal direction,

526

Reef debris (continued) 217-219,253-254,259 distribution in vertical direction, 214-217 formation, 216,219,251,261,468, 469 Hoburgen reef type, 128,134,135,138, 144,145,146,147,148,149,151, 152,153,159,161-164,165-172, 176,214-216,217-218,221, 223, 290,291,294,295,299,304,305, 322,323,325,326,327,328,347, 349,352,353,357,359,361,362, 363.365,366,367,368,369,370, 371; 415. Ho1mh;illar reef type, 188, 189, 190, 192-194,199,-203,205,206-208, 210,216-217,219,221,223,224, 372,374,375,377 Karlsoarna, 230, 232, 235, 236,242, 247,249,251,253, 254,260,261, 263,266,270,271,272 Silurian, North America, 459,460, 461,462 Upper Visby reef type, 89,92, 103, 104,107 Reef dwellers, 59,74-76 Annelida, 76 Brachiopoda, 63-64, 75, 85, 120, 181, 192, 249,252,253,265, 307-308,331-332,381-382, 429,460,461 Cephalopoda, 67,75,85,181,309, 333,383-384,460 Crinoidea, 59,62,74-75,85, 120, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 192, 194,205,226,231, 239,242,245,247,249,250, 255,307,331,347,381,448, 449,450,452,454,460,461, 463-464 Gastropoda, 65-66,75, 85, 120, 181,308,332-333 Lamellibranchiata, 65,75, 120, 181, 192,308,332,382,460 Ostracoda, 68,76, 176,309,333, 3 84 Reropoda, 65,75,332 Tentaculitida, 67,308,333

INDEX

Reef dwellers (continued) Tintinnia, 76,120 Trilobita, 67-68,75-76, 181, 192,309,333,384,460 Reef frame, 59,126,460-461 Reef-induced turbulence, 462 Reef limestones Belgium, 43 8 Burgsvik Beds, 58,60-67,115, 405-407,474,475 Dalecarlia, 25 East Baltic, 18, 19,20, 456-458 Eke Beds, 58,60-67, 115, 123,387-391,448,451, 453,474,475 environment of formation, 82, 114, 127, 128, 129, 134, 138,

161,164,176-177,210-212y 280-281,310-311,329,334, 336,349,386,391-392, 407, 421422,472-474,475 Fantematype, 68,71,72,231,235,236, 238,243,252,253,254,256,473 fossil content, 59-76 Gannberg variety, 69,357,362,363 general typology, 56-58 geographical distribution, 58 Great Britain, 455-456,463 Halla-Mulde Beds, 58,60-67,115, 335-336,475 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 41, 58,60-67, 115, 117,123, 126, 127,131, 135-138,144,145,147,148, 149-152,154,161-162,164,165, 174,175,179-205,208-212,216, 218,407,410, 413-420,439, 441-443,444,449,450,451, 475 Hemse Beds, 42, 58,60-67, 115, 123, 128,131,134-135,152,163-164, 168, 174,179, 180, 183, 189,190, 191, 194, 195,200, 202,203, 206-208,211,212, 216,217,219, 221,223,224,352-386, 436,439, 445,45oY45a,463, 468,474,475 Hoburgen type, 57-58,115-177, 214-216,217,218, 221,223, 285-303,306-309,3 11,3 17-333, 335-336,338-348,352-372,

INDEX

Reef limestones (continued)

380-384,387-391,405-407, 413-418,437,448,449,450,451, 452,453,467,468-469,473 Hogklint Beds, 5,54, 58,71,73,74, 76,77,90, 114, 115, 119, 123, 124,125,126,127, 128,131, 132, 133,137,139-143,146,147,152, 155,156,157,158,159-161,166, 167, 169, 170, 172, 176, 284,

285-303,304,305,306-309,

435,436,437,439,450,457,468, 475 Holmldlar type,58, 59,60-67,68, 70,71,74,75,178-212,216-217, 219,221, 222,223,224,255,

372-386,418-420,439,440-442,

443,448,449,450,451,452,453, 454,467,474 joints, 49 Klinteberg Beds, 58,60-67, 115, 123, 125-130,131,132,133,173, 338-348,443,448,449,450,453, 474,475 Lilla Karlso, 237,258-272, 273, 275, 435,436,437,463,473,475 North America, 126,136,438,452, 458-462,463 rate of formation, 468-469 resistance against erosion, 5, 83, 113, 115, 179,183,258,456,457 sediment or sedentate, 54 Slite Beds, 58, 60-67, 73, 115, 118, 119,121,123,128,131,144,148, 152, 171,215,216,217,221,223, 317-329,330-333,434,436,439, 450,457,463,473,475 Staurnasar type, 68,71,242, 243, 244-245,247,250,258,473 Stora Karlso, 233,236,242-258,272, 273,275,276,463,473,475 stratigraphical distribution, 58,475

