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Individual and combined effects of manganese, lead and arsenic on neurobehavioral development of rats
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
to deliver tobacco flavor. The mechanism of tobacco vapor generation is unique as it does not directly heat the tobacco, in contrast to existing heat-not-burn products. NTV also differs from many ecigarettes as the liquid being vaporized does not contain nicotine. The objective of this study was to investigate emissions in terms of Hoffmann analytes and to investigate the in vitro toxicological activity of vapor from a NTV compared to combustible cigarette smoke (CS). The study conditions were designed in accordance with Health Canada official methods incorporated by the Tobacco Reporting Regulations. Results of the chemical analysis for 44 mainstream cigarette smoke constituents, indicated that the NTV yields for most of analytes in vapor were significantly reduced in comparison to those from CS. Additionally, results from Ames mutagenicity, micronucleus and neutral red uptake assay showed that NTV did not induce significant increases in activity above that of the solvent control whereas CS exhibited significant responses. These results demonstrated that the NTV generates significantly reduced quantities of Hoffmann analytes in vapor and exhibits a very different toxicological profile in comparison to CS. The differences in vapor chemistry and toxicity is also discussed in comparison with other emerging products. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2091 P24-008 Portable colorimetric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase for assay of nerve agents M. Pohanka 1,∗ , V. Vlcek 2 1 Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic 2 Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
Different toxic compounds can target cholinergic nervous system including enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Nerve agents with military capability and ability to irreversible inhibit AChE can be exampled. The fact that AChE can be inhibited by nerve agents can be employed for analytical purposes. In the work here, biosensor having embedded AChE was developed to prove presence of nerve agents. AChE was immobilized onto microporous cellulose film by forming of flexible membrane which underwent optimization and activity of AChE was determined using indoxylacetate applied into the mentioned membrane. Coloration was assayed and decrease of the coloration was proved in presence of nerve agents. Sarin, soman and VX compound were selected for biosensor characterization as well. We proved good stability of the biosensors with no aging in a quarter of year and minimal sensitivity to organic solvents interference. Furthermore, limit of detection ranging from 10 to 100 nmol/l is promising result from the assay. The best limit of detection was observed for sarin while soman was assayed with the highest limit of detection. Total low volume of used sample equal to 40 l should be mentioned as another advantage of the method. In a conclusion, the assay is reliable tool for the determining of nerve agents in field conditions with minimal costs per one assay. Long term stability and miniaturized size for biosensor with active size approximately 4 mm2 is another advantage. Acknowledgments: A long-term organization development plan 1011 (Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Czech Republic) is gratefully acknowledged. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2092
S321
P24-009 Individual and combined effects of manganese, lead and arsenic on neurobehavioral development of rats C.B. Davuljigari ∗ , R.R. Gottipolu Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India In this study, we examined the changes in neurobehavioral functions of rats following individual and combined exposure to lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in early life. Male rats were exposed to 0.2% Pb and arsenite (50 ppm) in drinking water of the mother from postnatal day 1 (PND) to PND 21. Mn (2.5 mg/kg) was given to rats (PND 28) through intraperitoneal injection for a period of 4 weeks. To study the combined effect of these metals, Pb exposed animals were exposed to Mn from PND 28 for 4 weeks; As + Pb via drinking water from PND 1 to 21. The results showed ACh and dopamine levels increased where as AChE and MAO activities decreased in cortex and hippocampus following individual and combined exposures to Pb, As and Mn at PND 60, 3 and 4 months age group rats. Further, we found exposure to Pb, As, Mn, Pb + Mn and Pb + As altered the activity of SOD and increased the MDA levels in cortex and hippocampus in all age groups of rats. These alterations were greater in hippocampus with Pb exposure and in cortex of Mn, As, Pb + As and Pb + Mn exposed rats. The exploratory and motor functions were also altered in age dependent manner following exposure to Pb, Mn and As. In conclusion, data indicate that co-exposure to Pb + Mn and Pb + As greatly increased the changes in neurobehavioral functions and altered the Pb deposition in brain compared to individual metals suggesting toxicity of Pb should be considered within the context of metalmixture exposures. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2093 P24-010 Integrated strategy for assessing the aquatic environmental impact of raw materials in rinse-off cosmetic products C.M. Carvalho 1,∗ , N.A. Vita 2 , A.M. Canavez 1 , O. Kruger 1 , C.A. Brohem 1 , M. Lorencini 1 1
Grupo Boticário, Department of Safety and Efficiency Evaluation (Departamento de Avaliac¸ão de Seguranc¸a e Eficácia), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil 2 Universidade Positivo, Masters in Industrial Biotechnology, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil The increasing concern of the cosmetic industry to manufacture products with a low environmental impact has caused the industry to increase the monitoring of its entire supply chain, from the sustainability of raw materials to biodiversity conservation. This study proposed an integrated strategy that assesses the impact of cosmetic raw materials using relevant international parameters. This study considered 40 raw materials that are employed in rinseoff cosmetic products, including sunscreens, preservatives and humectants, to establish parameters for risk assessment and predict their effect on aquatic organisms. To analyze the environmental impact of these raw materials, the following parameters were considered: bioaccumulation, biodegradation, acute aquatic toxicity and the risk quotient Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) to Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) ratio. Using database searches, scientific literature and international law reviews, the parameters established by international agencies were compared.
