- Email: [email protected]
Individual differences in frontal midline theta dynamic during solving supercomplex working memory tasks
IOP 2016
Introduction: Inherited mothers’ thrombophilic predisposition (MTP) is known as a risk factor for burdened obstetrical history of women but the relationships between it and cognitive status in their children is not investigated thoroughly. Methods: Case-control study. 37 children had born from MTP (1st group) and 47 neonates with clear mothers’ obstetrical history and MTP (1st and 2nd groups) were assessed according to mental and motor development mile stones at 6 and 12 month (1st and 2nd groups). MTP carried 5 and more thrombophilic single nucleotide polymorphisms among the following genes: FII: 20210, F5:1691, ITGA: 807, ITGB: 1565, PAI:-675, MTHFR: 677 and 1298, MTRR: 66, MTR: 2756 in homozygous or heterozygous state. All of participants had informed consent form. The quantity of term and preterm neonates were equal in groups. Results: We found the neonates from both group were comparable at 6 month age: motor and/or motor delays 3vs5 (pN0, 05). But in year-old children mental and/or motor delays were more frequent in 1st group: 14 patients (1st group) vs 3 (2nd group). We assessed the risk of motor and/or motor delays aged 1 year according to mothers’ MTR: OR 8, 93 (95%CI 2, 26-35, 22, Fisher 0, 00039, φ 0,389). The number and severity of white matter lesions in brain ultrasound data were comparable in both groups: 3vs3 (pN0, 05). Conclusions: There were no direct link between MTP and brain damage in 1-y.o. children: ischemic lesions in brain were not differed between groups. Confirmed MTP of mothers may increase the risk of mental and motor delays in year-old babies in more than 8 times. This work was supported by grant Russian Science Foundation № 1618-10371. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.452
265 Individual differences in frontal midline theta dynamic during solving supercomplex working memory tasks Yuri G. Pavlov Ural Federal University, University of Tuebingen, Yekaterinburg, Russia According to Baddeley & Hitch (Baddeley 2012) model working memory (WM) consists of short-term storage components and central executive. Central executive is responsible for the manipulation of information. Also it controls attention and prevents memory from interference of irrelevant stimuli. Despite the growing interest to the WM in last decades all existing neuroimaging studies have at least one limitation for investigation of individual differences in WM performance. At first, most of WM studies had been using n-back paradigm but this task can’t distinguish manipulation and retention functions. Second, usually the studies included only tasks with moderate difficulty. And last, sample size in the studies didn’t exceed 14 subject in each group. In the current study we used varied complexity of the tasks from average to supercomplex and two types of tasks: with mental manipulations and just retrieval tasks. The main aim of this study was to reveal EEG correlates of individual differences in working memory performance. The final sample included 65 women (mean age = 20, 92, SD = 2,96). The random sequences of letters of the alphabet were used as stimuli for WM task. Participants were instructed to memorize sets of 5, 6 and 7 letters either without any manipulations (retrieval task) or after mental recombination of letters in the alphabetic order (manipulation task). EEG data were collected from 19 sites according to standard 10-20 system. EEG data analysis preceded the division of participants into 2 groups: the high performance group (HPG) and the low performance group (LPG) (the 1st median and the 2nd).
