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Industry 4.0 – An Introduction in the phenomenon
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49-25 (2016) 008–012in the phenomenon IndustryIFAC-PapersOnLine 4.0 – An Introduction Industry 4.0 – An Introduction in the phenomenon Industry 4.0***, – An Introduction in the phenomenon F. Zezulka* P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl***
F. Zezulka* ***, P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl*** F. Zezulka* ***, P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl***
* Department of Control and Instrumentation, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republicand (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi * Department of Control Instrumentation, [email protected]). University of Technology, * Department of Control and Instrumentation, [email protected]). University of Technology, ** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi @feec.vutbr.cz). Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). ** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, ***** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, BrnoUniversity UniversityofofTechnology, Technology, Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). Czech Republic zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) *** Centre for Research and(e-mail: Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno University of Technology, *** Centre for Research and(e-mail: Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) Abstract: The goal of the paper is to introduce specialists from industry into the important phenomenon of the recentThe technology andpaper to explain cyber – physical and from informatics background of the platform Industry Abstract: goal of the is to introduce specialists industry into the important phenomenon of Abstract: The goal in ofany the paper isand to implementation introduce specialists industry into the important phenomenon of 4.0 and basic steps ofand thefrom Industry 4.0background systems. Authors introduce readers the recent technology anddesign to explain cyber – physical informatics of the platform Industry the recent and to explain cyber – physical of the platform Industry in both thetechnology RAMI 4.0any asdesign well asand theimplementation Industry 4.0 Components models which represent necessary initial 4.0 and basic steps in ofand theinformatics Industry 4.0background systems. Authors introduce readers 4.0 and basic steps in any design and implementation of the Industry 4.0 systems. Authors introduce background of any Industry 4.0 application. The main stress is given to the Industry 4.0 components model, in both the RAMI 4.0 as well as the Industry 4.0 Components models which represent necessaryreaders initial in bothenables the RAMI 4.0 asfrom well as theto Industry Components models represent necessary initial which understand already existing Industry 4.0 case studies and to develop background of designers any Industry 4.0firms application. The4.0 main stress is given to thewhich Industry 4.0 components model, background of designers any 4.0 Industry 4.0firms application. The main stress is givenIndustry to the Industry components model, their first Industry case studies applications. which enables from to understand already existing 4.0 case4.0 studies and to develop which enables designers from firmsapplications. to understand already existing Industry 4.0 case studies and to develop their first Industry 4.0 case studies © 2016, (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. their firstIFAC Industry 4.0 case studies Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0applications. component, administrative shell, by communication, virtual Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0 component, administrative shell, communication, virtual Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0 component, administrative shell, communication, virtual to work out systems with features of very modern components 1. INTRODUCTION which even inwith the design phase.components to workwill outbe systems featuresand of testing very modern INTRODUCTION It has been said and1.written much and much about the Industry to work Such a digitization of industrial can components create quite out systems featuresand ofproduction very modern 1. INTRODUCTION which will be even inwith the design testing phase. 4.0 different workshops. An and opinion authors of this new It hasinbeen said and written much muchof about the Industry digital market On the basis of the data (accessible which will be even models. in the design and testing phase. Such a digitization of industrial production can create quite It said and much muchof about thefirst Industry contribution is that itwritten was probably necessary in the 4.0hasinbeen different workshops. An and opinion authors ofyears this new in cloud) users will be able to predict a shutdown of production Such a digitization of industrial production can create quite digital market models. On the basis of the data (accessible 4.0 in new different workshops. An opinion of in authors this new of the technological revolution, but they are contribution is that it was probably necessary theconvinced, firstofyears of cloud) some ofusers production entities etc. digital market Onpredict the basis of the data in will models. be able to a shutdown of (accessible production contribution is that it was probably theconvinced, first years in that already the right timenecessary to praxis in better of thenow newistechnological revolution, buthelp theyin are For purposes complex production – market willof be such able toa predict a shutdown of production of cloud) some ofusers production entities etc. of newistechnological revolution, buthelp they are convinced, understanding of the the system - time technical background the networks leading institution and firms in Germany – the thatthenow already right to praxis in of better of some ofthe production entities For purposes of such a etc. complex production – market that now 4.0 is already right to help praxis better Industry platform and make engineering steps intowards country of the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas understanding of the the system - time technical background of the leading For purposes of such a complex production – market networks the leading institution and firms in Germany – theunderstanding of the system - key technical of and the networks developed theand RAMI (Reference Industry 4.0 applications. issue background of any design theand leading institution firms in4.0 Germany – theplatform and The make engineering steps towards leading country ofpublished the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry platform andrecent make engineering steps towards system development in the engineering in Industry country ofpublished the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas4.0developed and the RAMI 4.0 Industry (Reference 4.0 applications. The key issue of work any design and leading models inIndustry the lastthe year. Because the above developed published RAMI 4.0of (Reference Industry 4.0a applications. The key issue of work any and 4.0 willdevelopment be properinimplementation of both, the design RAMI 4.0 Component Architecture and Model 4.0) and the Industry 4.0 system the recent engineering in Industry mentioned three interconnected factors, the 3D graphical Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry 4.0 system development in the recent engineering work in (Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry above 4.0 will be a proper implementation of both, the RAMI 4.0 Component models in the last year. Because of the model RAMI 4.0 has been developed. Component models in the last year. Because of the above mentioned three interconnected factors, the 3D graphical model 4.0 will be a proper implementation of both, the RAMI 4.0 Components models. Authors will explain the models in (Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry threebeen interconnected the 3D graphical model RAMI 4.0 has developed. factors, (Reference Architecture Model 4.0) and Industry more details. Let models. us, please, to Industry repeat only the initial 4.0 Components Authors will shortly explain thethemodels in mentioned 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL 4.0 Authors will shortly explainonly the models in RAMI 4.0 has been developed. Industry 4.0 terms. moreComponents details. Let models. us, please, to repeat the initial INDUSTRY 4.0) 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL more details. Let us, please, to repeat shortly only the initial Industry 4.0 terms. 