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Information for authors
Otolaryngology– Head and Neck Surgery Official Journal of the AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY FOUNDATION, INC and the AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OTOLARYNGIC ALLERGY
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery is an international, peer-reviewed journal. We invite submission of articles on topics pertaining to the science and art of medicine related to otolaryngology– head and neck surgery. Articles are published because of scientific merit and are not to be considered general practice guideline standards. All U.S. and Canadian manuscripts and editorial communications should be sent to: Michael S. Benninger, MD Editor in Chief Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery One Prince St Alexandria, VA 22314-3357 phone: 703-299-1135; fax: 703-299-1136 e-mail: [email protected] All international manuscripts should be sent to: Eugene N. Myers, MD International Editor Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine The Eye & Ear Institute 200 Lothrop St, Suite 500 Pittsburgh, PA 15213 phone: 412-647-2111; fax: 412-647-2080 e-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL POLICIES All original articles are reviewed by 2 or more referees. Acceptance is based on originality, interpretation, logical consistency and validity, and significance of the material presented. Statements and opinions expressed in the articles and communications herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Editor, AAO-HNS Foundation, or Publisher. The Editor, AAO-HNS Foundation, and Publisher disclaim any responsibility for or liability for such material. Neither the Editor, Academy, nor Publisher guarantees, warrants, or endorses any product or service advertised in this publication, nor do they guarantee any claims made by the manufacturer of such product or service. JOURNAL CATEGORIES Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery publishes the following types of articles. Please check Manuscript Submission and Manuscript Preparation for further details. Editorials: Brief, substantiated commentary on controversial topics, authoritative comments or opinions on problems, new developments, or progress in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Original Research: Original, in-depth, clinical or laboratory investigations, or extensive clinical experience. Submissions must have a title page, 150-word abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 12 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of title page and abstract), no more than 20 references, and essential figures and tables. 10A
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Reviews: Scholarly reviews of the literature on important subjects in otolaryngology– head and neck surgery that challenge readers to expand existing information. Reviews do not generally go beyond the observations of the authors and, as such, do not qualify as original articles. Do not combine a case report with a literature review. Case Reports: Report of a truly unique, highly relevant, and educationally valuable case. Do not combine with a literature review. Submissions must have a title page but no abstract. Maximum length: no more than 3 typed, doubledspaced pages (exclusive of title page), a total of 2 figures and/or tables, and no more than 5 references. Short Scientific Communications: Quick communication of scientific research that is not yet ready for presentation in full form. Such research should have the potential to stimulate communications among researchers and clinicians that may lead to new concepts and supportive work. This section will also include communication of important, innovative, or technical developments. Selected manuscripts will receive an expedited review and publication. Submissions must have a title page, 100-word abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of abstract and title page), 7 references, and 2 figures or 2 tables. Clinical Techniques and Technology: A short report of unique or original methods for: (1) surgical techniques or medical management: OR (2) new devices or technology. Manuscripts should be identified for this section by authors at the time of submission. Submissions must have a title page, no abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of title page), a total of 2 figures and/or tables, and no more than 5 references. Clinical Photographs: Color photograph (not picture of an x-ray) of a unique, relevant, and educationally valuable clinical entity with an accompanying discussion. Submissions must have a title page, no abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, doublespaced pages (exclusive of title page) and 4 references. In exceptional cases, with editor approval, a second photograph will be considered, although this will require reducing the text by 200 words. There is no charge for publication of the color photograph in this section. Video Clip Submission: Instructions for submission of video vignettes are available at our online journal and can be accessed by going to the site www.mosby.com/oto and clicking on “Author Guidelines” in the “About This Journal” section. Video vignettes should be submitted to the Journal’s Online Editor, Keith F. Clark, MD, PhD, PO Box 26901 Williams Pavilion, Oklahoma City, OK 73190; phone 405-2715504; fax 405-271-3248; e-mail [email protected] together with a copy of the accompanying manuscript and the letter of acceptance from the editor’s office. Book Reviews: Books and monographs (domestic and foreign) will be listed as space permits and reviewed depending on their interest and value to subscribers. Reviews should be May 2004