Upper Visby type, Upper Visby Beds,

4, 57, 58,60-67,68,72,79-114, 123, 161, 173, 176,280,431,436, 439,443,450,455-456,463,467, 475 Regndll, G., 10, 12,26,27,424,489 Rems (Vamlingbo), 420

527

Resserella, 64, 227, 308, 33 1, 428 Resserella basalis (Dalman), 64,308 Resserella elegantula (Dalman), 64, 227, 308, 331,428 Resserella visbyensis (Lindstrom), 64, 278 Retzia baylei, see Rhynchospirina baylei Reuter, G., 423,489 Rhabdophyllum striatum Wedekind, 61, 306 Rhegmaphyllum conulus (Lindstrom), 61, 306,330,380 Rhegmaphyllum slitense Wedekind, 426 Rhipidium tenuistriatum, see Conchidium tenuistriatum Rhipidomella hybri& (J. de C . Sowerby), 64,308,331,382,425,428 Rhizophyllum elongatum Lindstrom, 61, 426 Rhizophyllum gotlandicum (Roemer), 61, 226,426 Rhizophyllum reef limestone, 34 Rhombopteria, 65,308,382 Rhombopteria mira Barrande, 429 Rhynchonella exigua Lindstrom, 278 Rhynchospirina baylei (Davidson), 64, 382 Rhynchospirina bouchardi (Davidson), 64 Rhynchotreta cuneata (Dalman), 64, 227,269,308,332 Rice, C.M., 33,122,489 Ridala member (Esthonia), 19 Rill marks, 403,404,407 Ringe (Denmark), 25 Ripple marks, 284,315,316,329,334, 399,407 Roemeria, 61,330 Roemeria kunthiana Lindstrom, 61, 306,380,427 Rojsuhajd (Stora Karlso), 228, 242,250, 25 1 Rojsuhajd reef limestone (Stora Karlso), 232,242,250,272,275 Rommunds (Fide), 395 Rone Parish Eke Beds, 387 Ytterholmen, 409 RGBmusoks, A., 19,489

528 Roosval, J., 3,489 Riirviks Trask (Qa), 45 Romall, S. and Petterson, B., 3,489 Rotarve (Lye), 349 Rothpletz, A., 73,423,489 Rothpletzella, 60,74,78,306,330, 337,380,410,456,466 Rovalds (Vate), 335 Rudist reefs in Iraq, 255 Runcorn, S.K., 434,489 Runno, 7 Runsten (Uland), 10 Rute Parish Furillen, 47 Vestrume, 46 Rutten, M.G., 1,42,56,70,71,180, 242,265,489 Ryssnas (Firii), 316 Saaremaa (Esthonia), 7,8,9,19,20,21, 25,33,456,457,458 Saaremgisa Stage (Esthonia), 16 Sacal, V., 76,479 Sagging of sediments underneath 101,104, reefs, 46,93,97,98,99, 109,112,145,150,155,156,174, 229,232,245,246,248,251,252, 288,290,295,352,375,388,390, 413,414,468 Sahara Devonian, 76 Saku member (Esthonia), 18 Siillmung (Hamra), 412 Salt dome, 203 Salt pillows, 421 Salweyia striata (J. de C. Sowerby), 429 Sandarve Kulle (Fardhem), 372,380-384 Sandby (Uland), 10 Sandstone fauna of southernmost Gotland, 33 Sandvik (Oland), 10 Sandviken (Ustergarn), 180,183,190, 212,372,374 Sankt Gijran Church (Visby), 291 Sankt Olofsholm (Hellvi), 47,51 Sarv, L., 44,483 Saue Subseries (Esthonia), 16 Saunja Stage, see Nabala Stage Savage, T.E. and Van Tuyl, F.M., 458,490

INDEX

Save-Soderbergh, G., 43,394,424,490 Scania Cambrian, 21 Ordovician, 11 Silurian, 11,25-26,27 Scenidium acutum, see Skenidoides acuta Scenidium lewisi (Davidson), 428 Schieferdecker, A.A.G., 33,54,490 Schlotheimophyllum, 226 Schlotheimophyllum patellatum (Schlotheim), 61,85,306,427,430 Scldiiter, C., 423,490 Schmidt, F., 7,16,32,36,490 Schmidtiellus torelli Stage, 11 Schroeteri Limestone Uland, 10,ll Vastergtitland, 11 Schuchertella pecten, see Fardenia pecten Schwarzbach, M., 55,490 Scolecodonts,226 Scrutton, C.T., 434,490 Scutellum polyactin (Angelin), 227 Sedentate, 54 Sediment, definition, 54-55 !egerstad (Uland), 10 Seloni Stage (Esthonia), 17 Seward, A.C.,73,490 Shaub, B.M., 153,490 Shaver, R.H., 458,489 Shelf reefs, 21 1 Shrock, R.R., 54,458,461,479,490 Sibbenarve (Oja), 412 S i e i f s (Vamlingbo), 5 1 Sigsarve (Garde), 51 Sigsarvebodar (Hangvar), 124,159,160, 302,303,304,306-309 Sigvalde-trask (Etelhem), 369,380-384 Silurian, 7 Africa, 55 Antarctica, 55 Australia, 55 Baltic basin, 7,8 boundary with Devonian, 4344,394 Canada, 458 Dalecarlia, 26 Esthonia, 7,9,17,19-21, 25,27, 456-458,463 Gotska Sandiin, 13 Great Britain, 43,44,75,76,77,78,