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL INDUSTRY 4.0) The Industry 4.0 is used for three, mutually interconnected Authors of the RAMI 4.0 model are BITCOM, VDMA Industry 4.0 terms. INDUSTRY 4.0) factors: The Industry 4.0 is used for three, mutually interconnected and ZWEI. decided develop 3D BITCOM, model because the AuthorsThey of the RAMIto4.0 modela are VDMA 1) Industry Digitization integration any simple technical – The 4.0 isand used for three,ofmutually interconnected factors: Authors ofrepresent the RAMI 4.0 modelmanually are BITCOM, VDMA model should alltodifferent interconnected and ZWEI. They decided develop a 3D model because the economical relation and to integration complex technical – economical factors: 1) Digitization of any simple technical – and ZWEI. They decidedall develop manually a 3D model because the features of the technical –toeconomical properties. The model model should represent different interconnected complex networks 1) Digitization of any simple technical – economical relation and to integration complex technical – economical model should represent all different manually interconnected SGAM, which was developed for purposes of communication features of the technical – economical properties. The model 2) Digitization andtechnical services offer economical relation oftoproducts complex – economical complex networks features of the technical – energy economical properties. The in networks of was renewable sources seamed to bemodel as an SGAM, which developed for purposes of communication 3) New market of models complex networks 2) Digitization products and services offer SGAM, which was developed for purposes of communication appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. in networks of renewable energy sources seamed to be as an All human activities areand interconnected 2) Digitization products services offer by a lot of 3) these New market of models in networks of renewable energy sources seamed to be as an The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. communication systems in the moment. The most promising 3) New market models All these human activities are interconnected by a lot of appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. Grid Architecture Model). Because into the SGAM as well as technologies will beactivities Internet of interconnected thingsThe (IoT), All these human by a lot of The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart communication systems in the are moment. mostInternet promising The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart into the RAMI 4.0 enter approximately 15 industrial branches, Services (IoS)will and Internet of moment. People (IoP).Thanks to these communication systems in the The mostInternet promising technologies be Internet of things (IoT), of Grid Architecture Model). Because into the SGAM as well as Architecture Model). Because into theindustrial SGAM well as the 4.0 4.0 model looks from differentas aspects. communication technologies, entities be into RAMI the RAMI enterenables approximately 15 branches, technologies be Internet of things (IoT), Internet of Grid Services (IoS)will and Internet ofcommunication People (IoP).Thanks towill these into the RAMI 4.0 enter approximately 15 industrial branches, That’s why layers in the vertical axis represent the look from able (in the Industry 4.0 environment) to communicate with the RAMI 4.0 model enables looks from different aspects. Services (IoS) and Internet of People (IoP).Thanks to these communication technologies, communication entities will be RAMI 4.0 model from different aspects. different aspects (ain look from thelooks market aspect, a look from each other utilize dataenvironment) from the production owner will during communication technologies, communication entities be the That’s why layers theenables vertical axis represent the look froma able (in theand Industry 4.0 to communicate with the all(in life cycle of systems without respect to border why layers thefrom vertical represent lookfrom perspective of functions, information, communication, a from looka able theand Industry 4.0 to communicate with That’s different aspects (ain look the axis market aspect, the a look each other utilize dataenvironment) from the production owner among during enterprises and utilize countries. entities of the whole production (a look from the aspect, a look from each dataAll from the production owner during different from an aspects integration ability of market the components) (Manzei, the allother life cycle of systems without respect to border among perspective of functions, information, communication, a looka –enterprises market be able to haverespect relevant as well. It perspective the all lifenetwork cycle ofwill systems to data border among of information, communication, aMesslook Schleupner, & functions, Heinze,ability 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft and countries. Allwithout entities of the whole production from an integration of the components) (Manzei, will be very helpful forbe allable entities while producers be able enterprises and countries. All entities of the whole production – market network will to have relevant datawill as well. It from an integration ability of the components) (Manzei, Schleupner, & Heinze, 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess–will market network to have datawill as well. It Schleupner, & Heinze, 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Messbe very helpfulwill forbe allable entities whilerelevant producers be able will be very helpful for all entities while producers will be able 8 Copyright © 2016 IFAC 2405-8963 © 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright 2016 responsibility IFAC 8 Control. Peer review©under of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 2016 IFAC 8 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.12.002
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und Automatisierungstechnik, 2016)(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015).
Layers
Va lu e S IE C 62 tre am 89 0 ie H C IE
Business
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e v C e L I E //
ls
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1
5
1
generation of events from assets and it contains elements, which are connected with IT (RFID readers, sensors, HMI, actuators, etc.). Integration of persons is a part of Integration layer functions as well – (via HMI).
2
Communication Layer This layer provides standardization of communication by means of uniform data format in the direction of the Information Layer. It provides also services for control of the integration Layer.
Functional Information Communication Integration
Devo lop m
ent
Maint en usage an ce/ Type
Prod uc
Information Layer Provides run time for preprocessing of events, execution of event-related rules. It enables formal description of the rules and event pre – processing. Next functions of the Information layer are: Ensuring data integrity, consistent integration of different data, obtaining new, higher quality data (data, information, knowledge) provision of structured data by means of service interfaces. It also receives events and transforms them to match the data which are available for the higher layer.
C on n e cte d Wo rl En terp d ri s e Wo rk Un it S C o ntr ta tio n o Fie ld D l D evi c e e vi ce Pro d u ct
Asset
tio n
M ai nt
en an ce /
us age Inst an ce
Fig. 1 RAMI 4.0 model (VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2016) Very important criterion in the modern engineering is the product life cycle with the value stream which it contains. The left – hand horizontal axis displays this feature. There are expressed e.g. constant data acquisition throughout the life cycle. Even the totally digitization of the whole development – market chain offers great potential for improvement of products, machines, and other layers of the Industry 4.0 architecture throw-out the all life cycle. This look corresponds well with the IEC 62890 draft standard.