brief (limited to 1 page) and should give readers an overview of the contents of the book, thoughts as to its strengths and weaknesses, and recommendations concerning a target group most likely to benefit from reading the volume. Please submit a hard copy of the review and a disk labeled with the wordprocessing program and operating system to Associate Editor—Book Reviews, Brent A. Senior, MD, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, UNC School of Medicine, Neurosciences Hospital, Ground Floor, CB 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070; phone, 919-966-3342; fax, 919-966-9361; e-mail, [email protected]. In appreciation of the review, the reviewer keeps the book. Letters to the Editor: Brief letters to the editor regarding published material or information of timely interest. If the letter is related to a previously published article, the authors will, whenever possible, be invited to reply. The letter should be titled, double-spaced, and submitted with a disk and 3 hard copies. It should be brief and to the point, with few references. News and Announcements: Announcements of scheduling meetings; postgraduate courses; symposia of regional, national, or international interest; and news items of general interest to otolaryngologists and related specialists should be sent to the editor at least 5 months in advance of the meeting date. If appropriate for the Journal, they will be published as space permits. Committee reports, government issues, and socioeconomic communications should be referred to the Bulletin of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and sent to Jeanne McIntyre, Managing Editor, 1 Prince St, Alexandria, VA 22314. Supplements: Supplements are considered for publication on the basis of importance of topic, expertise of participants, and scientific quality of the articles presented. All supplements undergo peer review. Private funding for supplements is required. Contact the Managing Editor of the Journal for further information. INTERNATIONAL SECTION Original Research and Case Report manuscripts submitted from outside the United States and Canada are reviewed under the direction of the International Editor. Manuscripts received from overseas will be held to the same high standards as those received from the United States and Canada. Manuscripts dealing with clinical and scientific aspects of otolaryngology, allergy, surgery of the sinonasal tract, bronchoesophagology, head and neck surgery, laryngology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, pediatric otolaryngology, otology/neurotology, audiology, and speech pathology will be considered for publication. All submissions will undergo peer review by the International Editorial Board. Manuscripts previously published in a language other than English may be submitted; however, the date of publication, the name of the journal, and the copyright information must be included. International manuscripts must follow all the instructions for Manuscript Submission and Manuscript Preparation (see below). In addition, see JOURNAL CATEGORIES for specific page length and limitations on figures and tables. ALL INTERNATIONAL MANUSCRIPTS SHOULD BE MAILED TO THE INTERNATIONAL EDITOR, see address earlier. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION • Submit 4 hard copies and a computer disk of the text, figures, tables, and references. Double-space and number every page, including abstract, references, and figure legends. Use appropriate main headings throughout the body May 2004
•
•
•
•
•
•
of the text (Abstract, Introduction, Methods, etc). Label the disk with the name of the first author, short title, file name, type of computer used, and software, including version. The disk must contain only the final, revised version of the manuscript and must exactly match the hard copy (see Figures below for further information). Along with the manuscript, submit a COPYRIGHT RELEASE STATEMENT that has each author’s name typed and signed. Faxed copies of signatures are acceptable. The copyright statement should read: The undersigned author(s) transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript (insert the title of the manuscript) to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc, in the event the work is published. The undersigned warrant(s) that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. The author(s) confirm that they have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. For studies that involve HUMAN OR ANIMAL RESEARCH, indicate approval by the institution’s human or animal subject review committee in the Methods section of the manuscript. Include an additional statement of the humane care of the animals with animal studies and a statement of informed consent or exempt classification by the IRB with human studies. For manuscripts that contain COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS, provide a statement of author or institution responsibility for the cost ($1200/article ⫹ $80/illustration). If color prints are meant to be published in black and white, please so indicate. Submit written permission from the copyright holder (normally the publisher) for all PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED material, including tables, figures, and direct quotations longer than 100 words. For manuscripts that contain PHOTOGRAPHS OF A PERSON, submit a written release from the person or guardian, or do not reveal the person’s identity (ie, cover the eyes). Acknowledge all potential CONFLICT OF INTEREST. Indicate on the Title Page all sources of funding. When reporting on manufactured materials, include a footnote or statement in the text regarding the presence or absence of any financial relationships with the manufacturer. Also state other more subtle forms of conflict of interest when present.
MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION Correct preparation of the manuscript will expedite the review and publishing process. (See Manuscript Submission above.) Manuscripts must conform to acceptable American English usage. Spell out any abbreviations the first time they appear in the text and indicate the abbreviation immediately afterward in parentheses. Use all abbreviations consistently throughout the manuscript. For further questions concerning style, consult the Manual of Style by the American Medical Association or a recent issue of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Title Page: Include the title and the full name, academic degree, institutional affiliation, and location of institution for each author. Designate 1 author as the corresponding author, and provide a complete address, telephone, fax, and e-mail. The corresponding author will receive all correspondence regarding the manuscript as well as the galley proofs and reprint requests. Also indicate where the paper was presented, and if Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
11A
applicable, provide a brief acknowledgment of any grants and/or other assistance received. Abstract: Each original article must have an abstract/summary not exceeding 150 words. Abstracts must be structured with the following headings: Objective, Study Design and Setting, Results, Conclusion, and Significance. Double-space abstracts, and print them on a separate page. Abstracts not in compliance with this format will be returned to the authors for revision. Text: See JOURNAL CATEGORIES for length requirements. Number all pages beginning with the title page as #1. Use generic drug and equipment names when possible; cite the proprietary names in parentheses after first mention, if desired. Identify equipment by manufacturer name and location. State all measurements in metric units, and if desired, add English units in parentheses. Consult previous issues of the Journal for useful guidelines for reporting the grading of facial nerve dysfunction (1985;93:1467), the results of treatment of Meniere’s disease (1985;93:57981), the measurement of power densities in laser surgery (1986; 94:273), and the definition of rhinosinusitis (1997;117:S2). Acknowledgments: All papers prepared in consultation with a statistician who is not a coauthor must contain an acknowledgment, following the text, indicating the name and degrees of the statistician. Acknowledge any other contributions in this section. References: Authors are responsible for the completeness, accuracy, and format of their references. Do not use the endnote or footnote function of word-processing software to generate a list of references. • Begin references on a separate page after Acknowledgments. • Number references in the order of their appearance in the text, not in alphabetical order. • Cite references in the text by number in the form of a superscript. • Do not exceed 20 references, unless the manuscript is a review article. • Cite unpublished data, personal communications, and manuscripts submitted (but not accepted) as footnotes in the text. • List only the first 3 authors, and add et al after the third author. • Follow the format detailed in the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals” (Ann Intern Med 1997;126:36-47);http://www.icmje.org • Abbreviate journal titles as shown in the Cumulative Index Medicus. Examples of correct forms of references are given below: Journal reference: Tarasidis G, Watanabe O, Mackinnon SE, et al. End-to-side neurorraphy: a long-term study of neural regeneration in a rat model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:37-41. Book reference: McMinn RMH, Hutchings RT, Logan BM. Color atlas of head and neck anatomy. 1st ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publisher; 1982. p. 10-25. Chapter reference: Oppenheim JJ, Schecter B. Lymphocyte transformation. In: Friedman R, Friedman H, editors. Manual of clinical immunology. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): American Society for Microbiology; 1980. p. 233-45. Evidence-Based Medicine and Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: In an effort to allow our readers to best
understand the quality of references cited in articles published in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, authors are requested to assign an appropriate grade of recommendation—as defined by the level of evidence—to each article they 12A
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
reference, based on definitions from the Centre for EvidenceBased Medicine, below. We are also asking our reviewers to similarly evaluate the articles submitted to us. Grades of recommendations: Grade A, Level 1; Grade B, Level 2, 3; Grade C, Level 4; Grade D, Level 5. Levels of evidence: Level 1, Randomized controlled trials or a systemic review (meta-analysis) of randomized controlled trials; Level 2, prospective (cohort or outcomes) study with an internal control group or a systematic review of prospective, controlled trials; Level 3, retrospective (case-control) study with an internal control group or a systematic review of retrospective, controlled studies; Level 4, case series without an internal control group (retrospective reviews; uncontrolled cohort or outcome studies); Level 5, expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal, or recommendation based on physiology/bench research. Authors should include the Grades of Recommendation at the end of each reference, thus: Benninger MS, Holzer S, Lau J. Diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: Summary of the Agency on Healthcare Policy and Research’s Evidence Based Report. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002: 122;1-7. (Grade A). Legends for Figures: Provide a legend for each figure. List the legends for each figure in your manuscript on a legend page. Place the figure legend page after the reference page. Double-space all figure legends. Tables: Data appearing in tables should supplement, not duplicate, the text. Print tables on separate pages and number them in order of their mention in the text. Place the tables after the figure legend page. Provide a brief title for each table, and define any abbreviations in table footnotes. Figures: Up to 10 figures will be reproduced at no cost to the authors. With the Editor’s concurrence, the number may exceed 10. Cost for color figures is the authors’ responsibility (see MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION above). Number figures in the order of their mention in the text, and label the back with the figure number, first author’s name, and an arrow indicating the top edge. Submit 4 unmounted, glossy prints of each photograph (original artwork, x-ray films, or graph tracings will not be accepted). For line art (charts, graphs, and line drawings) submit 4 sets of either laser printouts or glossy prints. Because all figures are scanned electronically, for best reproduction, avoid lettering on a dark background. Avoid screening and shading entirely; instead, use patterns to indicate differences. Figures may be submitted in electronic format along with 4 high-quality hard copies. All images should be at least 5 inches wide. Images should be provided in EPS or TIF format on Zip disk, CD, floppy, Jaz, or 3.5 MO. Macintosh or PC is acceptable. Graphics software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, not presentation software such as PowerPoint, CorelDraw, or Harvard Graphics, should be used in the creation of the art. Color images need to be CMYK, at least 300 DPI, and be accompanied by a digital color proof, not a color laser print or color photocopy. Note: This proof will be used at press for color reproduction. Gray scale images should be at least 300 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Combinations of gray scale and line art should be at least 1200 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Line art (black and white or color) should be at least 1200 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Please include hardware and software information, in addition to the file names, with the disk. May 2004
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery is an international, peer-reviewed journal. We invite submission of articles on topics pertaining to the science and art of medicine related to otolaryngology– head and neck surgery. Articles are published because of scientific merit and are not to be considered general practice guideline standards. All U.S. and Canadian manuscripts and editorial communications should be sent to: Michael S. Benninger, MD Editor in Chief Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery One Prince St Alexandria, VA 22314-3357 phone: 703-299-1135; fax: 703-299-1136 e-mail: [email protected] All international manuscripts should be sent to: Eugene N. Myers, MD International Editor Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine The Eye & Ear Institute 200 Lothrop St, Suite 500 Pittsburgh, PA 15213 phone: 412-647-2111; fax: 412-647-2080 e-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL POLICIES All original articles are reviewed by 2 or more referees. Acceptance is based on originality, interpretation, logical consistency and validity, and significance of the material presented. Statements and opinions expressed in the articles and communications herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Editor, AAO-HNS Foundation, or Publisher. The Editor, AAO-HNS Foundation, and Publisher disclaim any responsibility for or liability for such material. Neither the Editor, Academy, nor Publisher guarantees, warrants, or endorses any product or service advertised in this publication, nor do they guarantee any claims made by the manufacturer of such product or service. JOURNAL CATEGORIES Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery publishes the following types of articles. Please check Manuscript Submission and Manuscript Preparation for further details. Editorials: Brief, substantiated commentary on controversial topics, authoritative comments or opinions on problems, new developments, or progress in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Original Research: Original, in-depth, clinical or laboratory investigations, or extensive clinical experience. Submissions must have a title page, 150-word abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 12 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of title page and abstract), no more than 20 references, and essential figures and tables. 10A