INDEX

Silurian (continued) 329,439,455-456,463 Jamtland, 26, 27 Latvia, 19 Lithuania, 19 North America, 55,126,136,438, 452,458-462,463,464 Oslo area, 25, 27 Ostergiitland, 26, 27 palaeogeography, 25-27 reef formation, general, 55 Scania, 11,25-26,27 South America, 55 southern Europe, 55 Spain, 76 Vastergiitland, 26 Simunde (Horsne), 327,328,329 Simunde Station (Horsne), 327-328,328 Sion (TWmla), 3 16 Sjausterhammar (Gammelgam), 5 1, 180, 189, 190, 191,206,207,209,375, 376,377,443 Sjonhem Parish Klinteberg Beds, 337 Skiiret (Hamra), 420 Skenidioides acuta (Lindstrom), 227,427 Skoge (Sundre), 412 Skolithos linearis Haldeman, 29 Skolithos Sandstone (Gotska Sandon), 14 Skrubbs Limestone, 34 Slickensides, 188,435 Sliding within reef limestone, 126, 128, 188,202,296,359 Slite, 37, 56,312 cement-factory raukar field, 321,323 Kvarnbacken (Lotsbacken), 316,322, 323-324,330-333 &naberg, 6, 144, 148,209,319,320, 322-323,436 quarry of cement factory, 6,3 17, 318,321 Slottsbacken, 324 Solklint, 6,51, 119, 148,209,214, 215,217, 221,223,319,322, 330-333,436,446,447 Slite Beds, 31 1-334 boundary with Hogklint Beds, 48, 309-310,311,314 comparison with other stratigraphies, 35

529 Slite Beds (continued) correlation with Karlsoarna, 275, 276 correlation with other areas, 42, 43, 457,463 dip of boundary with Halla-Mulde Beds, 47,48 environment of formation, 275-276, 329,334,473 facies fossils, 428 guide fossils, 304,305,425,426 joints, 51 movement of basin floor, 48 orientation of coral colonies, 435,436 reef limestones, 58, 60-67, 73, 115, 118, 119, 121, 123, 128, 131, 144, 148, 152, 171, 215, 216, 217, 221, 223,317-329,330-333,434,436, 439,450,473,475 stem diameters of crinoids, 449,450, 45 1 stratified sediments, 47, 60-67, 171, 312-317,330-333,446-447 thickness, 312, 313,314,315, 316, 317,471 Slite I Beds, 310,312,313,328,473 Slite I1 Beds, 310,312,313-314,329 Slite I11 Beds, 47, 275, 312, 315-316, 325,328,329,473 Slite IV Beds, 47,48,214, 215, 216, 223,275,312,316-317,318, 329,334,435,436,473 Slite Group in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Slite marl in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36 Slite marlstone, 275,3 12, 3 15,317, 3 18, 323,324,329,334,428,473 Slottsbacken (Slite), 324 Smiland, 9 Smiss (Grotlingbo), 49,51 Smith, J., 423,490 Smojen (Hellvi), 171 Smoje-udd (Hellvi), 47 Smojge (Lilla Karlso), 237, 25 8 Snabben (Ostergarn), 58, 180, 183, 190, 191,207,208,211, 212, 216, 219,221, 223,224,372,373, 380-384,386

530 SMckgiirdsbaden (Visby), 6,82, 142,281, 286,287,288,289,290,293, 306-309,310 Sniickgirdsbaden Hotel, 80, 81, 82, 103, 286,292 Snackviken, 46 Snetogori Stage (Esthonia), 17 Sdderberg, bG.,3, 490 Solenopora, 21,60, 73, 118,330,350, 380,456,466 Solenopora gotlandica Rothpletz, 60, 306 Solklint (Slite), 6, 51, 119, 148,209, 214, 215, 217, 221,223,319,322, 330-333,436,446,447 Soot-Ryen, H., 424,490 SBrve Peninsula, 21 South Gotland Limestone, 34 Sowerby ella transversalis, see Plectodonta transversalis Spain Silurian, 76 Spanghde (Stora Karlso), 228,229,230, 232,246,247,272 Spangiinde Limestone (Stora Karlso), 225,226-228,230-233,234, 242,244,245, 247,248, 250, 256, 257,272,275 Spathognathodus steinhornensis Ziegler, 44 Sphaerexochus, 68,333,384 Sphaerexochus laciniatus Lindstrom, 68,384 Sphaerexochus scabridus Angelin, 227 Sphaerirhynchia wilsoni (J. Sowerby), 64, 227,308,332,382,425 Sphaerocodium, 73, 74 Sphaerocodium gotlandicum Rothpletz, 73 Sphaerocodium layer, 34 Sphaerocodium limestone, 409 Spinnbjersbacke (Vallstena), 325-326, 330-333,434 Spillingsklint (Othem), 118,209,312, 325,330-333,439 Spirifer eIevatus, see DeIthyris elevata “Spirifer”insignis Hedstrom, 64,382 Spirifer interlineatus, see Eospirifer interlineatus Spirifer marklini, see Eospirifer marklini Spirifer radiatus, see Eospirifer radiatus Spirorbis, 62,301,331,381,427

