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Information to persons applying for patents, or transacting other business at the patent office
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Information to Persons ai!plylng jbr Patents, or ~ransacting o~her business at the Patent O~eeo, •
I')EPART~IENT OF STATI*--PATENT
O]~':¢tCE.
T h e Acts of" Congress which relate particularly to the granting of :Patents for inventions and improvements~ are two ~r~ number~ tile first was passed February ~lst, 1793~ and tile second~ on the 17th of
pru,
8oo.
l'he persons who have a right to take out patents, are all citizens of the United States; and aliens wire have resided ti~crein for two years. In other cases they can be obtained only by a special act: of the national legislature. Joint inventors may take oat a j6int patent~ and where~two or more }ersons have concurred in perfectin ; any invention or disg should . . . . . .a. i.so concur m • eovery,,t-.it wouhl ,seem neeessar.~y that tlley,' taking out a patent, as neither of them can justly clmra to be the sole inventor. ~ : In case of the decease of an inventor, who has not taken out a patent, fin" his invention,, it may .be obtained by "tile leiral¢ represeno tatlves of such person, m truM; tor the heirs at law of the deceased~ in case he shall have died intestate~ but if otherwis% then in trust for his devisees." '~ And when application fbr a patent shall be made by such legal representatives, the oath, or affirmation," &e. ~ shall be so .varied as to be .applicable to them." (Act. of 1800, sec. ~o) "Ihe term for which a patent is granted, ~s fourteen years: a patent cannot be renewed at the expiration of this fermi excepting by a ,Special act of Congress, T h e things for which a pate n~ m a y be obtained, a r e ~ " any new and useful art, machine, nla~:~facture, or Composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement on a n y art, maehine~ manufac. ture, or composition of matter, not known or used before the application." (Act of t795, sec. t.) The thing patented must be new. " E v e r y inventor befi)re he Can receive a patent, shall swear, or affirm, that he does verily believe that he is the true inventor, or discoverer of the art, machin% or ira: rOVement, for which he solicits a patent." (Act of 1793, sec. g.) the case of a resident alien, it is required, that he declare on oath, or affirmation, in addition to what is required from a citizen, ~ that the same hath not, to the best of his or her knowledge orbelii~:b~en ,
:
coverer,'? provided the thing has " b e e n known~:0~ ~Sed, in this or any tbreign country." ltNG, ~O]K A PATIENT,
he method of ap p 1ying fo r a pa t ent is:by ......... pe~ition~ ad d re ~ ed~t ; lh~ SzCretary of State, which is a~ually i n tt~e'following foetal
7~
[tt ha
go, 1,rig ~mo your ~etttzoner~
full and exclusive right, of t'o others to be used, his's, manufacture, or compositi, Congress in such case ma& thirty dollars into the treas~ other provisions of the sale ;/ • ~i:~
THE
DESORJ[~'TLON OR SPEOIFIfJATION.
Accompanying the petition there m~st be a detcription~ or, as i t~i, usually terrhed,'a specification of the thing intended tO be p~t;en~e~d:~ the words of the la~, are as tbllows, ,' and shall deilve~ a W~ii*~ de~ scription of his invention, and of the manner of using, or process of coml)ounding the same, in such full, clear, and exact terms, as to distinguish the same from all other things betbre known~ and to enable any person skilled in the art or science of which it is a branch, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make, compound~ and use the same. And in the case of any machine~ he shaii fully exlain the principle, and the several modes in which he has contem plated the application of that principle, or character, by which it may be distinguished from other inventions." (Act of 17§3, sec. $.) The followin~ form may be used for the preamble Of tile desc'ri tion~ or specific~ation: P To all to whom these presents shall come: .Be it known, that I, C. D. of - - ~ in ~the county of ~ , and state of ~ have invented a new and usefzd improvement in [the machine for cutting and heading nails at one operation,] and that the following is a full and exact description of the eonstr(~etio~ and operation of the said maehine~ as invented or improved by me. Here follows the description of" the art~ machiae~manufacture~ 6¢ composition of matter." It is scarcely necessary to observe, that the phraseology of the specification must be such as to correspomtwith the nature of the thing patented~ whether it be an art~ m~cltlhe~ or eompositlon of matter; bywhich last term is intended~ what is Usuall~ called a compound~ the i:eclpe for which is to be given:in the speei~. cation. The necessity of the most particular attention tothe requirements Gfthelaw, in drawing up the speeifieation~cannot be too forcibly urged Ulna those who appl'y for patents~ h number o~" tho~i~which have
334
, [ n j o r m a t i o n to afil)deanLs./or t-'a~ents°