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Reviews: Scholarly reviews of the literature on important subjects in otolaryngology– head and neck surgery that challenge readers to expand existing information. Reviews do not generally go beyond the observations of the authors and, as such, do not qualify as original articles. Do not combine a case report with a literature review. Case Reports: Report of a truly unique, highly relevant, and educationally valuable case. Do not combine with a literature review. Submissions must have a title page but no abstract. Maximum length: no more than 3 typed, doubledspaced pages (exclusive of title page), a total of 2 figures and/or tables, and no more than 5 references. Short Scientific Communications: Quick communication of scientific research that is not yet ready for presentation in full form. Such research should have the potential to stimulate communications among researchers and clinicians that may lead to new concepts and supportive work. This section will also include communication of important, innovative, or technical developments. Selected manuscripts will receive an expedited review and publication. Submissions must have a title page, 100-word abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of abstract and title page), 7 references, and 2 figures or 2 tables. Clinical Techniques and Technology: A short report of unique or original methods for: (1) surgical techniques or medical management: OR (2) new devices or technology. Manuscripts should be identified for this section by authors at the time of submission. Submissions must have a title page, no abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, double-spaced pages (exclusive of title page), a total of 2 figures and/or tables, and no more than 5 references. Clinical Photographs: Color photograph (not picture of an x-ray) of a unique, relevant, and educationally valuable clinical entity with an accompanying discussion. Submissions must have a title page, no abstract, copyright release, 4 copies, and a disk. Manuscript length: no more than 3 typed, doublespaced pages (exclusive of title page) and 4 references. In exceptional cases, with editor approval, a second photograph will be considered, although this will require reducing the text by 200 words. There is no charge for publication of the color photograph in this section. Video Clip Submission: Instructions for submission of video vignettes are available at our online journal and can be accessed by going to the site www.mosby.com/oto and clicking on “Author Guidelines” in the “About This Journal” section. Video vignettes should be submitted to the Journal’s Online Editor, Keith F. Clark, MD, PhD, PO Box 26901 Williams Pavilion, Oklahoma City, OK 73190; phone 405-2715504; fax 405-271-3248; e-mail [email protected] together with a copy of the accompanying manuscript and the letter of acceptance from the editor’s office. Book Reviews: Books and monographs (domestic and foreign) will be listed as space permits and reviewed depending on their interest and value to subscribers. Reviews should be May 2004
brief (limited to 1 page) and should give readers an overview of the contents of the book, thoughts as to its strengths and weaknesses, and recommendations concerning a target group most likely to benefit from reading the volume. Please submit a hard copy of the review and a disk labeled with the wordprocessing program and operating system to Associate Editor—Book Reviews, Brent A. Senior, MD, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, UNC School of Medicine, Neurosciences Hospital, Ground Floor, CB 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070; phone, 919-966-3342; fax, 919-966-9361; e-mail, [email protected]. In appreciation of the review, the reviewer keeps the book. Letters to the Editor: Brief letters to the editor regarding published material or information of timely interest. If the letter is related to a previously published article, the authors will, whenever possible, be invited to reply. The letter should be titled, double-spaced, and submitted with a disk and 3 hard copies. It should be brief and to the point, with few references. News and Announcements: Announcements of scheduling meetings; postgraduate courses; symposia of regional, national, or international interest; and news items of general interest to otolaryngologists and related specialists should be sent to the editor at least 5 months in advance of the meeting date. If appropriate for the Journal, they will be published as space permits. Committee reports, government issues, and socioeconomic communications should be referred to the Bulletin of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and sent to Jeanne McIntyre, Managing Editor, 1 Prince St, Alexandria, VA 22314. Supplements: Supplements are considered for publication on the basis of importance of topic, expertise of participants, and scientific quality of the articles presented. All supplements undergo peer review. Private funding for supplements is required. Contact the Managing Editor of the Journal for further information. INTERNATIONAL SECTION Original Research and Case Report manuscripts submitted from outside the United States and Canada are reviewed under the direction of the International Editor. Manuscripts received from overseas will be held to the same high standards as those received from the United States and Canada. Manuscripts dealing with clinical and scientific aspects of otolaryngology, allergy, surgery of the sinonasal tract, bronchoesophagology, head and neck surgery, laryngology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, pediatric otolaryngology, otology/neurotology, audiology, and speech pathology will be considered for publication. All submissions will undergo peer review by the International Editorial Board. Manuscripts previously published in a language other than English may be submitted; however, the date of publication, the name of the journal, and the copyright information must be included. International manuscripts must follow all the instructions for Manuscript Submission and Manuscript Preparation (see below). In addition, see JOURNAL CATEGORIES for specific page length and limitations on figures and tables. ALL INTERNATIONAL MANUSCRIPTS SHOULD BE MAILED TO THE INTERNATIONAL EDITOR, see address earlier. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION • Submit 4 hard copies and a computer disk of the text, figures, tables, and references. Double-space and number every page, including abstract, references, and figure legends. Use appropriate main headings throughout the body May 2004