Functional Layer Functional Layer enables formal description of functions and creates platform for horizontal integration of various functions. It contains run time and modeling environment for services for support of business processes and a run time environment for applications and technical functionality. Rules and decision – making logic are generated in the Functional Layer. Some use case can be executed in lower layers as well. But remote access and horizontal integration can take place within the Functional layer only because of the necessity of data integrity.
The next model axis (right in the horizontal level) describes function position of the components in the Industry 4.0. In this axis, there is specified the functionality of the components, no any specification for implementation but the function assignment only. The axis respects both IEC 6224 and the 61512 standards. But the IEC 6224 and the 61512 standards are intended for specification of components in a position in one enterprise or works unit only. Therefore the highest level in the axis horizontal right is the Connected world. 3.
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Business Layer The layer ensures the integrity of functions in the value stream, enables mapping business models and the resulting of the overall process. It contents legal and regulatory Framework conditions, enables modeling of the rules which the system has to follow. The layer creates also a link among different business processes.
RAMI 4.0 IN MORE DETAILS 3.2 Function of layers in the horizontal left axis:
The individual layers and their interrelationships are described as follows (Platform Industrie 4.0, 2014):
The left – hand side horizontal axis represents the life cycle & and value stream of industrial production. This axis is divided to Type and Instance. A type of any product, machine or SW/HW represents the initial idea. This covers the placing of design orders, development and testing up to the prototype of production. After all tests and validation, the type is prepared for serial production. On the other hand, the type of any component, machine or HW/SW etc. creates a basis for the serial production. Each manufactured product represents an instance of that type, for example has a unique serial number. The instances are sold and delivered to customers. For customers are the products initially once again only types. They become instances when they are installed in a particular system. The change from type to instance may be repeated many times. The fine structure of the life cycle and value stream look in the RAMI 4.0 over the axis left hand horizontal
3.1 Function of layers in vertical axis: Asset Layer Represents reality, e.g. physical components such as ideas, archives, documents, linear axes, metal parts, diagrams. Also human being is a part of the Asset Layer. They are connected with the virtual reality world by the Integration layer. Passive connection of the assets to the higher Integration Layer is done by for instance means of QR codes. Integration Layer This layer makes provision of information on the assets (HW/SW, components) in a form which is available for computer processing.(Mikolajek, Otevrel, Koziorek, & Slanina, 2015) It makes also computer control of the process, 9
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shows a division of the Type to Development and Maintenance/ usage, but due to the physical character of the problem – instances consist from Production and Maintenance/usage. The function of layers in the horizontal left axis can be explained in following simple example: The development of a new electrical drive represents creation of a new type of an engine. The drive (controlled engine) is developed, initial samples are set up and tested and a first prototype series is manufactured and validate. After successful testing, the new drive type is released for sale (product designation in sales catalogue of the producer). In this moment a first serial production can be started. Each drive in the serial production has its serial number (a unique identification) and is an instance of the previously developed electric drive. Feedback from customers to instances of the type may lead to corrections in the mechanical part of the drive and correction in the control SW. Such modification are modification in the type, i.e. they are applied as amendments to the type documentation and new instances of the modified type are produced. The left hand side of the RAMI 4.0 model represents the value stream as well. Digitization and linking of the value stream (in the Industry 4.0 idea and praxis) big potential for improvement of produced types. Logistic data can be used in assembly, purchasing sees inventories in real time and know were parts from suppliers are at any moment, customers sees the completion status of the product during production etc. The value stream in the totally digitized production enables linking of purchasing, order planning, assembly, logistic, maintenance, the customer and suppliers and so on. It provides great improvement potential .The life cycle can therefore be viewed together with the value- adding processes which it contains and not in isolation as it is in the present production (Platform Industrie 4.0. (2014)).
assignment of components of the Industry 4.0. The Fig. 2 shows the axis right horizontal of the RAMI 4.0 model (Elektrotechnik & VDE, 2016). This axis within an enterprise or factory follows the IEC 62264 and IEC 61512 standards. But it is clear from the Fig.2 that not only control devices are decisive , but also consideration within a machine or a system. The collared blocs correspond well levels of the axis right horizontal of the 3D RAMI 4.0 model. The other blocs represent different type of production (batch, continuous processes and repetitive or discrete production. The level over and below the IEC standards area represents steps further and describes also groups of factories, collaboration within external engineering firms, component suppliers and customers. It is the Connected World area of the new architecture „pyramid“. 4.
INDUSTRY 4.0 COMPONENT MODEL
The second very important model for purposes of the Industry 4.0 that has been developed by BITCOM, VDMA and ZWEI during the last one year is the Industry 4.0 components model. It is intended to help producers and system integrators to create HW and SW components for the Industry 4.0. It is the first and the only (in July 2016) specific model which goes out from the RAMI 4.0 model. It enables better description of cyber – physical features and enables description of communication among virtual and cyber – physical objects and processes. The HW and SW components of future production will be able to fulfil requested tasks by means of implemented features specified in the Industry 4.0 components model. The most important feature is the communication ability among the virtual objects and processes with real object and processes of production while this model specifies the conform communication. Physical realization of it is that any component of the Industry 4.0 system takes an electronic container (shell) of secured data during the all life cycle. The data are available to all entities of the technical – production chain.
Fig. 2 New control pyramid of RAMI 4.0 (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015) Fig. 3 Industry 4.0 components model (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015)
3.3 Hierarchical system architecture in the Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 brings changes also in the architecture of the classical control pyramid of production complexes as well technological processes. In the Fig 2 there is described the „new“ Industry 4.0 architecture of hierarchical level. The Fig. 2 is no implementation scheme, but it shows solely a functional
Therefore this model goes out from a standardized, secure and safety real time communication of all components of production. The electronic container (shell) of data and the all Industry 4.0 component model is specified in the Fig.3
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either in the object itself or in a (higher level) IT system.