INDEX

Spirorbis lewisi Sowerby, 62,381 Spjeldnaes, N., 43, 391,394,423,424, 490,491 Spongiae, 55,76,120,423,460 Spongiostromu, 74, 173,337, 338,410, 456 Spongiostroma holmi Rothpletz, 309, 337 Spongiostroma layer, 34 Springer, F., 424,491 Squirrel, H.C. and Tucker, E.V., 425, 49 1 sqvalpvik, 5 Stalen (Lilla Karla), 237,262,263,265, 270,271 Smga Parish Allmungs, 349 Bro-trask, 369 Hemse Beds, 351 Ramtrask, 369 Stauria favosa (Linnaeus), 61, 330 Stiiurnasar (Stora Karlso), 228, 229, 231, 244,245,246 Stiiurnasar reef limestone (Stora Karlso), 242,244-245,247, 250 Stiiurnasar reef type, 68, 71,243, 247,258,473 Stavsklint (Tofta), 81,85, 86,97,99, 100,101,102,104,105,278,288 Stenksa (Uland), 10 Stenkumla Parish,51 Forse, 313 Gardrungs, 328,330-333 Martille, 313,314 . pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45 Slite I Beds, 313 Tomtmyr, 313 Stenkyrkahuks Fyr, 436,431 Stenkyrka Parish Jungfrun, 209,299 Lickershamn, 82,281,299,300, 301,306-309,311,436 Lickershamn raukar field, 123, 209,281,299 Stenkyrkahuks Fyr, 436, 437 Stuguklint, 126,296,299 Stephenson, T.A. and Stephenson, A., 431,491 Stetson, H.C., 210,491

53 1

INDEX

Stiudden (Stora Karlso), 228, 234, 275 Stockdale, P.B., 153,491 Stockviken (Hamra), 45,412 Stolley, E., 33,73,423,491 Stomatopora, 63 Stomatopora minor Hisinger, 427 Stora Forvar (Stora KarlSa), 228,235 Stora Hiistnas (Visby), 309,313,314 Stora Hellvigs (Fole), 328 Stora Karld, 37,225 correlation with Gotland, 275-276, 336

correlation with Lilla Karl&, 272, 275 raukar, 209,228, 232, 236, 252, 253, 25 7

reef limestones, 233,236, 242-258, 272,273,275,276,463,473,475

stratified sediments, 71, 225-236,

242,244,245,247,248,250,256, 257,272,273,275,336 Stora Ror (Oland), 10 Stora Ryftes (Fole), 3 15 Stora Vasstiide (Hablingbo), 35 1 Stora Vede (Follingbo), 217,328,436 Storburg (Hoburgen, Sundre), 71, 116, 117,138,149-152, 162,168,174, 175,218,274,413,414,415,416, 422 Storugns (Grbro), 46,5 1, 3 15 Strachan, I., 12,483

Stratigraphichiatus between Heme and Eke Beds, 40,41, 43,391,474

between Hogklint and Slite Beds, 309,3 110 between Hogklint and Tofta limestones, 284,309,310

between Tofta and Slite limestones, 309,3 10

Stratigraphy of Gotland, 1 according to Hadding, 38,56,304 according to Hede, 34, 3S, 36,36-39, 277

according to Hedstrom, 34,35 according to Jux, 35,39-42 according to Lindstrom,33,34 according to present author, 35,38, 39,471-472

according to Schmidt, 32,33 according to Van Hoepen, 34,35

Stratigraphy of Gotland (continued) according to Wedekind and Tripp, 35,36

Stratum, 33 Streptocrinus crotalums (Angelin), 62,

331 Streptorhynchus nasutum (Lindstrom), 64 Striatopora, 429 Striatopora halli Lindstrom, 61, 306 Striatopora stellulata Lindstrom, 61 ,306 Stricklandia lirata J. de C. Sowerby, 278,279 Gtricklandinia marl, 32, 33, 34 Strike joints, 49 Stromatactis, 460,46 1 Stromatolithi, 457 Stromatolitic matrix, 77-78,120,121 Stromatopora, 69 Stromatopora discoidea (Lonsdale), 60, 69,85,280,306 Stromatopora Limestone, 34 Stromatopora stratum, 33 Stromatopora typica Ros., 457 Stromatoporella, 60,69, 154 Stromatoporoids competition with corals, 229,244,245, 438,439,440 growth forms, 69-71,85,157,183, 246-247,257,271,326,352, 354,357,363,364,366,371, 440,442,443-444 latilaminae, 70, 71, 122, 183,285, 445-446