157
Measured characteristics of EEG frontal midline theta (FMT) during manipulation or retrieval of information in WM were compared in two groups. The obtained behavioral data have shown rather uniform and similar dynamics in decreasing of correct answers quantity in process of tasks’ complexity increasing. However, changes of FMT in different groups had pronounced differences. HPG had systematic increasing power of FMT from easy to the moderate difficulty tasks with stabilization on the most difficult ones (memorizing of 7 letters in the alphabetic order). Meanwhile, in LPG there was a sharp falling of FMT after achievement of its maximum activation in the moderate difficulty tasks. This “overload” effect of WM obtained on the supercomplex tasks and on a large sample of subjects propose crucial role of FMT activation in individual differences in WM performance. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.453
270 Processing of distance of tonal modulation: An ERP Study Grigori S. Radchenkoa, Kirill N. Gromova, Marina Korsakova-Kreynb a Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia b Touro College, Manhattan (Lander College), New-York, United States Increasingly, music is used as a therapeutic tool for rehabilitation and for research in psychophysiology. Tonal modulation is one of the main structural and expressive aspects of music. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of cognitive processing of different degrees of tonal modulation with ERP. EEG measurements were recorded from 20 participants (6 males, age M=19.7, SD=2) while they were listening to harmonic progressions with unprepared tonal modulation to the subdominant (step 5, a near modulation that leads to replacement of one diatonic tone in the beginning tonality), the ascending minor sixth (step 8, a distant modulation that leads to replacement of four diatonic tones in the beginning tonality) and the tritone (step 6, a distant modulation that leads to replacement of six diatonic tones in the beginning tonality). The set of stimuli also included a non-modulating (zero-step modulation) harmonic progression to establish a baseline for comparison of responses to different degrees of modulation. All stimuli started and concluded in a major mode. The progressions were each eight-chord long and they were similar in rhythm, tempo, duration, sound intensity, timbre, and range. The progressions differed in the beginning tonality and in degree of modulation. The EEG was recorded from 19 electrodes located according to the standard “10-20” scheme. ERP were averaged on the modulating chords. We conducted a multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures (MANOVA) for the following factors: distance of modulation, brain hemisphere, and brain areas. A MANOVA for an early-time interval, 150-250 ms, revealed the main effect of distance (F=18.59, pb0.01), whereas a MANOVA for a late-time interval, 450550 ms, showed the main effect of distance and an interaction between distance and brain area (F=8.94, pb0.01) and an interaction between distance and brain hemisphere (F=5.09, pb0.01). After applying post-hoc test (Bonferroni correction) we found that for the 150-250 ms time interval, the responses to all modulating progressions were significantly different from the responses to the nonmodulating progression; and we found that for the 450-550 ms time interval, there was a significant difference between the responses to distant modulations and non-modulation. The results suggest that N500 component is related to processing the tonal distances between the beginning and concluding tonalities. We assume that
Introduction: Inherited mothers’ thrombophilic predisposition (MTP) is known as a risk factor for burdened obstetrical history of women but the relationships between it and cognitive status in their children is not investigated thoroughly. Methods: Case-control study. 37 children had born from MTP (1st group) and 47 neonates with clear mothers’ obstetrical history and MTP (1st and 2nd groups) were assessed according to mental and motor development mile stones at 6 and 12 month (1st and 2nd groups). MTP carried 5 and more thrombophilic single nucleotide polymorphisms among the following genes: FII: 20210, F5:1691, ITGA: 807, ITGB: 1565, PAI:-675, MTHFR: 677 and 1298, MTRR: 66, MTR: 2756 in homozygous or heterozygous state. All of participants had informed consent form. The quantity of term and preterm neonates were equal in groups. Results: We found the neonates from both group were comparable at 6 month age: motor and/or motor delays 3vs5 (pN0, 05). But in year-old children mental and/or motor delays were more frequent in 1st group: 14 patients (1st group) vs 3 (2nd group). We assessed the risk of motor and/or motor delays aged 1 year according to mothers’ MTR: OR 8, 93 (95%CI 2, 26-35, 22, Fisher 0, 00039, φ 0,389). The number and severity of white matter lesions in brain ultrasound data were comparable in both groups: 3vs3 (pN0, 05). Conclusions: There were no direct link between MTP and brain damage in 1-y.o. children: ischemic lesions in brain were not differed between groups. Confirmed MTP of mothers may increase the risk of mental and motor delays in year-old babies in more than 8 times. This work was supported by grant Russian Science Foundation № 1618-10371. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.452
265 Individual differences in frontal midline theta dynamic during solving supercomplex working memory tasks Yuri G. Pavlov Ural Federal University, University of Tuebingen, Yekaterinburg, Russia According to Baddeley & Hitch (Baddeley 2012) model working memory (WM) consists of short-term storage components and central executive. Central executive is responsible for the manipulation of information. Also it controls attention and prevents memory from interference of irrelevant stimuli. Despite the growing interest to the WM in last decades all existing neuroimaging studies have at least one limitation for investigation of individual differences in WM performance. At first, most of WM studies had been using n-back paradigm but this task can’t distinguish manipulation and retention functions. Second, usually the studies included only tasks with moderate difficulty. And last, sample size in the studies didn’t exceed 14 subject in each group. In the current study we used varied complexity of the tasks from average to supercomplex and two types of tasks: with mental manipulations and just retrieval tasks. The main aim of this study was to reveal EEG correlates of individual differences in working memory performance. The final sample included 65 women (mean age = 20, 92, SD = 2,96). The random sequences of letters of the alphabet were used as stimuli for WM task. Participants were instructed to memorize sets of 5, 6 and 7 letters either without any manipulations (retrieval task) or after mental recombination of letters in the alphabetic order (manipulation task). EEG data were collected from 19 sites according to standard 10-20 system. EEG data analysis preceded the division of participants into 2 groups: the high performance group (HPG) and the low performance group (LPG) (the 1st median and the 2nd).