(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015). 4.1 Specification of the Industry 4.0 component model
As mentioned above, the communication ability in the Industry 4.0 systems has a high importance level. Therefore if the properties of an I4.0 component are to be made available, at least one information system must maintain a connection with the object. This requires at least passive communication ability on the part of the object, which means that an object does not necessarily have to have the ability of I4.0 compliant communication as set out by GMA Technical Committee 7.21. Existing object can be extended to constitute I4.0 components. In this way for example a Profinet device can become an I4.0 component (VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Messund Automatisierungstechnik, 2015). Next key word of the Industry 4.0 ideas is the „virtual representation“. It takes place in the Information layer of the RAMI 4.0 model. The virtual representation contains data of the object (thing). These data can either be kept on the I4.0 component itself and made available to the outside world by I4.0 compliant communication, or they can be stored in an IT system which makes them available to the outside world by I4.0 compliant communication. One important part of the virtual representation is the „manifest“. Manifest can be regarded as a directory of the individual data contents of the virtual representation. It contains meta – information. Furth more it contains obligatory data on the I4.0 component. Further data in the virtual representation include data about individual life cycle phases e.g. CAD data, terminal diagrams or manuals. The I4.0 component is specified in the Fig. 4 (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015)
The initial condition of the Industry 4.0 platform is that different objects with different communication abilities have to be implemented as Industry 4.0 components. Fig.3 shows how an object of production becomes an I4.0 component. The object (thing) is a standard technological object (component of a machine, machine, SW, etc.) still without I4.0 component’s features. Only when the object (thing) is surrounded by an administration shell (data container), can be described as an I4.0 component. The administration shell covers both the virtual representation and the technical functionality of the object (thing). There are 4 examples of implementation of I4.0 functionality of the object (thing) to become the I4.0 component in the Fig. 3: 1.
2.
3.
4.
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An entire machine can become an I4.0 component above all as a result of its control system (e.g.PLC). This is done for example by the producer and PLC integrator. A strategically important assembly from a supplier can be regarded as an I4.0 component, so that it can be registered separately but asset management and maintenance system. It can be done by the component manufacturer. A terminal block can be considered as an I4.0 component as well. For it can be important to retain the wiring with individual signals and keep it up to date throughout the life cycle. This embodiment can be implemented by the electrical engineer. Also the SW supplied can represent an important asset in a production machine. Such SW could be a standard for larges set of machines (development SW). It is also possible, that supplier may wish to sell a library of extended functions for his products separately.
In the development works of the Industry 4.0 components model there were defined following requirements (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015): A. A network of I4.0 components must be structured in such a way that connections between any end points (I4.0 components) are possible. The I4.0 components and their contents are to follow a common semantic model. B. It must be possible to define the concept of an I4.0 component in such a way that it can meet requirements with different focal areas, i.e. office floor and „shop floor“. C. The I4.0 compliant communication must be performing in such a way that the data of a virtual representation of an I4.0 component can be kept
Fig. 4 I4.0 component (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015) Virtual representation of an object has to be data – structured. That’s why the administration shell of any I4.0 component has to contain specific information expressed in a proper Industry 4.0 vocabulary and in an Industry 4.0 format. For different purposes the I4.0 component can have more than one administration shall. 11
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Important is, that an I4.0 component can also, apart of data possess a technical functionality. It can be, for example, SW for local planning in connection with the object (thing), SW for project planning, configuration, operator control and services. It can also contain value added to the object and further technical functionalities. The technical functionality takes place in the Functional layer in the RAMI4.0 model. Deployment of I4.0 components in the future, digital factory, is shown in the Fig. 5. Components are mapped by means of their administration shells and their mutual connections into the repository. The physical factory is then represented in the digital form in the repository (digital factory) during administration shells and their connections (respiratory) by means of dynamic actualization during the life cycle of the factory (Manzei, C., Schleupner, L., & Heinze, R. (2016). Industrie 4.0 im internationalen Kontext.).
REFERENCES Elektrotechnik, D. D. K., & VDE, E. I. im D. und. (2016). Deutsche Normungs-Roadmap Industrie 4.0. Retrieved from http://www.dke.de/de/std/seiten/normungsroadmaps.as px Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0. (2015). Platform Industrie 4.0: Umsetzunsstrategie Industrie 4.0. Berlin. Manzei, C., Schleupner, L., & Heinze, R. (2016). Industrie 4.0 im internationalen Kontext. Mikolajek, M., Otevrel, V., Koziorek, J., & Slanina, Z. (2015). Data Trends in Industry Automation Using .NET Framework. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(4), 418–423. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.071 Platform Industrie 4.0. (2014). Umsetyungsstrategie Industrie4.0. Retrieved from https://www.plattformi40.de/umsetzungsstrategie-industyrie-40-0 VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik. (2015). Status Report:Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) (Vol. 0). Retrieved from http://www.zvei.org/Downloads/Automation/5305 Publikation GMA Status Report ZVEI Reference Architecture Model.pdf VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik. (2016). Statusreport: Industrie 4.0 – Technical Assets Basic terminology concepts, life cycles and administration models. Retrieved from https://www.vdi.de/fileadmin/vdi_de/redakteur_dateien /gma_dateien/6092_PUB_E_TW_GMA_Status_Report _ZVEI_-_Industrie_4_0__Technical_Assets_Internet.pdf
Fig. 5 Repository of the digital factory (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015) The I4.0 components are to be capable of entering into and initiating all possible cross – connections within the I4.0 factory. 5.