main reef builders in Silurian and Devonian, 55 not abundant in Fanterna reef type, 68,252,253,263,266,269,272

overgrowing corals, 439 palaeoecology, general, 114,189, 438446,463

polyp size, 444-445 keef builders in American Silurian, 438,460,461,463

reef builders in Belgian Devonian, 438 reef builders in British Wenlockian, 455,456

reef builders in Esthonia, 457,458 reef builders in Gotland, 57,60, 68-71,85,103,108,114,117,

532

INDEX

Stromatoporoids(continued) 11 8,122,125, 128,129,148, 151, 157,164,165,176,180, 181,182,183-185,186,188,

189,194,195,196,197,198, 207,223,303,306,311,330, 363,380,415,416,438-442, 472,473,474 reef builders on Karlsoama, 68, 226,244,245,246,247,249, 250,252,253,258,259,263, 265,266,270,271,272 Strontium-calcium ratio, 396 Stropheodonta semiglobosa (Davidson), 64, 308,331 “Strophomena”, 64,331 “Strophomena” concinna Lindstrom in museo, 64,382 “Strophomena” impressa Munthe, 352 Strophomena lovCni, see Leptaena lovtni “Strophomena” orbignyi Davidson, 64 “Strophomena” rugata Lindstrom, 64,227 “Strophomena” testudo Lindstrom in museo, 64,308 Strophonella euglypha (Hisinger), 428 Strophonella finiculata, see Amphis trophia finiculata Structure of reef limestone, 83,120-126 bed-like, 120,121 brecciated, 71,120,121,122, 124, 125,357,363,371 conglomeratic, 70,71,83,120,122, 123,125,357,363,366 massive, 120,121-123,124 nodulose, 83,122 solid, 121,122,125,126 stratified, 83,90,121, 123,129, 135,183,196,253,255,285, 302,303,343,415,417 Stuguklint (Stenkyrka), 126,296,299 Stylolites, 122, 153, 154,284,291,316, 357 Subulites, 429 Subulites ventricosus Hall (according to Hedstrom, 1923), 66,308 Suderbys (Bro), 315

Suderbys (Vasterhejde), 309,328, 330-333 Suderhamn (Stora Karlso), 228 Suderslatt (Lilla Karld),237, 258 Suderslatt (Stora Karlso), 228,232,248 Suderslatt reef limestone ( M a Karlso), 237,258,259,262,265,266, 272,273,275 Suder Vagnhus (Lilla Karlso), 237,238, 240,241,259,263,265,271,273 Sundre limestone, 179,411-413,472 Sundre Limestone in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36,38 Sundre Parish, 51,209 Hallbjihs, 5,412 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 411,412,413 Hoburgen, 5,6,37,40,41,45,46, 49,51,58,71,115-117, 123,

126,127,131,135-138,144,145, 149-152,154,161-163,164, 165,168, 174, 175, 209,216, 218,246,274,286,392,394,402, 403,404,405,407,408,409,411,

412,413-417,418,421,422,443,

451 ,453

Juves, 413 Klehammars-udd,409 Klev, 6,413 Marbardshue, 409,413 Skoge, 412 Svahnstrom, G.,3,484 SvarWar (Stora Karlso), 228,235, 236,252,253,254,255 Svarthiillar reef limestones (Stora Karlso), 233,236,242,252-258, 273,275,276 Svenska Naturskyddsforening, 225 Svinordi Stage (Esthonia), 17 Swedish language, use of article, 3 Syringaxon dalmani (Edwards et Haime), 61,306,427 Syringaxon siluriense (McCoy), 226,232 Syringolites kunthiana, see Roemeria kunthkna Syringopora, 61,154,226,280,330, 380,460 Syringostroma, 60,69 Sysne, see Sysne-udd

533

INDEX

Sysne-udd (Ostergarn), 190, 191,207, 208, 216,219,221,223,224, 373,374,380-384,386 Systematic joints, 49 Tabulate corals in English Wenlockian, 455 in Karlsoarna, 226 in marly sediments, 427 in normal stratified limestones, 429 persistent fossils, 425 in reef and crinoid limestones, 61, 71,72,125,306,330,380 in Visby Beds, 278 Taconic orogenic phase, 456 Talent, J.A. and Philip, G.M.,55,491 Tallinn (Esthonia), 14 Tallinn Series (Esthonia), 16 Talus deposits of reefs, 128, 134-135,151,153,161-164, 175,207-208,218,219,249,