157
Measured characteristics of EEG frontal midline theta (FMT) during manipulation or retrieval of information in WM were compared in two groups. The obtained behavioral data have shown rather uniform and similar dynamics in decreasing of correct answers quantity in process of tasks’ complexity increasing. However, changes of FMT in different groups had pronounced differences. HPG had systematic increasing power of FMT from easy to the moderate difficulty tasks with stabilization on the most difficult ones (memorizing of 7 letters in the alphabetic order). Meanwhile, in LPG there was a sharp falling of FMT after achievement of its maximum activation in the moderate difficulty tasks. This “overload” effect of WM obtained on the supercomplex tasks and on a large sample of subjects propose crucial role of FMT activation in individual differences in WM performance. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.453
270 Processing of distance of tonal modulation: An ERP Study Grigori S. Radchenkoa, Kirill N. Gromova, Marina Korsakova-Kreynb a Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia b Touro College, Manhattan (Lander College), New-York, United States Increasingly, music is used as a therapeutic tool for rehabilitation and for research in psychophysiology. Tonal modulation is one of the main structural and expressive aspects of music. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of cognitive processing of different degrees of tonal modulation with ERP. EEG measurements were recorded from 20 participants (6 males, age M=19.7, SD=2) while they were listening to harmonic progressions with unprepared tonal modulation to the subdominant (step 5, a near modulation that leads to replacement of one diatonic tone in the beginning tonality), the ascending minor sixth (step 8, a distant modulation that leads to replacement of four diatonic tones in the beginning tonality) and the tritone (step 6, a distant modulation that leads to replacement of six diatonic tones in the beginning tonality). The set of stimuli also included a non-modulating (zero-step modulation) harmonic progression to establish a baseline for comparison of responses to different degrees of modulation. All stimuli started and concluded in a major mode. The progressions were each eight-chord long and they were similar in rhythm, tempo, duration, sound intensity, timbre, and range. The progressions differed in the beginning tonality and in degree of modulation. The EEG was recorded from 19 electrodes located according to the standard “10-20” scheme. ERP were averaged on the modulating chords. We conducted a multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures (MANOVA) for the following factors: distance of modulation, brain hemisphere, and brain areas. A MANOVA for an early-time interval, 150-250 ms, revealed the main effect of distance (F=18.59, pb0.01), whereas a MANOVA for a late-time interval, 450550 ms, showed the main effect of distance and an interaction between distance and brain area (F=8.94, pb0.01) and an interaction between distance and brain hemisphere (F=5.09, pb0.01). After applying post-hoc test (Bonferroni correction) we found that for the 150-250 ms time interval, the responses to all modulating progressions were significantly different from the responses to the nonmodulating progression; and we found that for the 450-550 ms time interval, there was a significant difference between the responses to distant modulations and non-modulation. The results suggest that N500 component is related to processing the tonal distances between the beginning and concluding tonalities. We assume that