CONCLUSIONS
Contribution deals with technical background of the Industry 4.0 platform. It goes out from information of German institutions ZVEI and VDI/VDE and from presentations and panel discussions in SPS/IPC/Drives 2015 in Nuremberg and local conferences and workshops concerned to the topic Industry 4.0. Authors give the main attention to explanation of two basic important models of the Industry 4.0 platform, hence the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and particularly to the Industry 4.0 component model. The second one offers technical solution of Industry 4.0 components and can enable creation of Industry 4.0 case studies and first I4.0 applications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research work has been carried out in the Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE). Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under NPU I program (project No. LO1210)
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49-25 (2016) 008–012in the phenomenon IndustryIFAC-PapersOnLine 4.0 – An Introduction Industry 4.0 – An Introduction in the phenomenon Industry 4.0***, – An Introduction in the phenomenon F. Zezulka* P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl***
F. Zezulka* ***, P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl*** F. Zezulka* ***, P. Marcon** ***, I. Vesely * ***, O. Sajdl***
* Department of Control and Instrumentation, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republicand (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi * Department of Control Instrumentation, [email protected]). University of Technology, * Department of Control and Instrumentation, [email protected]). University of Technology, ** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/veselyi @feec.vutbr.cz). Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). ** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, ***** Dept. of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, BrnoUniversity UniversityofofTechnology, Technology, Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). Czech Republic (e-mail:[email protected]). Czech Republic zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) *** Centre for Research and(e-mail: Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno University of Technology, *** Centre for Research and(e-mail: Utilization of Renewable Energy, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) Czech Republic (e-mail: zezulka/ macron/veselyi/[email protected]) Abstract: The goal of the paper is to introduce specialists from industry into the important phenomenon of the recentThe technology andpaper to explain cyber – physical and from informatics background of the platform Industry Abstract: goal of the is to introduce specialists industry into the important phenomenon of Abstract: The goal in ofany the paper isand to implementation introduce specialists industry into the important phenomenon of 4.0 and basic steps ofand thefrom Industry 4.0background systems. Authors introduce readers the recent technology anddesign to explain cyber – physical informatics of the platform Industry the recent and to explain cyber – physical of the platform Industry in both thetechnology RAMI 4.0any asdesign well asand theimplementation Industry 4.0 Components models which represent necessary initial 4.0 and basic steps in ofand theinformatics Industry 4.0background systems. Authors introduce readers 4.0 and basic steps in any design and implementation of the Industry 4.0 systems. Authors introduce background of any Industry 4.0 application. The main stress is given to the Industry 4.0 components model, in both the RAMI 4.0 as well as the Industry 4.0 Components models which represent necessaryreaders initial in bothenables the RAMI 4.0 asfrom well as theto Industry Components models represent necessary initial which understand already existing Industry 4.0 case studies and to develop background of designers any Industry 4.0firms application. The4.0 main stress is given to thewhich Industry 4.0 components model, background of designers any 4.0 Industry 4.0firms application. The main stress is givenIndustry to the Industry components model, their first Industry case studies applications. which enables from to understand already existing 4.0 case4.0 studies and to develop which enables designers from firmsapplications. to understand already existing Industry 4.0 case studies and to develop their first Industry 4.0 case studies © 2016, (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. their firstIFAC Industry 4.0 case studies Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0applications. component, administrative shell, by communication, virtual Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0 component, administrative shell, communication, virtual Keywords: RAMI 4.0, Industry 4.0 component, administrative shell, communication, virtual to work out systems with features of very modern components 1. INTRODUCTION which even inwith the design phase.components to workwill outbe systems featuresand of testing very modern INTRODUCTION It has been said and1.written much and much about the Industry to work Such a digitization of industrial can components create quite out systems featuresand ofproduction very modern 1. INTRODUCTION which will be even inwith the design testing phase. 4.0 different workshops. An and opinion authors of this new It hasinbeen said and written much muchof about the Industry digital market On the basis of the data (accessible which will be even models. in the design and testing phase. Such a digitization of industrial production can create quite It said and much muchof about thefirst Industry contribution is that itwritten was probably necessary in the 4.0hasinbeen different workshops. An and opinion authors ofyears this new in cloud) users will be able to predict a shutdown of production Such a digitization of industrial production can create quite digital market models. On the basis of the data (accessible 4.0 in new different workshops. An opinion of in authors this new of the technological revolution, but they are contribution is that it was probably necessary theconvinced, firstofyears of cloud) some ofusers production entities etc. digital market Onpredict the basis of the data in will models. be able to a shutdown of (accessible production contribution is that it was probably theconvinced, first years in that already the right timenecessary to praxis in better of thenow newistechnological revolution, buthelp theyin are For purposes complex production – market willof be such able toa predict a shutdown of production of cloud) some ofusers production entities etc. of newistechnological revolution, buthelp they are convinced, understanding of the the system - time technical background the networks leading institution and firms in Germany – the thatthenow already right to praxis in of better of some ofthe production entities For purposes of such a etc. complex production – market that now 4.0 is already right to help praxis better Industry platform and make engineering steps intowards country of the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas understanding of the the system - time technical background of the leading For purposes of such a complex production – market networks the leading institution and firms in Germany – theunderstanding of the system - key technical of and the networks developed theand RAMI (Reference Industry 4.0 applications. issue background of any design theand leading institution firms in4.0 Germany – theplatform and The make engineering steps towards leading country ofpublished the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry platform andrecent make engineering steps towards system development in the engineering in Industry country ofpublished the Industry 4.0 activities and ideas4.0developed and the RAMI 4.0 Industry (Reference 4.0 applications. The key issue of work any design and leading models inIndustry the lastthe year. Because the above developed published RAMI 4.0of (Reference Industry 4.0a applications. The key issue of work any and 4.0 willdevelopment be properinimplementation of both, the design RAMI 4.0 Component Architecture and Model 4.0) and the Industry 4.0 system the recent engineering in Industry mentioned three interconnected factors, the 3D graphical Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry 4.0 system development in the recent engineering work in (Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry above 4.0 will be a proper implementation of both, the RAMI 4.0 Component models in the last year. Because of the model RAMI 4.0 has been developed. Component models in the last year. Because of the above mentioned three interconnected factors, the 3D graphical model 4.0 will be a proper implementation of both, the RAMI 4.0 Components models. Authors will explain the models in (Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0) and the Industry threebeen interconnected the 3D graphical model RAMI 4.0 has developed. factors, (Reference Architecture Model 4.0) and Industry more details. Let models. us, please, to Industry repeat only the initial 4.0 Components Authors will shortly explain thethemodels in mentioned 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL 4.0 Authors will shortly explainonly the models in RAMI 4.0 has been developed. Industry 4.0 terms. moreComponents details. Let models. us, please, to repeat the initial INDUSTRY 4.0) 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL more details. Let us, please, to repeat shortly only the initial Industry 4.0 terms. 