- Email: [email protected]
Infant Feeding Practices and Beliefs Among Women in Podor, Senegal
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH TITLE: SUPERMARKET SURVEY SHOWS CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND IDENTIFIES EDUCATION AND PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
TITLE: AN EXAMINATION OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE, SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS, AND BODY COMPOSITION AMONG 6TH GRADE CHILDREN
AUTHOR(S): D.B. Reed, PhD, RD, LD, V.L. Huffman, PhD, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX; RJ Lucky, BS, Produce for Better Health Foundation, Sacramento, CA
AUTHOR(S): A. Campbell, Bsc; K. Younger, MSc, PhD, R Nutr; C.J. Boushey, PhD, MPH, RD; Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the education needs related to increasing the fruit and vegetable intake of supermarket consumers.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the association of sedentary and dietary behaviors to body composition measures in early adolescents.
TEXT: The majority of U.S. adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for fruits and vegetables (F&V). Sixty-one percent of consumers look to supermarkets for help in eating F&V and feel that supermarkets could be doing more. To more effectively plan education interventions in supermarkets, a survey was conducted to: assess the knowledge level of local consumers regarding recommended fruit and vegetable intake; explore the acceptability of frozen or canned F&V in meeting recommended number of servings; and determine strategies that supermarkets can use to increase the purchase of F&V. Trained graduate students interviewed 290 customers at a local supermarket. For fruits, females reported higher servings needed (n⫽168, mean 3.84 ⫾ 1.62 SD) compared to men (n⫽104, mean 3.04 ⫾ 1.27 SD) (t-test, p⬍ .001). Similarly for vegetables, females reported higher servings needed (n⫽167, mean 4.03 ⫾1.63 SD) compared to men (n⫽ 101, mean 3.31 ⫾1.29 SD (ttest, p⬍ .001). While a majority of the respondents (84%) were aware that U.S. adults are not meeting recommended servings of F&V, only one-third of respondents said they would consider other forms of F&V besides fresh. Ways that the supermarket could encourage respondents’ F&V intake were lower prices and coupons. Due to the numbers of customers, point-of-purchase opportunities, and consumer trust, supermarkets are an important way to reach consumers with messages for increasing F&V intake. Surveys, such as the one used in this study, may help to provide insights into the F&V education needs of local consumers.
TEXT: Sedentary behaviors, such as television viewing, and consumption of snacks are common among adolescents. This study examined selfreported information on customary dietary intake and leisure activities (television/video/DVD watching, computer use, reading/studying) to investigate the relationship between body composition and these factors in early adolescents. Cross-sectional analyses of sedentary and dietary behaviors reported by 6th grade students recruited from 3 middle schools for the Eat, Move, Learn project comprised the study sample (n⫽267: males⫽133, females⫽134). Students completed a Food and Activity Questionnaire and had anthropometric measures (weight, height and bioelectrical impedance) taken during a school class period. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations between independent and dependant variables, controlling for age, race/ethnicity and school. All differences were considered statistically significant at P⬍0.05. Intake of snack foods was significantly greater in boys who watched the most television/video/DVD compared with the lowest users of this media. Among girls, significantly more fried foods were consumed by high television/video/DVD viewers compared to low users. Girls that spent the most time playing with computers/video games consumed more soft drinks than either medium or low users. Sedentary activities and dietary intakes were not associated with BMI, percent body fat or fat free mass in this sample. Sedentary behaviors were associated with increased consumption of fried foods, snack foods, and soft drinks. However, in this cross-sectional analysis, these dietary behaviors did not translate to a positive association with body size. The long-term health consequences of sedentary behaviors combined with poor food choices needs further examination.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Supported by the National Research Initiative (NRI) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, award number 04-35215-14268.
TITLE: INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES AND BELIEFS AMONG WOMEN IN PODOR, SENEGAL
TITLE: FOOD PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS
AUTHOR(S): H. Schwartz, C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD, C. Fields-Gardner, MS, RD, K. Sucher, ScD, RD, M. Diop, MS; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, San Jose State University; Cutting Edge Consulting, Cary, IL; Counterpart International, Senegal
AUTHOR(S): C.E. O’Neil, PhD, RD, S.-J. Yang, MS, T.A. Nicklas, DrPH, G.S. Berenson, MD; Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA; Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
LEARNING OUTCOME: Participants will gain an understanding of the feeding practices and beliefs in rural West African villages in the Podor region of Senegal.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To explore the relationships between food patterns, demographic variables, and components of metabolic syndrome.
