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Influence of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) on the Survival Rate of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Experimental Infection
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ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
INFLUENCE OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS (IPNV) ON THE SURVIVAL RATE OF JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AFTER EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION P. Schulz *, J. Pajdak y, E. Terech-Majewska y, E. Kaczorek * and A.K. Siwickiz *Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, yDepartment of Epizootiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zDepartment of Fish Pathology and Immunology, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish. IPNV has a broad host range and infects many different species of fish as well as molluscs and crustaceans. Little information exists about the influence of IPNV on defence mechanisms in fish. In this study, we examined the effects of IPNV on the survival rate of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after experimental infection with Yersinia ruckeri. Materials and Methods: Two hundred healthy rainbow trout and 200 asymptomatic IPNV carriers were divided into four groups (100 fish per group). The fish had a mean body weight of 50 g. One group of healthy fish and one group of carriers were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml Y. ruckeri suspension at 1 106/ml. Fish from two other groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of PBS. Fish were observed for 10 days. Results: Mortality in the IPNV carrier group reached 91%, while the non-carrier group had 53% mortality. Fish mortality in the groups treated with PBS reached 12% and 1% respectively. Conclusions: The asymptomatic IPNV carrier state is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with Y. ruckeri and higher mortality. Therefore, the ability to make a diagnosis of IPNV is important in breeding farms and should be performed routinely.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AFTER VACCINATION AGAINST YERSINIA RUCKERI H. Tkachenko *, J. Grudniewska y, A. Pe˛kala z, J. Pajdak x and E. Terech-Majewskax *Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environment Protection, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, yDepartment of Salmonid Research, S. Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Zukowo, z Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy x and Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Yersinia ruckeri bacterin was the first commerciallyproduced fish vaccine and the formalin-killed whole-cell product continues to be highly effective. In the present study, we determined the influence of vaccination against yersiniosis on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defence in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against Y. ruckeri. Materials and Methods: The following parameters were evaluated in the muscles of rainbow trout immunized with Y. ruckeri vaccine: the oxidative stress biomarkers 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of oxidatively-modified proteins (OMB), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes. Healthy fish were vaccinated orally with inactivated whole cells of a virulent strain of Y. ruckeri. One and 2 months after immunization the muscle samples were collected. Results: No significant difference was noted in lipid peroxidation level. Aldehyde and ketone derivatives of OMB in the vaccinated group were significantly lower in the second month compared with those in the first month after vaccination (P !0.05). The content of ketone derivatives of OMB in muscles in the first month after immunization was higher compared with untreated controls. All of these culminated in a depletion of glutathione peroxidase activity and a low level of total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: Immunization of fish with Yersinia vaccine is associated with induced free radical formation and oxidative stress. Free radicals would therefore be at least partially responsible for the induction of both humoral and cellular elements of immunity and increased protective immunity.
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
INFLUENCE OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS (IPNV) ON THE SURVIVAL RATE OF JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AFTER EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION P. Schulz *, J. Pajdak y, E. Terech-Majewska y, E. Kaczorek * and A.K. Siwickiz *Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, yDepartment of Epizootiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zDepartment of Fish Pathology and Immunology, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish. IPNV has a broad host range and infects many different species of fish as well as molluscs and crustaceans. Little information exists about the influence of IPNV on defence mechanisms in fish. In this study, we examined the effects of IPNV on the survival rate of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after experimental infection with Yersinia ruckeri. Materials and Methods: Two hundred healthy rainbow trout and 200 asymptomatic IPNV carriers were divided into four groups (100 fish per group). The fish had a mean body weight of 50 g. One group of healthy fish and one group of carriers were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml Y. ruckeri suspension at 1 106/ml. Fish from two other groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of PBS. Fish were observed for 10 days. Results: Mortality in the IPNV carrier group reached 91%, while the non-carrier group had 53% mortality. Fish mortality in the groups treated with PBS reached 12% and 1% respectively. Conclusions: The asymptomatic IPNV carrier state is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with Y. ruckeri and higher mortality. Therefore, the ability to make a diagnosis of IPNV is important in breeding farms and should be performed routinely.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AFTER VACCINATION AGAINST YERSINIA RUCKERI H. Tkachenko *, J. Grudniewska y, A. Pe˛kala z, J. Pajdak x and E. Terech-Majewskax *Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environment Protection, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, yDepartment of Salmonid Research, S. Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Zukowo, z Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy x and Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Yersinia ruckeri bacterin was the first commerciallyproduced fish vaccine and the formalin-killed whole-cell product continues to be highly effective. In the present study, we determined the influence of vaccination against yersiniosis on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defence in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against Y. ruckeri. Materials and Methods: The following parameters were evaluated in the muscles of rainbow trout immunized with Y. ruckeri vaccine: the oxidative stress biomarkers 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of oxidatively-modified proteins (OMB), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes. Healthy fish were vaccinated orally with inactivated whole cells of a virulent strain of Y. ruckeri. One and 2 months after immunization the muscle samples were collected. Results: No significant difference was noted in lipid peroxidation level. Aldehyde and ketone derivatives of OMB in the vaccinated group were significantly lower in the second month compared with those in the first month after vaccination (P !0.05). The content of ketone derivatives of OMB in muscles in the first month after immunization was higher compared with untreated controls. All of these culminated in a depletion of glutathione peroxidase activity and a low level of total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: Immunization of fish with Yersinia vaccine is associated with induced free radical formation and oxidative stress. Free radicals would therefore be at least partially responsible for the induction of both humoral and cellular elements of immunity and increased protective immunity.