undergone judicial investigation, have bee~ vacated i~ com~%uence of some defect in the matter or fin'm of this i~stvoment: it is, in Ihct~ upon the averments nf the specificatimt that the validi!~y of the patent must, in almost every instance~ be decided. M a n y s p e c i S c a . lions which are deposited ia this o([ic% evhlce not o~@ a~ iZ~orance of" the laws r,,~;uiatitl~ the gIa~ling ~.q'p~dcnIs~ a~d ~im'(ieci~mm~ which have takell t;ht.ce uE';der (hem~ t;ut; albo ~nanil;est a d~'.iicicmcv of that iomwlcd~e in mechaifics, and the a~'ts, v, ific:h is ncc~':~aavv t~ an accurate and ~:lear d~:~crii)~i~m t~t a ma~:hil~¢, ~)v t~l-~:es~, aw.t v~i~hout which a patent must be evidentlyinsecuv% atl~ha~, can be ~mw ottiwed, are a few dh'cctitlns embracing those poi~l(s which appear to be of the most importance. A patent is to be c(msidered as a c~mtract betwee~ the paten!e% and the public: tim fm'me~' is to make known infidl, decor, a?~d eceaet terms,..the'nature, of his• inwmtior b . .°r.disc°very" . so~ as. to. e~nflfle;, at)erson skdled m the art, lo prachse~t, Irom th~s deser~pbo~: the latter, on condition of this bein~ done~ secures to (Ira paten!e% the exclusive right to use aml disi;ose of his invention ov discover)) for tim term of fi)urteen years, in considel'ali(m of which it is after'wards to become, lmblic t.)r°perty . . . . The . . . m'c(.~s~dtv,~ therefore, . . .of .observin~ the following .rules' wdl be, al)paren k. . , . In makzng the desemption , no part q¢ eke invengton m~y be omie!ed, the whole must be described. The whole process is 1o be 9nade known; a le.~.,~'pe@:,ct mode of proceeding must ,cot be in.verged whilst a vzore tic,feet one is known to~ and practised by, the patentee. It is not sufficient, that the whole machine, proeess, or compow~d be given; if there be added any part, or ingredient, ealcuiaged to d@at the process, and intended to [teeeiee the public, the patent is not good, No more must be claimed in the patent, than what is new~ and is the invention, or discovery~ of the ?a~er~tee. M a n y patents have been vacated, in conseqnence of inatte~tion to this last rule. ~[n the specification Vc is i!evtEclly proper to describe an entire machine, atthouga most par{s oi it mag have ]:)eer~ long known and used, as, otherwise, it may be dii~ic~fl) to make known the improvements; but after doing this, U~e patentee should distinctly set forth what he claims as new; and this is best done in a separate aragraph, at the end of the specification~ which may commence in a rm something like the tbllowing: FVhat I claim as new, and as fny own invention or diseovery~ in the above described machine. [avh' mamffacb.n-e, or compositi('m of matter,J and jbr the use of which ] ask an exclusive privilqg'e~ is. 4"c. ere. Where the machine or instrument is old, but is applied to an en-. firely new purpose, this fact must be stated~ as the palest in tiffs case cannot be fbr the instrument, but musg be for the application of it only. W h e r e a patent is take~ tbr a~ improvement upon a machine preo Viously patented by some other person, the right to use the original
inventiort n: the improve '~ d a d be
e .)re ted an process of ed.. and sha no~ be at liberty to make use of, o~' venG the or gi~al discovery, nor shall the first it]ventor be at liberty to ~.~se the improvement: and it is hereby enacted ami declared that simply changing the form or proportions of "my machine, (w comp~.)sitim " ...... ". . . . shall not be deemedadiscovervd ~ ( A c t o W h e n au inveator obtains ~parent for article previously patented by himselg, the (a machine tbr example) wilt become pu/)l fin" which the lh'sc patem: was taken, 'rbe the elti.~ct of rnnawino, ih~, m'h,'dlml , ' r n n r 3 of
fiot~
app County o '
Stare o f ' - - - - - , 5 On ~his --
- dW ( ! j ' - - . 18--. oeibre the s*~bseNber, a justice tlze ~eace, in and, br the said coeengv, personalhl al~;eared the ~dbre. reed C. D° a~zd ';nade ,~ogcmn oa[/, ior attbl~at~on] accordi,~g to bzzo, that he veri/g bdievea hima~ (f to be lhe true and original in. venlor, or diacoverer, o)j"the. 9nachine (a~'t, invetltion~ or im [)rovement~ compost*ion of matter, etc.) above spec'gied and describedjbr ~eutting and heading ~mils at our operation;ij and that he is a citizen of the Ungled Stages. * - - -- -, JUst. Peaceo it: not a citizen %r citizens,)to the oath or aflbmation that he verio ty believes bimsdfto be the h'ue a~d original iaveutor or discoverer of the machine, etc., me fotiowi* G addition mus~ be made; "'and that the same hath ~ot, ~o lhe he,t qf hia []orber]] knowledge or be. lie.i; beer, known or t~aed either in this or ~n any foreign country: and Zhat he lay she] h,6~ redded in ~/ze Uhi~ed 5'talcs /br two years."
Every app!ic~,tioa t\;r a pnient will thu.~ cm~sist o}" three distinct insu'umei~ts of writing: the petkicm,,, the specification,. . and the oath, or afl:u'mattom ~ ~e t)et~t*ot~ o%,ht to state m clear, but :concise terms, t-m nature, or obiect of {-be hnprovement, &c. for which a ~)atent is claimed: h~ tl~e speciticatk)n the inventiOn or discovery ,~houhl be fully attd compl&ety described~ and this, in its wolds a~td tefior, shoul4 agree with {/~e object concisely stated in the petition; and the oath or ailh'mati(m cmgh~ also to correspond wtth the preceding instruments.