251,294,295,303,366,461 Tammiku member (Esthonia), 19 Tamsalu Stage (Esthonia), 17,19,20,456 Taugourdeau, P. and De Jekhowsky, B., 423,491 Tectonics dip of the strata, 32,46-49,311, 334,407,421 epeirogenetic movements, 1,27, 47,4a, 49,52,190,276,285, 311, 336,349,386,421,472,473,474, 475 joints, 49-52, 152 pseudo-tectonic phenomena, 45-46, 375,399-400 Teichert, C., 32,55,491 Tentaculata Bryozoa, 20,55,62-63,73,77,85, 103,118, 158, 181, 182, 189, 195,197,201,205,226,229, 243,247,249,250,252,253, 259,261,262,263,265,266, 269,278,305,307,331,381, 387,406,407,424, 425,427, 457,460,473 Tentaculites, 67, 308,333 Tentaculites multiannulatus Vine, 67,333

Tentaculitida, 67,308,333 Tetracoralla in Karlsoarna, 226 in marly sediments, 426 in normal stratified limestones, 108, 429 in reef and crinoid limestones, 60-61,71,118,306,330,380 rhythmic growth patterns, 433 in Visby Beds, 278 Textoris, D.A., 458,460,461,491 Thamnopora, 61,226 Thamnopora lamellicomis (Lindstrom), 6 1, 306,427 Thecia, 72,74, 118,461 Thecia hisingeri (Jones), 62, 278 Thecia swindemiana (Goldfuss), 62,72, 307,330,429,432 Thlipsurella discreta (Jones), 428 Thorell, T. and Lindstrom, G., 424,491 Thorslund, P., 12, 14,22, 23, 24,25, 26, 29,31,32,48,491 Thorsteinsson, R. and Fortier, Y.O., 458, 49 1 Tilting, 46-49, 190 (see also Tectonics) Tingstade Parish Slite I1 Beds, 314 Slite I11 Beds, 315 Tingstade Trask, 3 15 Triighrds, 3 15 Tingstiide Trask, 3 15 Tintinnia, 76,120 Tiskre Stage (Esthonia), 15, 17 Tjiingvide-lucka (KrMingbo), 364,365 Tjelders (Boge), 209,325, 326 Tjeldersholm (Boge), 47,316, 317,326, 330-333 Tofta limestone, 38,41,282, 284,285, 304-305,309-310,311,456,472, 473 Tofta Limestone in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36, 38 stratigraphicalview by Hadding, 38, 304 stratigraphicalview by Martinsson, 304,305

534 Tofta Parish BlfiW, 81, 87, 89, 101 Gnisvards Fisklage, 279 Korpklint, 79,81,93,97 Liksarve, 47,313,328,330-333, 334 Norrgrde, 3 13 Nyrevsudde, 6, 58,79,81, 83-84, 87,88 Slite I Beds, 313,328,330-333 Stavsklint, 81, 85,86,97,99, 100, 101,102,104,105,278,288 Tofta Skjutfdt, 37,79,81,83,86,87, 93,97,99, 100 Toila Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18 Tomtmyr (Stenkumla), 313 Tondd.int (Lojsta), 369,380-384 Torsburgen (Krkklingbo), 6, 123,35 1, 363-365 Triidgkden ( m a Karlso), 237,239, 240,241,242,243,273,274 Tragilrds (Tingstade), 3 15, Trakumla Parish Sion, 3 16 Slite I Beds, 313 Triilgar (Fleringe), 315 Trapplagm (Idla Karla),237,241 Tremadocian palaeogeography ,24 Tremanotus compressus Lindstrom, 66,383 Tremanotus longitudinalis Lindstrom, 66,425 Tretaspis Limestone (scania), 11 netaspis Mudstone (Vastergatland), 11 Tretaspis Series, 25 Gotland, 31,32 Oland, 11,12 Ustergiitland, 25 Scania, 11 Vastergijtland, 11 Tretaspis Shales Ostergiitland, 25 scania 11, Viistergotland, 11 Triigi Peninsula (Esthonia), 20 Trilobita, 67-68,75-76, 181, 192, 227,229,278,309,333,384, 425,429,460

INDEX

Trimerella, 64,308,331, 382 Trimerella lindstromi (DaU), 64,331 Tripp, K., 1,35,36,38,56,423,491, 493 Trochus, 66,308,333 Trochus astraliformis Lindstrom, 66 nochus cavus Lindstrom, 66,383 Trochus gotlandicus Lindstrom, 66,308 Trochus incisus Lindstrom, 66,308,333 Trochus mollis Lindstriim, 227 Trochus visbyensis Lindstrom, 66,308 Troedsson, G.T., 25,424,492 Trough, moving at depth, 420-422 Trusheim, F., 421,492 llyblidium reticulatum Lindstrom, 66, 308 Tsuudovo Stage, see hdovo Stage Tubode FisWage (Fide), 392 Tucker, E.V., 425,491 Ttirissalu member (Esthonia), 18 Twenhofel, W.H.,56,458,492 Tyrvalds Bakke (Klinte), 348