TEXT: The study objectives were to determine and describe infant feeding practices and beliefs in the Podor region of Senegal, West Africa. Data gathered via structured interviews included: demographics, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and weaning practices and beliefs. Participants (n⫽45) were randomly selected onsite; three participants were interviewed from each of the 15 villages. Inclusion criteria required all participants to have at least one child ⬍ 24 months of age. The mean age at the time of the interview was 28⫾7 years. The mean parity was 4.4⫾2.2. All participants were married and reported to be of the Tijaniya brotherhood of Islam. Initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of the infant’s life occurred with 50% of the participants. Colostrum was given to 87% of the infants. There was no reported use of infant formula. Mean breastfeeding duration was 21⫾4.3 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 84% of participants, with mean duration of 4.7⫾2.5 months. Forty percent of participants introduced foods/beverages before 3 months. Most participants believed that breast milk is the healthiest nourishment and introduced other foods/beverages for traditional belief that it complemented breastfeeding. The majority of participants reported giving their infant goat/cow milk and rice/millet during the first year. The results indicate that some of the infant feeding behaviors approaches the infant feeding guidelines established by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. However, there are many, such as the early introduction of complementary foods, that could be improved upon.
TEXT: Young adults are a nutritionally vulnerable, poorly studied group; little is known about their risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Dietary intake data were collected in 1995-1996 on 1,012 young adults (20-38 years) (61% female; 21% black) using the youth/adolescent questionnaire, a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles were quantified; a risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated. Food items were placed into 36 predefined food groups; factor analysis retained two factors based on their Eigen-values, the Scree test, and interpretability of derived factors: “low fat/ sugar pattern” and “high fat/sugar pattern.” Each group explained 31% of the variance. Linear regression was used to examine the association between these patterns and health outcomes; ANOVA was used to test mean intake differences in the patterns by socioeconomic status. Blacks (p ⬍ 0.0001) and males (p ⬍ 0.0001) consumed more servings of high fat/sugar foods than whites and females. Young adults (p ⬍ 0.05) and those with higher incomes/ education (p ⬍ 0.01) consumed more servings of high fat/sugar foods. The mean number of servings of low fat/low sugar foods was higher in young adults who were very physically active outside of work (p ⬍ 0.05). Waist circumference, triceps skin folds, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides were negatively associated (p ⬍ 0.01) with the low fat/low sugar eating pattern, which in turn was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome (p ⬍ 0.01). These data suggest that food patterns of young adults are clearly linked with socioeconomic factors and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Louisiana AgCenter LAB93676 HATCH; other support is from USDA, ERS Cooperative Agreement No. 43-3AEL-280122, NHLBI grant HL-38844, and National Institute of Aging grant AG16592.
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-71
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH TITLE: SUPERMARKET SURVEY SHOWS CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND IDENTIFIES EDUCATION AND PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
TITLE: AN EXAMINATION OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE, SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS, AND BODY COMPOSITION AMONG 6TH GRADE CHILDREN
AUTHOR(S): D.B. Reed, PhD, RD, LD, V.L. Huffman, PhD, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX; RJ Lucky, BS, Produce for Better Health Foundation, Sacramento, CA
AUTHOR(S): A. Campbell, Bsc; K. Younger, MSc, PhD, R Nutr; C.J. Boushey, PhD, MPH, RD; Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the education needs related to increasing the fruit and vegetable intake of supermarket consumers.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the association of sedentary and dietary behaviors to body composition measures in early adolescents.
TEXT: The majority of U.S. adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for fruits and vegetables (F&V). Sixty-one percent of consumers look to supermarkets for help in eating F&V and feel that supermarkets could be doing more. To more effectively plan education interventions in supermarkets, a survey was conducted to: assess the knowledge level of local consumers regarding recommended fruit and vegetable intake; explore the acceptability of frozen or canned F&V in meeting recommended number of servings; and determine strategies that supermarkets can use to increase the purchase of F&V. Trained graduate students interviewed 290 customers at a local supermarket. For fruits, females reported higher servings needed (n⫽168, mean 3.84 ⫾ 1.62 SD) compared to men (n⫽104, mean 3.04 ⫾ 1.27 SD) (t-test, p⬍ .001). Similarly for vegetables, females reported higher servings needed (n⫽167, mean 4.03 ⫾1.63 SD) compared to men (n⫽ 101, mean 3.31 ⫾1.29 SD (ttest, p⬍ .001). While a majority of the respondents (84%) were aware that U.S. adults are not meeting recommended servings of F&V, only one-third of respondents said they would consider other forms of F&V besides fresh. Ways that the supermarket could encourage respondents’ F&V intake were lower prices and coupons. Due to the numbers of customers, point-of-purchase opportunities, and consumer trust, supermarkets are an important way to reach consumers with messages for increasing F&V intake. Surveys, such as the one used in this study, may help to provide insights into the F&V education needs of local consumers.