336
Informatio~ to al)])licants f o r Patents. OF DIt.AWINGS, MODELS, AND BPECIM~NS OF I N G R E D I E N T S ,
The law declares that tile patentee ~ shall accompany the whoIe with drawhlgs, and written reierences, where the nature of the case admits of drawings." (Act of t795, sec. 3.) Great difficulty has been sometimes experierlced in preparing specitications, from a prevailing idea, that it is necessary to describe a machine in words, without any refe,'ence being made to tile drawing, in the body of the instrument. Neither tile words of the law~ or the practice of the office, lend any aid to this opinion. References to the drawing may be made throughout, aml in most instances the description may be much short° ened by so doing; observing that whenever references to the drawings are made in the specification, two copies of these drawings must be forwarded, one of which will be returned, attached to the patent, and the other retained in this otfice. The drawings ought, in general, to be in perspective; and these should be accompanied by representations in section, or in detail~ of such parts as may not otherwise be clearly understood. They shouhl be well execated, and rarely need exceed the size of a page of letter paper. A model will, hereafter, be required in all cases where it is believed that the nature of the machine will be more clearly shown by it, than by drawings alone. The law says, " a n d such inventor shall moreover deliver a model of his machine, provided the Secretary shall deem such model to be necessary." (Act of 1793, see. S.) These models shouhl be neatly made, and as small as a distinct representation will a d mit; they ought to have a permanent label affixed to them, by engraving, painting, or otherwise. They will be carefully kept, tbr the advantage of the patentee, and the information of the public. When the invention is a composition of matter, the law requires that specimens of the ingredients shall be deposited: tile words are, ~' or with st)ecimens (if"the ingredients, and of the composition of matter, sutlicient in quantity fi)r the purpose of experiment, where the invention is a composition of matter." (Act of 1793, sec..3.) OF I N T E R F E R I N G APPLICATIONS,
Requests are fi'equently sent to this ottice, that patents may not be granted, or that, in certain cases, they may be delayed; these requests are fimnded in a very prevailing, but erroneous opinion, that there is _such a judicial or discretionary ))ower, vested in this departm e n t . In the United States, the patent is a constitutional right, which the citizen, or tile qualified alien, may demand, and which the officers of government have no power to withhold. Should a patent issue to an individual to-day, another person who shall have complied with all tile requirements of the law, may to-morrow, obtain a patent tbr the same tiling. The validity, in either case, is a question tbr a court and jury to decide° The patent secures to the patentee, the exclusive right to his own invention, or discovery; but it conferz no right to the thing patented, where he is unable to sun-
838
~qmerican t atents jo'r 5eplember~ wilh Remarks,
inlbrm hi,n~ shoahl a similar application be made. This, however~ is not to be expected, excepting ia recent cases, as such descriptions are not recorded, and the number on file:renders a geneva[ examination impracticable. T R A N S F E R Ot~ A P A T E N T E E ? S R I G H T *
An inventor may transfer his right before a patent has issued, and theassisnee may take out a natent; or he may obtain his patent, and afterwards assign i t . the asstgnment~ m mtlmr case, must be re~ corded in the IXatent Office (Act of 1793, see. 4.) 3:hose applicants ['or patents who are desirohs of having them issue immediately, may have this done by sending o n t w o complete sets of papers, neat/~; written; in this case, one coov of tim specificatioa shouht be upon parchmel~t, of the size of tbols~cap paper, Opened out; or it may be written upon such paper, of a stron~ tektuee. All communications ~o, and ft.(m;, the Superinte-ndent o f the Patent Oilice are free of postage; the petition to the Secretary of State~ the fees to be paid into the Treasury; and a.ll other :~mtte:'s on the subjece of patents, may be addressed, directly, :o this oit:ce; and all business relating. .t° [;atents,~e ~ m Y a ,in, ,,'enerat, be as welt do:m by writins, as by a lourney to V~;ashing~on. When models" are demanded, a reasonable time *br forwarding them, is allowed to apptiea:xts who live in remote situations, and the patent is issued, upon a bond being given providing thae the model ~hait be delivered a t the office wifl~ia a time specified. Those who are unable to obtain good drawirigs at home, may have them~executed' at WaShingtmb by persons uncnmmcted with the office, h : snme cases, a rough sketch, anti in all~ a good tnodel, will serve as a guide. Care will be taken that the charges shall he nmderate. 'FtI:)~:AS P. aos~s, 5'upJ~nlende~t.
L I S T OF A M I ~ R I O A N
PATENTS GRANTED IN SEPTE~It~Etl,
1828,
l~k~:tht~emarks and Exempkifieations by the Kditor° 1, i m p r o v e m e n t in the construction, manufacture, a n d : m a nagement of the t?obbi~Ts and F@ers fo~ spinning:cotton; Charles DanfoVth, Ramapo, Rockland county, N e w Y m . k ~ Scp'tembcr 2. As soon as some anticipated improvements are completed, tim whole will be presented to our readers. The patentee does not yet consider his system as pe~rfect~ and, theretbt% wishes the publication delayed. 2, I m p r o v e d machine for t~Fashing all kinds o f wearing apo
York, September 5 This ma
linder isfi cylinder is hatf formil tiii:~ c}'lhgl
gudgeons° slats,~ dove quarters o there liein~ sides in re Ted either from the o given~ is a ,a revoLutk wards the positio~ Ot and tigt!te 't!tiis m<~ t(t others ~
~iiacl~ine7 i .....................
340
H~:u~um,,'~"s Nocket V~¢.'e.