Ubaghs, G., 424,492 Uddvide (Grotlingbo), 400,410 Uhaku Stage (Esthonia), 16,17, 18 mgase member (Esthonia), 18 Unconformity, 233,234,239,240,242, 273-275,276 Upper Visby reef type, 79-1 14,472 boundary between reef and stratified sediments, 87,89,92,94,95,97, 97-99,110,111,112,113 comparison with reefs in English Wenlockian, 455-456, 463 debris, 89,92,103,104,107 environment of formation, 82, 114,280-281,472 general character, 57,83-84 geographical distribution, 58,79,81,82 limestone mantle, 4, 87,88,89,90,91, 92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99, 101, 102-104,107,109,110,111,112,

113,114,448 limestone undeiheath, 84,87,91,92, 93,96,97,98,99-102, 104,105, 106,107,108,109,110,112,113 matrix, 57, SO, 83,85, 87, 92,93,94, 97,99,106,112 nodulose structure, 83

INDEX

535

Upper Visby reef type (continued) Occurrence at specific stratigraphic levels, 96, 97, 102, 105-107, 109 palaeogeographic distribution, 82 reef builders, 59,60-67,68,71, 72, 75, 84-85,89, 108, 111, 112, 280,431,439,443,467 reef dwellers, 59,60-67 shape of the reefs, 86-95,97 size of the reefs, 86, 87,89,90,92, 93,94,95,95-97,99, 105, 107, 108,110,111,112,113 stratified structure, 83, 87,90,91,92, 93,97,98,99, 103, 106, 123 stratigraphical distribution, 57,58,79, 81,82,113 Uppgirrds (Liirbro), 3 15 Usdowski, H.E., 396,492 Utbunge (Bunge), 316 Utfall (Stora Karla), 228,229,235 Vaginatenkalkstein (Esthonia), 16 Vaika (Esthonia), 20 Valar (Vamlingbo), 49,51,392,399, 402,407,409 Valdaic Series (Esthonia), 15, 17 Valentian, 42 Vallstena Parish Spinnbjersbacke, 325-326,330-333, 434 Vallve (Eskelhem), 313 Vamlingbo Parish, 51 Austre, 42, 179,419,420 boring, 392,409 Grumpevik, 410 Hamra-Sundre Beds, 41 1,412 Heliholm, 37,42,179,189,190, 196,200,202,203,208,209, 420, 444 Holmhiillar, 5,6,42, 58, 179, 180, 181-183,184,185,186,187,188, 189,190,191-196,196-199,

200-205, 208, 209, 418, 439, u41-442,444 Ketteldrd, 41,49,417,419 Kettelviken, 51,410,411,413 Killingholmen, 41,399,413 Kvarna, 411 Rems, 420

Vamlingbo Parish (continued) Sigreifs, 51 Sniickviken, 46 Valar, 49,51,392,399,402,407,40S Vastlands, 41 1 Van Bemmelen, R.W., 203,492 Vhdburgsviken (Hamra), 51 V i d r a (Esthonia), 20 V i g e Parish Bjerges Station, 338 Bringes, 173 Klinteberg Beds, 338 Van Hoepen, E.C.N., 32,34,35,36,45, 46,56,492 Van Tuyl, F.M., 458, 490 Vasalemma member (Esthonia), 18 Vasalemma Stage (Esthonia), 16,17,18, 456 Vaskinde Parish Brissund, 6, 126, 139, 145, 168, 281, 291, 292, 293, 295 Gdungs, 315 Vasterberg (Lilla Karla), 237, 238 Vasterberg (Stora Karlso), 228, 229,230, 246,247 Vlisterby (Guldrupe), 173 Vastergarn Parish Paviken, 313 Vastergiitland Ordovician, 11, 25 Silurian, 11,26,27 Vasterhejde Parish Axelsro, 4,5,79, 84, 87,88,91,93, 94,98,101,103,104,289 Bjars, 313 Fridhem, 79,92,105,106,107 Hallbro Slott, 314 Hogklint, 5,6,51,74,76,90,98, 99, 103, 115, 123, 126,281, 285-286,306-309,3 11,433 Kneippbyn, 79, 81,90,91,92,94, 95,96,97,108-112, 289,290, 311,43 1,436,439 Korpklint, 79,97,288 Rite I Beds, 313 Slite II1 Beds, 3 15 Suderbys, 309,328,330-333 Ygne Fhklage, 79 Vtistlands (Vamlingbo), 41 1