TEXT: Sedentary behaviors, such as television viewing, and consumption of snacks are common among adolescents. This study examined selfreported information on customary dietary intake and leisure activities (television/video/DVD watching, computer use, reading/studying) to investigate the relationship between body composition and these factors in early adolescents. Cross-sectional analyses of sedentary and dietary behaviors reported by 6th grade students recruited from 3 middle schools for the Eat, Move, Learn project comprised the study sample (n⫽267: males⫽133, females⫽134). Students completed a Food and Activity Questionnaire and had anthropometric measures (weight, height and bioelectrical impedance) taken during a school class period. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations between independent and dependant variables, controlling for age, race/ethnicity and school. All differences were considered statistically significant at P⬍0.05. Intake of snack foods was significantly greater in boys who watched the most television/video/DVD compared with the lowest users of this media. Among girls, significantly more fried foods were consumed by high television/video/DVD viewers compared to low users. Girls that spent the most time playing with computers/video games consumed more soft drinks than either medium or low users. Sedentary activities and dietary intakes were not associated with BMI, percent body fat or fat free mass in this sample. Sedentary behaviors were associated with increased consumption of fried foods, snack foods, and soft drinks. However, in this cross-sectional analysis, these dietary behaviors did not translate to a positive association with body size. The long-term health consequences of sedentary behaviors combined with poor food choices needs further examination.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Supported by the National Research Initiative (NRI) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, award number 04-35215-14268.
TITLE: INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES AND BELIEFS AMONG WOMEN IN PODOR, SENEGAL
TITLE: FOOD PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS
AUTHOR(S): H. Schwartz, C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD, C. Fields-Gardner, MS, RD, K. Sucher, ScD, RD, M. Diop, MS; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, San Jose State University; Cutting Edge Consulting, Cary, IL; Counterpart International, Senegal
AUTHOR(S): C.E. O’Neil, PhD, RD, S.-J. Yang, MS, T.A. Nicklas, DrPH, G.S. Berenson, MD; Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA; Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
LEARNING OUTCOME: Participants will gain an understanding of the feeding practices and beliefs in rural West African villages in the Podor region of Senegal.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To explore the relationships between food patterns, demographic variables, and components of metabolic syndrome.
TEXT: The study objectives were to determine and describe infant feeding practices and beliefs in the Podor region of Senegal, West Africa. Data gathered via structured interviews included: demographics, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and weaning practices and beliefs. Participants (n⫽45) were randomly selected onsite; three participants were interviewed from each of the 15 villages. Inclusion criteria required all participants to have at least one child ⬍ 24 months of age. The mean age at the time of the interview was 28⫾7 years. The mean parity was 4.4⫾2.2. All participants were married and reported to be of the Tijaniya brotherhood of Islam. Initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of the infant’s life occurred with 50% of the participants. Colostrum was given to 87% of the infants. There was no reported use of infant formula. Mean breastfeeding duration was 21⫾4.3 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 84% of participants, with mean duration of 4.7⫾2.5 months. Forty percent of participants introduced foods/beverages before 3 months. Most participants believed that breast milk is the healthiest nourishment and introduced other foods/beverages for traditional belief that it complemented breastfeeding. The majority of participants reported giving their infant goat/cow milk and rice/millet during the first year. The results indicate that some of the infant feeding behaviors approaches the infant feeding guidelines established by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. However, there are many, such as the early introduction of complementary foods, that could be improved upon.
TEXT: Young adults are a nutritionally vulnerable, poorly studied group; little is known about their risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Dietary intake data were collected in 1995-1996 on 1,012 young adults (20-38 years) (61% female; 21% black) using the youth/adolescent questionnaire, a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles were quantified; a risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated. Food items were placed into 36 predefined food groups; factor analysis retained two factors based on their Eigen-values, the Scree test, and interpretability of derived factors: “low fat/ sugar pattern” and “high fat/sugar pattern.” Each group explained 31% of the variance. Linear regression was used to examine the association between these patterns and health outcomes; ANOVA was used to test mean intake differences in the patterns by socioeconomic status. Blacks (p ⬍ 0.0001) and males (p ⬍ 0.0001) consumed more servings of high fat/sugar foods than whites and females. Young adults (p ⬍ 0.05) and those with higher incomes/ education (p ⬍ 0.01) consumed more servings of high fat/sugar foods. The mean number of servings of low fat/low sugar foods was higher in young adults who were very physically active outside of work (p ⬍ 0.05). Waist circumference, triceps skin folds, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides were negatively associated (p ⬍ 0.01) with the low fat/low sugar eating pattern, which in turn was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome (p ⬍ 0.01). These data suggest that food patterns of young adults are clearly linked with socioeconomic factors and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Louisiana AgCenter LAB93676 HATCH; other support is from USDA, ERS Cooperative Agreement No. 43-3AEL-280122, NHLBI grant HL-38844, and National Institute of Aging grant AG16592.
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-71