fixing in those siar~tmg slats, to carry tar water to eve~w >art g~f (~c machine, to serve a~s ~trenehcrs; also the ir{.~[l l.(~-{t~g}~[~g~'~,S{~,:[~ tl~e frame together2" 6. A n impr~)vement {~ the M i I ! / b r Cei~zdi~'~.g. eo~'~ or ott~er g r a m ; Reuber~ M e d l e y , BIo,)mLeld, Ni~lson c.o(mty, K~mtue;.y, S e p t e m b e r 5. [ lie mare (~bjec~.of {}~i~mver, tm~ appears to be the turmta~; c~{ bulb m~[[ st(inca in opp~)site dlrectiof~s: as thi~ i~ not m~w. the k:laim r~! the patentee mu:.~r,r'cs~ up(m the maimer of efll,cti~z thi~ ol.~ec~. 4. vertical wheel with cog tw~ vertical ~.run. dies at its upper and {m , taras them i.,~ ~q~posite directhms. Thes F t!m u p p e r aim lower ~oq'.~ "m~ ~ed. I{m manner ot a t t a c h m ; gh~ . we do nor think it necessary to -~a~: i claim as new, and as mv i~, described grist mill. is th~ us~: ~m~e. witt~ the exceptiot~ of the tw, mair~ *wheels. a~d. the wa!lower in the horse mill.'" 7. A n i m p r o v c m e a t in the l~¢itlJbr A,,'ir~di*(g (z¢2d r~a'~.vj'acl u r i n g all tcin(& o f grairt iato meal and floaz : James b m i t h , a n d W i l l i a m Sapp~ 5'iotmt Verama, Kn~)x comity, Ohi% Septemb e r 9. (See specification.)
•_~feci/icc~tio~ ~fa pate~[j?: a N~cket ~ice. (Iranledlo Lv'r~-~,:u Ht~:~r,~nwav, ~J 5~!livan. Ckeahir(: countO, 5'ew .Ha~psMre~ September 4, 18£& T u E socket vice may be made o~' any size~ accordi,ag to the use to which it is to be applied, and of metal or wood. lVher~ made to be used as a socket for awls, it should be of steei; its whole le~gtlt should be about two inches and three-f(mrths; one end, for abot*t three-iburths o f an inch, sitou|d be round, and about one-Fourth of a n i n d l in dia* m e t e r ; be~innin~ three-eigtt~s ( f an inch from the end~ t should t a )l e r slig ~'ttY to"{he e ~d, ,~mn which~ for the same disia~me, a screw .i • should be cut; it should then diminish, and agair~ increase in diameter~ in both cases slightly, at,(1 gradually; at three~iburths of an in(h from the end it is flattened abr@tty, furminga shoulder on two sides, a n d is made tapering o n t h e two e°dges to {}~e other end, where it is pointed; a hole is matte longitudinally into the round e~M, abrupt threefourths of an inch deep; it is then c,ut twice traasversely :{k'am the e n d to the bottom of the hole, dividing it into four eqtaal partsi a hollow screw or rtut, adapted to the ,.ice, is screwed upon this e n d , ~ompressing it so as to hold, firmly~ the shank of the awl; the outside
commencem and the fort
gl)ec~fication of a patent fbr an ira,prove and m~muJkctu ring all kinds oj'g.raln, ed to J ~ E s S~rrH, and W~LLIA~,~: county, Ohio, Sept 9th, 18~8. 'F~m following is a full and exact dl and operation of the improvement ml with a bray-board brid',~,'e-tr~,e llo,ld The 1 and nut li~hter ,, step, (as are already in constant use).artd rises atiove spindle (at the discretion of the consti:uet~r;)~ w~ilri,p~ head (at the like discretion) is f?~stened on the @in~l! which the spindle is turned~ by a scrap, or by g,eari mills in long and commotl use. Across tire top of parallel with the bridge-tree, are two pieces of timber the purpose of supporting tl the works above; in the eel two pieces of timber is another piece of timber ti'am~ netting the two principal pieces, in the tbrm of th centre of the last naineri connecting piece oft bush, through which the spindle exten~ls. The circular pieces, which embrace the spindle a The bush is tightened to the spindle, at plea two wedges. '~'his connecting piece, in tlie H, referred to, should be about 8 inclies s~ necting timber is a mortice about 16 inches in and 4 in depth. The spindle enters the centre n at each extreme end is a notch across the timber,~r, piece, the exact depth of the mortice, say on one si~ ~t inches wide; the above named bush is placed~i the circular ends pointing to the centre, to hug tt~ spindle; the wedges, above alluded to, are to be pla. notches, and are intended to loosen or tighten the b~ the face view of the mortice and notches, above aliu pear as in the margin, the next part of the work~' occurs in ascending, is the platforrr~ made on the t0p husk andon the connecting'timbers above named. TI!
:34~ '
Sata~H andSA.e~*s Mill f o r grinding Meat.