536 Vate Parish, 275 Halla reef limestones, 335 Kvie GTgine, 335,336 Rovalds, 335 Vaughan, T.W., 263,430,465,492 Veite Auren ( m a Kadso), 237,238 Vernet, J.P., 396,397,478 Vestrume (Rute), 46 Vialms (Fleringe), 310,314,315 Vialms-udd (Fleringe), 51 Vidmyr (Lokrume), 3 15 Vikare (Viklau), 336 Viklau Parish Halla reef limestones, 335 Klinteberg Beds, 337 Vikare, 336 Vilsandi (Esthonia), 20 Vinglu (Stora Karlso), 228,23 1,256,257 Viruan Series (Esthonia), 16, 17,18 Visby, 37 Bingerskvarn, 309 boring, 14,29,32,48 capital of Gotland, 3 Galgberg, 6, 51,77,123, 126,282, 285,286,291,292,306-309 Galgberg Extension, 292,435,436, 437 Gutevagen, 285 Katrinelund, 314 Osterby, 313 Sankt Wran Church, 291 Snackgixdsbaden, 6,82, 142,281, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 293, 306-309,310 SnackgiirdsbadenHotel, 80,81,82, 103,286,292 Stora Hiistniis, 309,313,314 Visby Skjutfdt, 51,81, 83, 87,90, 92,108-112 Visby Beds, 277-281 comparison with other stratigraphies, 32,35 correlation with other areas, 42,43, 457 environment of formation, 82, 114, 280-281,472 guide fossils, 425,426 one unit with two subunits, 277,471 stratified sediments, 4,5,277-280

INDEX

Visby Beds (contiiued) thickness, 471 Visby Beds, Lower stratified sediments, 278-279 thickness, 278 Visby Beds, Upper average dip of strata, 47 boundary with Hogklint Beds, 79, 90,113,280,282,289,290,291, 293,296,297,301,311 facies fossils, 277,426,428,430 joints, 51 layered coral colony, 434 orientation of coral colonies, 83, 436,437 reef limestones, 4, 57, 58,60-67, 68,72,79-114,123,161,173, 176,280,431,436,439,443,450, 455-456,463,467,475 stem diameter of crinoids, 449,450 stratified sediments, 71, 72, 79, 82, 86,87,88,93,97-104, 105,106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 140, 278, 279-280 thickness, 279 Visby fauna, 33,34 Visby Folgen, 35,39,40 Visby marl in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36 Visby Marlstone, Lower in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36, 38 Visby Marlstone, Upper in stratigraphy by Hede, 34,35,36, 38 Visby reef in stratigraphy by Wedekind and Tripp, 36 Visby shooting range, 51, 81,83, 87,90, 92,108-112 Visneklint (Alskog), 134-135,367 Volchov Stage, see Toila Stage Von Bubnoff, S., 26,27,49,492 Von Kiesow, J., 423,492 Vormsi Stage (Esthonia), 16, 17, 18, 19,32 Wabash (Ind., U.S.A.), 460 Waern, B., 12,25,493

537

INDEX

Waistcoat-pocket bioherm, 70,71 Waldai Series, see Valdaic Series Waldheimia bican’nata, see Protozeuga bicarinata Walmsley, V.G., 424,493 Warburgella rugulosa (Lindstrom), 68, 309 Water aeration, 467-468 Water depth, 82, 114, 129, 176-177, 210-212,216,251, 266,272,273, 275,276,280-;281,311,329,334, 336,349,386,391, 392,400,401, 403,406,407,409,418,422, 438-440,453,456,457,458,459, 462-463,466-467,472-474,475 Water movement, 53,54, 138, 166, 168, 169, 171,172, 189, 192, 199,210, 214,218,221, 262,266,272,281, 357,395,396,397, 398,407,422, 435,437,442,453,459,461,462, 463,467,468 Water temperature, 465-466 Wave resistance, 54,461-462 Wedekind, R., 1,35,36,38, 56,423,493 Wells, J.W., 263, 434, 492, 493 Wenlockian Dalecarlia, 26 Esthonia, 7,17,20,456 Gotland, 7,32,33,42,43 Great Britain, 75,76, 77,78,439, 455-456,463 Jamtland, 26 bstergotland, 27 Scania, 26 Vastergiitland, 27 Wesenbergschichten (Esthonia), 16,32 WestergSlrd, A.H., 9, 10, 12,29,31,32, 491,493 Westergarn fauna, 33 Western reef limestones (Stora Karlso), 244-248,250,272,275 Whitcliffe Flags (England), 43, 44, 394 White, E.I., 394,493 Whitfieldella,227 Whitfieldellad i d y m , see Protoathyris didyma Wilsonia wilsoni, see Sphaerirhynchia wilsoni Wiman, C., 33,56,424,493

Winterer, E.L. and Murphy, M.A., 55,493

Wolf, K.H., 396,397,493 Wood, E.M.R., 42,479 Woodford, A.O., 430,494 Woodward, H., 423, 483 Wright, A.D., 424,494 Ygne Fisklage (Vasterhejde), 79 Yonge, C.M., 430,445,466,494 Ytterholmen (Hellvi), 3 17 Ytterholmen (Rone), 409 Zadnik, V.E., 458,478 Zaphrentis vortex Lindstrom, 427 Zelophyllum hligklinti Wedekind, 61, 306 Zelophy llu m intermedium Wedekind, 61,306 Zelophyllum spiflosum Wedekind, 6 1,‘ 306 Ziegler, A.M., 329,494 Zooxanthellae, 466-467