to deliver tobacco flavor. The mechanism of tobacco vapor generation is unique as it does not directly heat the tobacco, in contrast to existing heat-not-burn products. NTV also differs from many ecigarettes as the liquid being vaporized does not contain nicotine. The objective of this study was to investigate emissions in terms of Hoffmann analytes and to investigate the in vitro toxicological activity of vapor from a NTV compared to combustible cigarette smoke (CS). The study conditions were designed in accordance with Health Canada official methods incorporated by the Tobacco Reporting Regulations. Results of the chemical analysis for 44 mainstream cigarette smoke constituents, indicated that the NTV yields for most of analytes in vapor were significantly reduced in comparison to those from CS. Additionally, results from Ames mutagenicity, micronucleus and neutral red uptake assay showed that NTV did not induce significant increases in activity above that of the solvent control whereas CS exhibited significant responses. These results demonstrated that the NTV generates significantly reduced quantities of Hoffmann analytes in vapor and exhibits a very different toxicological profile in comparison to CS. The differences in vapor chemistry and toxicity is also discussed in comparison with other emerging products. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2091 P24-008 Portable colorimetric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase for assay of nerve agents M. Pohanka 1,∗ , V. Vlcek 2 1 Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic 2 Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
Different toxic compounds can target cholinergic nervous system including enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Nerve agents with military capability and ability to irreversible inhibit AChE can be exampled. The fact that AChE can be inhibited by nerve agents can be employed for analytical purposes. In the work here, biosensor having embedded AChE was developed to prove presence of nerve agents. AChE was immobilized onto microporous cellulose film by forming of flexible membrane which underwent optimization and activity of AChE was determined using indoxylacetate applied into the mentioned membrane. Coloration was assayed and decrease of the coloration was proved in presence of nerve agents. Sarin, soman and VX compound were selected for biosensor characterization as well. We proved good stability of the biosensors with no aging in a quarter of year and minimal sensitivity to organic solvents interference. Furthermore, limit of detection ranging from 10 to 100 nmol/l is promising result from the assay. The best limit of detection was observed for sarin while soman was assayed with the highest limit of detection. Total low volume of used sample equal to 40 l should be mentioned as another advantage of the method. In a conclusion, the assay is reliable tool for the determining of nerve agents in field conditions with minimal costs per one assay. Long term stability and miniaturized size for biosensor with active size approximately 4 mm2 is another advantage. Acknowledgments: A long-term organization development plan 1011 (Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Czech Republic) is gratefully acknowledged. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2092
S321
P24-009 Individual and combined effects of manganese, lead and arsenic on neurobehavioral development of rats C.B. Davuljigari ∗ , R.R. Gottipolu Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India In this study, we examined the changes in neurobehavioral functions of rats following individual and combined exposure to lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in early life. Male rats were exposed to 0.2% Pb and arsenite (50 ppm) in drinking water of the mother from postnatal day 1 (PND) to PND 21. Mn (2.5 mg/kg) was given to rats (PND 28) through intraperitoneal injection for a period of 4 weeks. To study the combined effect of these metals, Pb exposed animals were exposed to Mn from PND 28 for 4 weeks; As + Pb via drinking water from PND 1 to 21. The results showed ACh and dopamine levels increased where as AChE and MAO activities decreased in cortex and hippocampus following individual and combined exposures to Pb, As and Mn at PND 60, 3 and 4 months age group rats. Further, we found exposure to Pb, As, Mn, Pb + Mn and Pb + As altered the activity of SOD and increased the MDA levels in cortex and hippocampus in all age groups of rats. These alterations were greater in hippocampus with Pb exposure and in cortex of Mn, As, Pb + As and Pb + Mn exposed rats. The exploratory and motor functions were also altered in age dependent manner following exposure to Pb, Mn and As. In conclusion, data indicate that co-exposure to Pb + Mn and Pb + As greatly increased the changes in neurobehavioral functions and altered the Pb deposition in brain compared to individual metals suggesting toxicity of Pb should be considered within the context of metalmixture exposures. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2093 P24-010 Integrated strategy for assessing the aquatic environmental impact of raw materials in rinse-off cosmetic products C.M. Carvalho 1,∗ , N.A. Vita 2 , A.M. Canavez 1 , O. Kruger 1 , C.A. Brohem 1 , M. Lorencini 1 1
Grupo Boticário, Department of Safety and Efficiency Evaluation (Departamento de Avaliac¸ão de Seguranc¸a e Eficácia), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil 2 Universidade Positivo, Masters in Industrial Biotechnology, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil The increasing concern of the cosmetic industry to manufacture products with a low environmental impact has caused the industry to increase the monitoring of its entire supply chain, from the sustainability of raw materials to biodiversity conservation. This study proposed an integrated strategy that assesses the impact of cosmetic raw materials using relevant international parameters. This study considered 40 raw materials that are employed in rinseoff cosmetic products, including sunscreens, preservatives and humectants, to establish parameters for risk assessment and predict their effect on aquatic organisms. To analyze the environmental impact of these raw materials, the following parameters were considered: bioaccumulation, biodegradation, acute aquatic toxicity and the risk quotient Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) to Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) ratio. Using database searches, scientific literature and international law reviews, the parameters established by international agencies were compared.