91e centre of this platfimn is a circular hole, cut about, or near, one~ tliird less in diameter than the stones to he used. Above the ch-culal" hole, and around, the stones should be surrounded with a hoop, irt two pieces, of sufficient size to admitthe ~running of the Stone insid% and high enough to shut up the opening between the two plattbrms. rbe m~a} spout comes out ~'r'omthe inskle of the hoop, after the usual manner. "~;he lower stone is the running stone, and is called the ~runner; i.t has an even horizontal face, except the f~rrowing, s~ch as is in other mills, arid is secured to the top of the spindle in the fo/~ towina' manner, to wit; by a driver with four wings, made of cast or wro~tght l~'on~having In'itS centre a square hote, larger at bottom than at t le to~; ~t~e toi~ of the spindle is made to fit the hot% extending throt@l; on the tol) of tiiis spindle a Screw is to be cut~ the driver ,beh~gYplaced in i'ts situation, iS screwed therei by a mlt, fixed 0a this screw, Through t ~e end ~ff each wing of the~,driver is an iror_~ screw, to work in its place in the driver~ this is put in fi'om the under side, and by the use of a wrench is to be turned: to regulate the stone by raising or lowerir~g either side, with the view to:place and keep it on a perfumerlevel on tim driver. "!:he bottom stone is fitted fo receive the driver, by letting in. Two holes are in the driver, in ~he wb~gsb at opposite sides; the indentations or cuts of the driver are large eriough to admit the heads of screws of sizes suited to the si~;e of the stones. The screws being inserted head-~brem(~st in tim stone, art secured there by pouring in melted lead or pewter, tt ~s leavln~..~ the~.,.:p°ints outwards,. The ~stone..is placed. . on t.~e driver~, • . tte points o~ said screws, through the sald wings, m opposite s~tuatmns, are secured by nuts, which effectually fiisten the stone to the driver£ ~hlCh~emains fh'~n; and free from wabbling, t h e secon~l platform i~ raised 5y a,Stron~ t)ame o n t h e two piece~ O~ timber beibre mentioned,: the heigiit of ~hich must be regulated according to the thidkhess of the stones. [iris plattin'm si{euld be composed of one solid and thick piece of timber, ~kstened to said frame-work below, and cxtendb~g up tt~rough said platfbrm, with nuts at each end &said ptat-. form~ at each end also is a screw through the said top, and their points rest on ~he ti'ame, or block, of the uptlight of the plattbrm. Tiffs gives ~he means of raising or lowering the plattbrm with the upper, and stationary stone, I lns stationary stone should be let three inches into the:piece:of timber that for[Jig the upper platform, a n d b e wedged lhSt and Nrther secured b,y means of screws fastened into the. stones as ~|escribed abo~e,, exte~dmg upwards through the platform, andthen secured bynutS. "the frame to support the hopl~er , t6gefl:;ee with tae hopper, sboe~ damsel~ or teeder, are tormed and s~:taa:ted as m other mills in common and long use, arid at tire pleasure of the coustrttctor. 1[he damsel or feedm~ rod, extends through t h e centre of the said second pia~Nnn, and stationary stonei.aiid throug~h a hole about; one and three-quarters of an inch in diamet6r~ and is tkstcned at-tim tbot in the centre of the runner, by makin~:a small hole, say one inch il~ diameter, and three inches deetb titled:with firm alid stron, + ~,~Od.:.a piece ot hardened steel, square~ but smatl at each end, and
TliIs machine, fbr whidl W e cl~ o.peration oft)lanting, is placed m constructton to .that of a wheel frame is five feet, including the h; and fl~ewheel t~,er~ty-one inches is like Nat of a common wheel is a wtfirt turned on theaxle, of of regulating the movements of cord or a strap,passes, There nine, fi:Orn the.centre of the axk,
~44
Ro~m~s" Machine jbv planlh~g A~eed.
cross piece, to 0~e centre o! the under side of the first, a piec% or perch, of wood, in a square form, passesi giving an inclined pitch of about five inches forward, to the same. This perch is secured t,~ the cross pieces, at each end~ by a bolt, screw, and nut; fl'om this perch, two standards ()r ])os,'.c~ arise, seven inches in heightl on the rst, immediately under ~i cross piece, hereafter described, is placed a shieve or pulley b!oek, of diili:rent diameters~ against which tl~e cord or strap passes, in order that it should not chafe against the wheel,and to give ease to the motions of the other parts of th!-machine; the standards are united at the top by a cross piece, under ~-hich cross piece are two short knobs pressin~ upon the parts or boxes underneath; under this cross piece~ and resting upon a short post or stand° ard, which beneath rests oa the perch, and 'also on the perch itselt; is p(aced the improvement or invention ~flaimed. The first thing to be }Loticed is, a dvcular box of the capacity of a half-gallon, more or less, resting in part upon the short post or standard, on the perch befl~re described, and o-n am)ther cite[flat box placed directly ;r~ the perch below. The first box is perforated at top[br the admission of a funnel, through which the seed is deposited in this box; and there is a circular plate of tin near il. capable of being turned, to close the aperture, when the funnel is removed, This box can be made of wood, tin, or sheetiron, or parts of either. There is a communication between, this box, and the one directly beneath, by means of a square orifice, at the inclined end of tim box, guarded by a tip made of tin, to prevent the too fi'ee admission of seed. fl-om the upper to the lower box. The lower box is five or six inches in din. meter, and two and three-quarters deep. In this box is a circular plate~ of wood or iron, to fit exactly in the b~x. The thickness' of the plate, together with the diameter of the holes, regulates the quantity or number of seeds to be planted at one time.- This circular pla[e is erlbrated with holes equi-distant from each other, and equi-distant om the circunfl~renee. This circular plate revolves round a spindie of sufficient length, to reach through the perch, the two boxes above, and the shieve, andabout a quarter of an inch above the shieve, where it enters the cross piece, leading from the two upright posts, before described. On t,fis spindle, immediately above the upper surfilee of the bottom of the, lower box, is a shoulder, whereon the circular plate before described rests, and performs its revolutions. This spindle diameter about a quar hollow of the cy|inde~ of this cylinder througl~ it passes, is sheathed w box, an orifice directly tile shaft is twenty in penetrates the earth, angular form, the apex penetrate the earth to and bottom, about thr ~he seed passes, and is
AUSTIN H, ROBBI~s.