•
•
•
•
•
•
of the text (Abstract, Introduction, Methods, etc). Label the disk with the name of the first author, short title, file name, type of computer used, and software, including version. The disk must contain only the final, revised version of the manuscript and must exactly match the hard copy (see Figures below for further information). Along with the manuscript, submit a COPYRIGHT RELEASE STATEMENT that has each author’s name typed and signed. Faxed copies of signatures are acceptable. The copyright statement should read: The undersigned author(s) transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript (insert the title of the manuscript) to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc, in the event the work is published. The undersigned warrant(s) that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. The author(s) confirm that they have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. For studies that involve HUMAN OR ANIMAL RESEARCH, indicate approval by the institution’s human or animal subject review committee in the Methods section of the manuscript. Include an additional statement of the humane care of the animals with animal studies and a statement of informed consent or exempt classification by the IRB with human studies. For manuscripts that contain COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS, provide a statement of author or institution responsibility for the cost ($1200/article ⫹ $80/illustration). If color prints are meant to be published in black and white, please so indicate. Submit written permission from the copyright holder (normally the publisher) for all PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED material, including tables, figures, and direct quotations longer than 100 words. For manuscripts that contain PHOTOGRAPHS OF A PERSON, submit a written release from the person or guardian, or do not reveal the person’s identity (ie, cover the eyes). Acknowledge all potential CONFLICT OF INTEREST. Indicate on the Title Page all sources of funding. When reporting on manufactured materials, include a footnote or statement in the text regarding the presence or absence of any financial relationships with the manufacturer. Also state other more subtle forms of conflict of interest when present.
MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION Correct preparation of the manuscript will expedite the review and publishing process. (See Manuscript Submission above.) Manuscripts must conform to acceptable American English usage. Spell out any abbreviations the first time they appear in the text and indicate the abbreviation immediately afterward in parentheses. Use all abbreviations consistently throughout the manuscript. For further questions concerning style, consult the Manual of Style by the American Medical Association or a recent issue of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Title Page: Include the title and the full name, academic degree, institutional affiliation, and location of institution for each author. Designate 1 author as the corresponding author, and provide a complete address, telephone, fax, and e-mail. The corresponding author will receive all correspondence regarding the manuscript as well as the galley proofs and reprint requests. Also indicate where the paper was presented, and if Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
11A
applicable, provide a brief acknowledgment of any grants and/or other assistance received. Abstract: Each original article must have an abstract/summary not exceeding 150 words. Abstracts must be structured with the following headings: Objective, Study Design and Setting, Results, Conclusion, and Significance. Double-space abstracts, and print them on a separate page. Abstracts not in compliance with this format will be returned to the authors for revision. Text: See JOURNAL CATEGORIES for length requirements. Number all pages beginning with the title page as #1. Use generic drug and equipment names when possible; cite the proprietary names in parentheses after first mention, if desired. Identify equipment by manufacturer name and location. State all measurements in metric units, and if desired, add English units in parentheses. Consult previous issues of the Journal for useful guidelines for reporting the grading of facial nerve dysfunction (1985;93:1467), the results of treatment of Meniere’s disease (1985;93:57981), the measurement of power densities in laser surgery (1986; 94:273), and the definition of rhinosinusitis (1997;117:S2). Acknowledgments: All papers prepared in consultation with a statistician who is not a coauthor must contain an acknowledgment, following the text, indicating the name and degrees of the statistician. Acknowledge any other contributions in this section. References: Authors are responsible for the completeness, accuracy, and format of their references. Do not use the