2. RAMI 4.0 (REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE MODEL INDUSTRY 4.0) The Industry 4.0 is used for three, mutually interconnected Authors of the RAMI 4.0 model are BITCOM, VDMA Industry 4.0 terms. INDUSTRY 4.0) factors: The Industry 4.0 is used for three, mutually interconnected and ZWEI. decided develop 3D BITCOM, model because the AuthorsThey of the RAMIto4.0 modela are VDMA 1) Industry Digitization integration any simple technical – The 4.0 isand used for three,ofmutually interconnected factors: Authors ofrepresent the RAMI 4.0 modelmanually are BITCOM, VDMA model should alltodifferent interconnected and ZWEI. They decided develop a 3D model because the economical relation and to integration complex technical – economical factors: 1) Digitization of any simple technical – and ZWEI. They decidedall develop manually a 3D model because the features of the technical –toeconomical properties. The model model should represent different interconnected complex networks 1) Digitization of any simple technical – economical relation and to integration complex technical – economical model should represent all different manually interconnected SGAM, which was developed for purposes of communication features of the technical – economical properties. The model 2) Digitization andtechnical services offer economical relation oftoproducts complex – economical complex networks features of the technical – energy economical properties. The in networks of was renewable sources seamed to bemodel as an SGAM, which developed for purposes of communication 3) New market of models complex networks 2) Digitization products and services offer SGAM, which was developed for purposes of communication appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. in networks of renewable energy sources seamed to be as an All human activities areand interconnected 2) Digitization products services offer by a lot of 3) these New market of models in networks of renewable energy sources seamed to be as an The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. communication systems in the moment. The most promising 3) New market models All these human activities are interconnected by a lot of appropriate model for the Industry 4.0 applications as well. Grid Architecture Model). Because into the SGAM as well as technologies will beactivities Internet of interconnected thingsThe (IoT), All these human by a lot of The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart communication systems in the are moment. mostInternet promising The RAMI 4.0 is a small modification of the SGAM (Smart into the RAMI 4.0 enter approximately 15 industrial branches, Services (IoS)will and Internet of moment. People (IoP).Thanks to these communication systems in the The mostInternet promising technologies be Internet of things (IoT), of Grid Architecture Model). Because into the SGAM as well as Architecture Model). Because into theindustrial SGAM well as the 4.0 4.0 model looks from differentas aspects. communication technologies, entities be into RAMI the RAMI enterenables approximately 15 branches, technologies be Internet of things (IoT), Internet of Grid Services (IoS)will and Internet ofcommunication People (IoP).Thanks towill these into the RAMI 4.0 enter approximately 15 industrial branches, That’s why layers in the vertical axis represent the look from able (in the Industry 4.0 environment) to communicate with the RAMI 4.0 model enables looks from different aspects. Services (IoS) and Internet of People (IoP).Thanks to these communication technologies, communication entities will be RAMI 4.0 model from different aspects. different aspects (ain look from thelooks market aspect, a look from each other utilize dataenvironment) from the production owner will during communication technologies, communication entities be the That’s why layers theenables vertical axis represent the look froma able (in theand Industry 4.0 to communicate with the all(in life cycle of systems without respect to border why layers thefrom vertical represent lookfrom perspective of functions, information, communication, a from looka able theand Industry 4.0 to communicate with That’s different aspects (ain look the axis market aspect, the a look each other utilize dataenvironment) from the production owner among during enterprises and utilize countries. entities of the whole production (a look from the aspect, a look from each dataAll from the production owner during different from an aspects integration ability of market the components) (Manzei, the allother life cycle of systems without respect to border among perspective of functions, information, communication, a looka –enterprises market be able to haverespect relevant as well. It perspective the all lifenetwork cycle ofwill systems to data border among of information, communication, aMesslook Schleupner, & functions, Heinze,ability 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft and countries. Allwithout entities of the whole production from an integration of the components) (Manzei, will be very helpful forbe allable entities while producers be able enterprises and countries. All entities of the whole production – market network will to have relevant datawill as well. It from an integration ability of the components) (Manzei, Schleupner, & Heinze, 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess–will market network to have datawill as well. It Schleupner, & Heinze, 2016),(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Messbe very helpfulwill forbe allable entities whilerelevant producers be able will be very helpful for all entities while producers will be able 8 Copyright © 2016 IFAC 2405-8963 © 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright 2016 responsibility IFAC 8 Control. Peer review©under of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 2016 IFAC 8 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.12.002
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und Automatisierungstechnik, 2016)(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015).
Layers
Va lu e S IE C 62 tre am 89 0 ie H C IE
Business
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e v C e L I E //
ls
6
1
5
1
generation of events from assets and it contains elements, which are connected with IT (RFID readers, sensors, HMI, actuators, etc.). Integration of persons is a part of Integration layer functions as well – (via HMI).
2
Communication Layer This layer provides standardization of communication by means of uniform data format in the direction of the Information Layer. It provides also services for control of the integration Layer.
Functional Information Communication Integration
Devo lop m
ent
Maint en usage an ce/ Type
Prod uc
Information Layer Provides run time for preprocessing of events, execution of event-related rules. It enables formal description of the rules and event pre – processing. Next functions of the Information layer are: Ensuring data integrity, consistent integration of different data, obtaining new, higher quality data (data, information, knowledge) provision of structured data by means of service interfaces. It also receives events and transforms them to match the data which are available for the higher layer.
C on n e cte d Wo rl En terp d ri s e Wo rk Un it S C o ntr ta tio n o Fie ld D l D evi c e e vi ce Pro d u ct
Asset
tio n
M ai nt
en an ce /
us age Inst an ce
Fig. 1 RAMI 4.0 model (VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2016) Very important criterion in the modern engineering is the product life cycle with the value stream which it contains. The left – hand horizontal axis displays this feature. There are expressed e.g. constant data acquisition throughout the life cycle. Even the totally digitization of the whole development – market chain offers great potential for improvement of products, machines, and other layers of the Industry 4.0 architecture throw-out the all life cycle. This look corresponds well with the IEC 62890 draft standard.