LEvx Ito~n~s~ Jr. i
Remarks by the Edilor.~The tbregoing machine has b e e a i ~ time in operation, and has been found tO answer th¢: iaf~iided!!i pose in tile most perfect manner. An intelii~enigeufie!ia~ ~i:~:i; skies in the neighbout;hood of the patentees, writes thas~;!!*, be no difficulty in the :application of this maeMtmt6 tii'e O|a~n~i' any kind o f seeds, and any number of them at a!tlme~ and:at airy~ reqmred mstance~ as fast as a ma~~ can walk:, When the rows are set four feet apart oae wav~ and eb~hteea no difficulty, norms it a VetCyhard d~"ay's~ acres, aiter the gi'ound ~s properl) prepar. T o the cotton planter, this m~chir~e v particularly beneficial, not only as regarl also in the perfect regular'fry with which In applyin~ it to this~use, it will, probabl tion of the"spring, or~ account of the fibr. seeds; this, we arc convir~ced can be ma( Onthe next page are the drawings arid specification. "VOL, l~'[.-~-*NO, 5.~-'~NovI:~MBEII, 18£8,
4~
t~()BB[N8 PI<,AN~fING2~IAOI-IINN,
A, the fl-ameo " B, the whirl on ihe wheel, theinctined p~r(%o ' D D , standards or posts. g ii;, shieves orpullies. F, short post or supporL G, the upper bow i~ato Which ~lte s e e d is put. I[~ ooeld~o" i~*the too of ~, ~e uoper box°
• C,
K~ sqt,.are orifice . . . . - ,eg~.mrdof {ira. 1-,. side vaew o~ t~e tqq)cc box, M. a q}rmg; whicl~ {i.)rces ou~ elm see<] to be sowm N~ lower box° O, hollow c?/ii~der at~aeDed to P. the lower plate. Q~ lower si(m of lower b o y N. hollow shaft through which the seed passes into the ground; S~ sheathing of iron~ ov s{eeIo ,
.
-
@e@%cdio~ q[ ¢ Fgete~ i~." a M~eh';~ejbr Planting Grain a~d other eeds. Grcm[ed go (}aso~ ~'~'ram~ q/' )?ichmond; Onlario county~ 2Yew .Yoda Jh~g"~a~ £ ~ 1828. A t~ox~ o r .~)>'.<, o f a suitable ,~'~ze~is provided tbr holding the seed to be pl~m*~;(L " Tibia is to b(~ lirmty •fixed upon a earriage~ or bench, framed to;.~e~or .rot that l:>~.~rpose. 'finis carriage has handles like the ooimmm pk~%gl, aad is fun'hi;beG or~ the fore par~ with aiix
% ~ ~ : : , : r ~ : : , < ~: ~7 ~' 2 ~.,, ~ ~, ~) .
~ Bi:the Cei~tr6;or pl~@~ D , the shovei~:
:
.
.
whe.et.
.
~:!~!i!!~!i!
348
TALBoTes :Mode o f P~;opelling )Vessels,, ]'~g, e a S~itlan ( f the boz and plantbw wheel
F,~ E, E~ E, the valves hollowed to receive and dr0p:the seeds, F, F, sp,,~rino's to force the valves out, : G~ G, leatht;r straps passing rolll~d slo{s or cleets~ arid against which the valves work,
Spec~cation of a patent for an improvement in lhe mode of.propeL ; l i n g Vessels upon the water, and carriages upon the land, by the : :comb!ned action of Steam and the pressm;eof the dtmosphere, zoith' oui lhe use of Paxtdle ~IZt~eels.: Granted~ in pursuanee oJ'a special act of Congress, passed May 24, 1.828, to EDwaiu) ALLENTAL~OT~ of D~&lin, in the kingdom of Ireland, but nozo residing in the 55tired States. Patent issued~ June ~1~ 180.8. IT is well known, at least to the scientific engineer, tha~: bythe use of paddle wheels, ordinarily applied to the propelling of boatS" and other vessels, there . . . . . ' ". . . . fi'om the construction o the nature of the fluid u to tl~e facility of displac a sufficient resistance fi resort to tim use6f pad from 16 to ~4 feet. invention is, therefore~ i tion of a resisting powe thus preclude the 'n~chss instrument or apparattis To,efthct tMs purpose, I use (in the absen'c~' of any cheaper'or more efficient power') asteam engi~;e of any description.giving, however, a pi,eference to the Boulton and Watffs tow pressure engine' I sliall; therefore, confine myself~ in this specifica-tion, to the action of
to ;
be~ wi~ in b6 at
~dit tio~ pol
ou.t ml]
ste wo
the sql t~e for
W a t t , will be found equiva]~,~t, ~o the work of 14~ hn~'~e,~j ore ~l other words; the boat will be prelims'liedby a crc'ss~-esunon tand~ as to vease|Sln the water. It is not, therefi)re, any lnm,opoly in the use of t h e s t e a m engine separate from this inve~,fien, that 1 seek. B is the applie~tio,z, @'the pressure of the atmo,~phere as a resis~,ing mediton, through the i~stl'umentality of which t can, by the aid of a steam engine connected with my atm(mpheric cylinders in the manner here descr bed, propel vessels or carriages of any description, without~ a s it regards the •
"
o ~ C )
'
,
t~rmer, allowing any part of the machinery to ae~ upon the water ag a re$1sting medium, or as it respects the h;,tter, being o b l i g e d t o re-
r~
;?
-
.[ ALBO'r S 2~[Ode
sort
~o
E. F No. 1.
~)~emar]~sby the ~dilor.~Agreeably to the pc,Jmise ~'~4 August nmnber of this Jourl~al, we have given the specifi l a l b o t , e:gm~, w]& the tequ:site drawing. :The pa~ evidently a gentleman of much inteliigeuee and. sdien;% course, has tl;e Nllest confidence in the correctness Of the[~ upon which his machine is inte~ded to act. Se~erai gentl Washington~ wh% deservedly, rank high in the scientific wo~ entertained opinim~s res,ectin,,' it, suilicientlve titvourable, m r D experiment to be made; we were noa presen;, and of t|~e r are not particularly informed; we m~ders*and, howewe patentee is about to try the thi~g on a large scale. We have endeavoured to discover in tf~e arrann ~ e l n e l l some efficient power to propel a boat or carnage, bt the inquiry has been instituteG with an uafeigned ~l~fcr opinions of some of the ~s'entlemen above referred t~)~it yam. We are stiil entirely m the dark, and readyto subn ly~ to the imputation of stupidity~ whenever, by means paratus, a boat shatl have been made '~o tra~ei a' mile, in .