endnote or footnote function of word-processing software to generate a list of references. • Begin references on a separate page after Acknowledgments. • Number references in the order of their appearance in the text, not in alphabetical order. • Cite references in the text by number in the form of a superscript. • Do not exceed 20 references, unless the manuscript is a review article. • Cite unpublished data, personal communications, and manuscripts submitted (but not accepted) as footnotes in the text. • List only the first 3 authors, and add et al after the third author. • Follow the format detailed in the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals” (Ann Intern Med 1997;126:36-47);http://www.icmje.org • Abbreviate journal titles as shown in the Cumulative Index Medicus. Examples of correct forms of references are given below: Journal reference: Tarasidis G, Watanabe O, Mackinnon SE, et al. End-to-side neurorraphy: a long-term study of neural regeneration in a rat model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:37-41. Book reference: McMinn RMH, Hutchings RT, Logan BM. Color atlas of head and neck anatomy. 1st ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publisher; 1982. p. 10-25. Chapter reference: Oppenheim JJ, Schecter B. Lymphocyte transformation. In: Friedman R, Friedman H, editors. Manual of clinical immunology. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): American Society for Microbiology; 1980. p. 233-45. Evidence-Based Medicine and Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: In an effort to allow our readers to best
understand the quality of references cited in articles published in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, authors are requested to assign an appropriate grade of recommendation—as defined by the level of evidence—to each article they 12A
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
reference, based on definitions from the Centre for EvidenceBased Medicine, below. We are also asking our reviewers to similarly evaluate the articles submitted to us. Grades of recommendations: Grade A, Level 1; Grade B, Level 2, 3; Grade C, Level 4; Grade D, Level 5. Levels of evidence: Level 1, Randomized controlled trials or a systemic review (meta-analysis) of randomized controlled trials; Level 2, prospective (cohort or outcomes) study with an internal control group or a systematic review of prospective, controlled trials; Level 3, retrospective (case-control) study with an internal control group or a systematic review of retrospective, controlled studies; Level 4, case series without an internal control group (retrospective reviews; uncontrolled cohort or outcome studies); Level 5, expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal, or recommendation based on physiology/bench research. Authors should include the Grades of Recommendation at the end of each reference, thus: Benninger MS, Holzer S, Lau J. Diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: Summary of the Agency on Healthcare Policy and Research’s Evidence Based Report. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002: 122;1-7. (Grade A). Legends for Figures: Provide a legend for each figure. List the legends for each figure in your manuscript on a legend page. Place the figure legend page after the reference page. Double-space all figure legends. Tables: Data appearing in tables should supplement, not duplicate, the text. Print tables on separate pages and number them in order of their mention in the text. Place the tables after the figure legend page. Provide a brief title for each table, and define any abbreviations in table footnotes. Figures: Up to 10 figures will be reproduced at no cost to the authors. With the Editor’s concurrence, the number may exceed 10. Cost for color figures is the authors’ responsibility (see MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION above). Number figures in the order of their mention in the text, and label the back with the figure number, first author’s name, and an arrow indicating the top edge. Submit 4 unmounted, glossy prints of each photograph (original artwork, x-ray films, or graph tracings will not be accepted). For line art (charts, graphs, and line drawings) submit 4 sets of either laser printouts or glossy prints. Because all figures are scanned electronically, for best reproduction, avoid lettering on a dark background. Avoid screening and shading entirely; instead, use patterns to indicate differences. Figures may be submitted in electronic format along with 4 high-quality hard copies. All images should be at least 5 inches wide. Images should be provided in EPS or TIF format on Zip disk, CD, floppy, Jaz, or 3.5 MO. Macintosh or PC is acceptable. Graphics software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, not presentation software such as PowerPoint, CorelDraw, or Harvard Graphics, should be used in the creation of the art. Color images need to be CMYK, at least 300 DPI, and be accompanied by a digital color proof, not a color laser print or color photocopy. Note: This proof will be used at press for color reproduction. Gray scale images should be at least 300 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Combinations of gray scale and line art should be at least 1200 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Line art (black and white or color) should be at least 1200 DPI and accompanied by a proof. Please include hardware and software information, in addition to the file names, with the disk. May 2004