Functional Layer Functional Layer enables formal description of functions and creates platform for horizontal integration of various functions. It contains run time and modeling environment for services for support of business processes and a run time environment for applications and technical functionality. Rules and decision – making logic are generated in the Functional Layer. Some use case can be executed in lower layers as well. But remote access and horizontal integration can take place within the Functional layer only because of the necessity of data integrity.
The next model axis (right in the horizontal level) describes function position of the components in the Industry 4.0. In this axis, there is specified the functionality of the components, no any specification for implementation but the function assignment only. The axis respects both IEC 6224 and the 61512 standards. But the IEC 6224 and the 61512 standards are intended for specification of components in a position in one enterprise or works unit only. Therefore the highest level in the axis horizontal right is the Connected world. 3.
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Business Layer The layer ensures the integrity of functions in the value stream, enables mapping business models and the resulting of the overall process. It contents legal and regulatory Framework conditions, enables modeling of the rules which the system has to follow. The layer creates also a link among different business processes.
RAMI 4.0 IN MORE DETAILS 3.2 Function of layers in the horizontal left axis:
The individual layers and their interrelationships are described as follows (Platform Industrie 4.0, 2014):
The left – hand side horizontal axis represents the life cycle & and value stream of industrial production. This axis is divided to Type and Instance. A type of any product, machine or SW/HW represents the initial idea. This covers the placing of design orders, development and testing up to the prototype of production. After all tests and validation, the type is prepared for serial production. On the other hand, the type of any component, machine or HW/SW etc. creates a basis for the serial production. Each manufactured product represents an instance of that type, for example has a unique serial number. The instances are sold and delivered to customers. For customers are the products initially once again only types. They become instances when they are installed in a particular system. The change from type to instance may be repeated many times. The fine structure of the life cycle and value stream look in the RAMI 4.0 over the axis left hand horizontal
3.1 Function of layers in vertical axis: Asset Layer Represents reality, e.g. physical components such as ideas, archives, documents, linear axes, metal parts, diagrams. Also human being is a part of the Asset Layer. They are connected with the virtual reality world by the Integration layer. Passive connection of the assets to the higher Integration Layer is done by for instance means of QR codes. Integration Layer This layer makes provision of information on the assets (HW/SW, components) in a form which is available for computer processing.(Mikolajek, Otevrel, Koziorek, & Slanina, 2015) It makes also computer control of the process, 9
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shows a division of the Type to Development and Maintenance/ usage, but due to the physical character of the problem – instances consist from Production and Maintenance/usage. The function of layers in the horizontal left axis can be explained in following simple example: The development of a new electrical drive represents creation of a new type of an engine. The drive (controlled engine) is developed, initial samples are set up and tested and a first prototype series is manufactured and validate. After successful testing, the new drive type is released for sale (product designation in sales catalogue of the producer). In this moment a first serial production can be started. Each drive in the serial production has its serial number (a unique identification) and is an instance of the previously developed electric drive. Feedback from customers to instances of the type may lead to corrections in the mechanical part of the drive and correction in the control SW. Such modification are modification in the type, i.e. they are applied as amendments to the type documentation and new instances of the modified type are produced. The left hand side of the RAMI 4.0 model represents the value stream as well. Digitization and linking of the value stream (in the Industry 4.0 idea and praxis) big potential for improvement of produced types. Logistic data can be used in assembly, purchasing sees inventories in real time and know were parts from suppliers are at any moment, customers sees the completion status of the product during production etc. The value stream in the totally digitized production enables linking of purchasing, order planning, assembly, logistic, maintenance, the customer and suppliers and so on. It provides great improvement potential .The life cycle can therefore be viewed together with the value- adding processes which it contains and not in isolation as it is in the present production (Platform Industrie 4.0. (2014)).
assignment of components of the Industry 4.0. The Fig. 2 shows the axis right horizontal of the RAMI 4.0 model (Elektrotechnik & VDE, 2016). This axis within an enterprise or factory follows the IEC 62264 and IEC 61512 standards. But it is clear from the Fig.2 that not only control devices are decisive , but also consideration within a machine or a system. The collared blocs correspond well levels of the axis right horizontal of the 3D RAMI 4.0 model. The other blocs represent different type of production (batch, continuous processes and repetitive or discrete production. The level over and below the IEC standards area represents steps further and describes also groups of factories, collaboration within external engineering firms, component suppliers and customers. It is the Connected World area of the new architecture „pyramid“. 4.
INDUSTRY 4.0 COMPONENT MODEL
The second very important model for purposes of the Industry 4.0 that has been developed by BITCOM, VDMA and ZWEI during the last one year is the Industry 4.0 components model. It is intended to help producers and system integrators to create HW and SW components for the Industry 4.0. It is the first and the only (in July 2016) specific model which goes out from the RAMI 4.0 model. It enables better description of cyber – physical features and enables description of communication among virtual and cyber – physical objects and processes. The HW and SW components of future production will be able to fulfil requested tasks by means of implemented features specified in the Industry 4.0 components model. The most important feature is the communication ability among the virtual objects and processes with real object and processes of production while this model specifies the conform communication. Physical realization of it is that any component of the Industry 4.0 system takes an electronic container (shell) of secured data during the all life cycle. The data are available to all entities of the technical – production chain.
Fig. 2 New control pyramid of RAMI 4.0 (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015) Fig. 3 Industry 4.0 components model (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015)
3.3 Hierarchical system architecture in the Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 brings changes also in the architecture of the classical control pyramid of production complexes as well technological processes. In the Fig 2 there is described the „new“ Industry 4.0 architecture of hierarchical level. The Fig. 2 is no implementation scheme, but it shows solely a functional
Therefore this model goes out from a standardized, secure and safety real time communication of all components of production. The electronic container (shell) of data and the all Industry 4.0 component model is specified in the Fig.3
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either in the object itself or in a (higher level) IT system.
(VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015). 4.1 Specification of the Industry 4.0 component model
As mentioned above, the communication ability in the Industry 4.0 systems has a high importance level. Therefore if the properties of an I4.0 component are to be made available, at least one information system must maintain a connection with the object. This requires at least passive communication ability on the part of the object, which means that an object does not necessarily have to have the ability of I4.0 compliant communication as set out by GMA Technical Committee 7.21. Existing object can be extended to constitute I4.0 components. In this way for example a Profinet device can become an I4.0 component (VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Messund Automatisierungstechnik, 2015). Next key word of the Industry 4.0 ideas is the „virtual representation“. It takes place in the Information layer of the RAMI 4.0 model. The virtual representation contains data of the object (thing). These data can either be kept on the I4.0 component itself and made available to the outside world by I4.0 compliant communication, or they can be stored in an IT system which makes them available to the outside world by I4.0 compliant communication. One important part of the virtual representation is the „manifest“. Manifest can be regarded as a directory of the individual data contents of the virtual representation. It contains meta – information. Furth more it contains obligatory data on the I4.0 component. Further data in the virtual representation include data about individual life cycle phases e.g. CAD data, terminal diagrams or manuals. The I4.0 component is specified in the Fig. 4 (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015)
The initial condition of the Industry 4.0 platform is that different objects with different communication abilities have to be implemented as Industry 4.0 components. Fig.3 shows how an object of production becomes an I4.0 component. The object (thing) is a standard technological object (component of a machine, machine, SW, etc.) still without I4.0 component’s features. Only when the object (thing) is surrounded by an administration shell (data container), can be described as an I4.0 component. The administration shell covers both the virtual representation and the technical functionality of the object (thing). There are 4 examples of implementation of I4.0 functionality of the object (thing) to become the I4.0 component in the Fig. 3: 1.
2.
3.
4.
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An entire machine can become an I4.0 component above all as a result of its control system (e.g.PLC). This is done for example by the producer and PLC integrator. A strategically important assembly from a supplier can be regarded as an I4.0 component, so that it can be registered separately but asset management and maintenance system. It can be done by the component manufacturer. A terminal block can be considered as an I4.0 component as well. For it can be important to retain the wiring with individual signals and keep it up to date throughout the life cycle. This embodiment can be implemented by the electrical engineer. Also the SW supplied can represent an important asset in a production machine. Such SW could be a standard for larges set of machines (development SW). It is also possible, that supplier may wish to sell a library of extended functions for his products separately.
In the development works of the Industry 4.0 components model there were defined following requirements (VDI/VDEGesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 2015): A. A network of I4.0 components must be structured in such a way that connections between any end points (I4.0 components) are possible. The I4.0 components and their contents are to follow a common semantic model. B. It must be possible to define the concept of an I4.0 component in such a way that it can meet requirements with different focal areas, i.e. office floor and „shop floor“. C. The I4.0 compliant communication must be performing in such a way that the data of a virtual representation of an I4.0 component can be kept
Fig. 4 I4.0 component (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015) Virtual representation of an object has to be data – structured. That’s why the administration shell of any I4.0 component has to contain specific information expressed in a proper Industry 4.0 vocabulary and in an Industry 4.0 format. For different purposes the I4.0 component can have more than one administration shall. 11
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Important is, that an I4.0 component can also, apart of data possess a technical functionality. It can be, for example, SW for local planning in connection with the object (thing), SW for project planning, configuration, operator control and services. It can also contain value added to the object and further technical functionalities. The technical functionality takes place in the Functional layer in the RAMI4.0 model. Deployment of I4.0 components in the future, digital factory, is shown in the Fig. 5. Components are mapped by means of their administration shells and their mutual connections into the repository. The physical factory is then represented in the digital form in the repository (digital factory) during administration shells and their connections (respiratory) by means of dynamic actualization during the life cycle of the factory (Manzei, C., Schleupner, L., & Heinze, R. (2016). Industrie 4.0 im internationalen Kontext.).
REFERENCES Elektrotechnik, D. D. K., & VDE, E. I. im D. und. (2016). Deutsche Normungs-Roadmap Industrie 4.0. Retrieved from http://www.dke.de/de/std/seiten/normungsroadmaps.as px Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0. (2015). Platform Industrie 4.0: Umsetzunsstrategie Industrie 4.0. Berlin. Manzei, C., Schleupner, L., & Heinze, R. (2016). Industrie 4.0 im internationalen Kontext. Mikolajek, M., Otevrel, V., Koziorek, J., & Slanina, Z. (2015). Data Trends in Industry Automation Using .NET Framework. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(4), 418–423. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.071 Platform Industrie 4.0. (2014). Umsetyungsstrategie Industrie4.0. Retrieved from https://www.plattformi40.de/umsetzungsstrategie-industyrie-40-0 VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik. (2015). Status Report:Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) (Vol. 0). Retrieved from http://www.zvei.org/Downloads/Automation/5305 Publikation GMA Status Report ZVEI Reference Architecture Model.pdf VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik. (2016). Statusreport: Industrie 4.0 – Technical Assets Basic terminology concepts, life cycles and administration models. Retrieved from https://www.vdi.de/fileadmin/vdi_de/redakteur_dateien /gma_dateien/6092_PUB_E_TW_GMA_Status_Report _ZVEI_-_Industrie_4_0__Technical_Assets_Internet.pdf
Fig. 5 Repository of the digital factory (Ergebnisbericht der Platform Industrie 4.0, 2015) The I4.0 components are to be capable of entering into and initiating all possible cross – connections within the I4.0 factory. 5.
CONCLUSIONS
Contribution deals with technical background of the Industry 4.0 platform. It goes out from information of German institutions ZVEI and VDI/VDE and from presentations and panel discussions in SPS/IPC/Drives 2015 in Nuremberg and local conferences and workshops concerned to the topic Industry 4.0. Authors give the main attention to explanation of two basic important models of the Industry 4.0 platform, hence the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and particularly to the Industry 4.0 component model. The second one offers technical solution of Industry 4.0 components and can enable creation of Industry 4.0 case studies and first I4.0 applications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research work has been carried out in the Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE). Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under NPU I program (project No. LO1210)
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