3
Information to Persons ai!plylng jbr Patents, or ~ransacting o~her business at the Patent O~eeo, •
I')EPART~IENT OF STATI*--PATENT
O]~':¢tCE.
T h e Acts of" Congress which relate particularly to the granting of :Patents for inventions and improvements~ are two ~r~ number~ tile first was passed February ~lst, 1793~ and tile second~ on the 17th of
pru,
8oo.
l'he persons who have a right to take out patents, are all citizens of the United States; and aliens wire have resided ti~crein for two years. In other cases they can be obtained only by a special act: of the national legislature. Joint inventors may take oat a j6int patent~ and where~two or more }ersons have concurred in perfectin ; any invention or disg should . . . . . .a. i.so concur m • eovery,,t-.it wouhl ,seem neeessar.~y that tlley,' taking out a patent, as neither of them can justly clmra to be the sole inventor. ~ : In case of the decease of an inventor, who has not taken out a patent, fin" his invention,, it may .be obtained by "tile leiral¢ represeno tatlves of such person, m truM; tor the heirs at law of the deceased~ in case he shall have died intestate~ but if otherwis% then in trust for his devisees." '~ And when application fbr a patent shall be made by such legal representatives, the oath, or affirmation," &e. ~ shall be so .varied as to be .applicable to them." (Act. of 1800, sec. ~o) "Ihe term for which a patent is granted, ~s fourteen years: a patent cannot be renewed at the expiration of this fermi excepting by a ,Special act of Congress, T h e things for which a pate n~ m a y be obtained, a r e ~ " any new and useful art, machine, nla~:~facture, or Composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement on a n y art, maehine~ manufac. ture, or composition of matter, not known or used before the application." (Act of t795, sec. t.) The thing patented must be new. " E v e r y inventor befi)re he Can receive a patent, shall swear, or affirm, that he does verily believe that he is the true inventor, or discoverer of the art, machin% or ira: rOVement, for which he solicits a patent." (Act of 1793, sec. g.) the case of a resident alien, it is required, that he declare on oath, or affirmation, in addition to what is required from a citizen, ~ that the same hath not, to the best of his or her knowledge orbelii~:b~en ,
:
coverer,'? provided the thing has " b e e n known~:0~ ~Sed, in this or any tbreign country." ltNG, ~O]K A PATIENT,
he method of ap p 1ying fo r a pa t ent is:by ......... pe~ition~ ad d re ~ ed~t ; lh~ SzCretary of State, which is a~ually i n tt~e'following foetal
7~
[tt ha
go, 1,rig ~mo your ~etttzoner~
full and exclusive right, of t'o others to be used, his's, manufacture, or compositi, Congress in such case ma& thirty dollars into the treas~ other provisions of the sale ;/ • ~i:~
THE
DESORJ[~'TLON OR SPEOIFIfJATION.
Accompanying the petition there m~st be a detcription~ or, as i t~i, usually terrhed,'a specification of the thing intended tO be p~t;en~e~d:~ the words of the la~, are as tbllows, ,' and shall deilve~ a W~ii*~ de~ scription of his invention, and of the manner of using, or process of coml)ounding the same, in such full, clear, and exact terms, as to distinguish the same from all other things betbre known~ and to enable any person skilled in the art or science of which it is a branch, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make, compound~ and use the same. And in the case of any machine~ he shaii fully exlain the principle, and the several modes in which he has contem plated the application of that principle, or character, by which it may be distinguished from other inventions." (Act of 17§3, sec. $.) The followin~ form may be used for the preamble Of tile desc'ri tion~ or specific~ation: P To all to whom these presents shall come: .Be it known, that I, C. D. of - - ~ in ~the county of ~ , and state of ~ have invented a new and usefzd improvement in [the machine for cutting and heading nails at one operation,] and that the following is a full and exact description of the eonstr(~etio~ and operation of the said maehine~ as invented or improved by me. Here follows the description of" the art~ machiae~manufacture~ 6¢ composition of matter." It is scarcely necessary to observe, that the phraseology of the specification must be such as to correspomtwith the nature of the thing patented~ whether it be an art~ m~cltlhe~ or eompositlon of matter; bywhich last term is intended~ what is Usuall~ called a compound~ the i:eclpe for which is to be given:in the speei~. cation. The necessity of the most particular attention tothe requirements Gfthelaw, in drawing up the speeifieation~cannot be too forcibly urged Ulna those who appl'y for patents~ h number o~" tho~i~which have
334
, [ n j o r m a t i o n to afil)deanLs./or t-'a~ents°
undergone judicial investigation, have bee~ vacated i~ com~%uence of some defect in the matter or fin'm of this i~stvoment: it is, in Ihct~ upon the averments nf the specificatimt that the validi!~y of the patent must, in almost every instance~ be decided. M a n y s p e c i S c a . lions which are deposited ia this o([ic% evhlce not o~@ a~ iZ~orance of" the laws r,,~;uiatitl~ the gIa~ling ~.q'p~dcnIs~ a~d ~im'(ieci~mm~ which have takell t;ht.ce uE';der (hem~ t;ut; albo ~nanil;est a d~'.iicicmcv of that iomwlcd~e in mechaifics, and the a~'ts, v, ific:h is ncc~':~aavv t~ an accurate and ~:lear d~:~crii)~i~m t~t a ma~:hil~¢, ~)v t~l-~:es~, aw.t v~i~hout which a patent must be evidentlyinsecuv% atl~ha~, can be ~mw ottiwed, are a few dh'cctitlns embracing those poi~l(s which appear to be of the most importance. A patent is to be c(msidered as a c~mtract betwee~ the paten!e% and the public: tim fm'me~' is to make known infidl, decor, a?~d eceaet terms,..the'nature, of his• inwmtior b . .°r.disc°very" . so~ as. to. e~nflfle;, at)erson skdled m the art, lo prachse~t, Irom th~s deser~pbo~: the latter, on condition of this bein~ done~ secures to (Ira paten!e% the exclusive right to use aml disi;ose of his invention ov discover)) for tim term of fi)urteen years, in considel'ali(m of which it is after'wards to become, lmblic t.)r°perty . . . . The . . . m'c(.~s~dtv,~ therefore, . . .of .observin~ the following .rules' wdl be, al)paren k. . , . In makzng the desemption , no part q¢ eke invengton m~y be omie!ed, the whole must be described. The whole process is 1o be 9nade known; a le.~.,~'pe@:,ct mode of proceeding must ,cot be in.verged whilst a vzore tic,feet one is known to~ and practised by, the patentee. It is not sufficient, that the whole machine, proeess, or compow~d be given; if there be added any part, or ingredient, ealcuiaged to d@at the process, and intended to [teeeiee the public, the patent is not good, No more must be claimed in the patent, than what is new~ and is the invention, or discovery~ of the ?a~er~tee. M a n y patents have been vacated, in conseqnence of inatte~tion to this last rule. ~[n the specification Vc is i!evtEclly proper to describe an entire machine, atthouga most par{s oi it mag have ]:)eer~ long known and used, as, otherwise, it may be dii~ic~fl) to make known the improvements; but after doing this, U~e patentee should distinctly set forth what he claims as new; and this is best done in a separate aragraph, at the end of the specification~ which may commence in a rm something like the tbllowing: FVhat I claim as new, and as fny own invention or diseovery~ in the above described machine. [avh' mamffacb.n-e, or compositi('m of matter,J and jbr the use of which ] ask an exclusive privilqg'e~ is. 4"c. ere. Where the machine or instrument is old, but is applied to an en-. firely new purpose, this fact must be stated~ as the palest in tiffs case cannot be fbr the instrument, but musg be for the application of it only. W h e r e a patent is take~ tbr a~ improvement upon a machine preo Viously patented by some other person, the right to use the original
inventiort n: the improve '~ d a d be
e .)re ted an process of ed.. and sha no~ be at liberty to make use of, o~' venG the or gi~al discovery, nor shall the first it]ventor be at liberty to ~.~se the improvement: and it is hereby enacted ami declared that simply changing the form or proportions of "my machine, (w comp~.)sitim " ...... ". . . . shall not be deemedadiscovervd ~ ( A c t o W h e n au inveator obtains ~parent for article previously patented by himselg, the (a machine tbr example) wilt become pu/)l fin" which the lh'sc patem: was taken, 'rbe the elti.~ct of rnnawino, ih~, m'h,'dlml , ' r n n r 3 of
fiot~
app County o '
Stare o f ' - - - - - , 5 On ~his --
- dW ( ! j ' - - . 18--. oeibre the s*~bseNber, a justice tlze ~eace, in and, br the said coeengv, personalhl al~;eared the ~dbre. reed C. D° a~zd ';nade ,~ogcmn oa[/, ior attbl~at~on] accordi,~g to bzzo, that he veri/g bdievea hima~ (f to be lhe true and original in. venlor, or diacoverer, o)j"the. 9nachine (a~'t, invetltion~ or im [)rovement~ compost*ion of matter, etc.) above spec'gied and describedjbr ~eutting and heading ~mils at our operation;ij and that he is a citizen of the Ungled Stages. * - - -- -, JUst. Peaceo it: not a citizen %r citizens,)to the oath or aflbmation that he verio ty believes bimsdfto be the h'ue a~d original iaveutor or discoverer of the machine, etc., me fotiowi* G addition mus~ be made; "'and that the same hath ~ot, ~o lhe he,t qf hia []orber]] knowledge or be. lie.i; beer, known or t~aed either in this or ~n any foreign country: and Zhat he lay she] h,6~ redded in ~/ze Uhi~ed 5'talcs /br two years."
Every app!ic~,tioa t\;r a pnient will thu.~ cm~sist o}" three distinct insu'umei~ts of writing: the petkicm,,, the specification,. . and the oath, or afl:u'mattom ~ ~e t)et~t*ot~ o%,ht to state m clear, but :concise terms, t-m nature, or obiect of {-be hnprovement, &c. for which a ~)atent is claimed: h~ tl~e speciticatk)n the inventiOn or discovery ,~houhl be fully attd compl&ety described~ and this, in its wolds a~td tefior, shoul4 agree with {/~e object concisely stated in the petition; and the oath or ailh'mati(m cmgh~ also to correspond wtth the preceding instruments.
336
Informatio~ to al)])licants f o r Patents. OF DIt.AWINGS, MODELS, AND BPECIM~NS OF I N G R E D I E N T S ,
The law declares that tile patentee ~ shall accompany the whoIe with drawhlgs, and written reierences, where the nature of the case admits of drawings." (Act of t795, sec. 3.) Great difficulty has been sometimes experierlced in preparing specitications, from a prevailing idea, that it is necessary to describe a machine in words, without any refe,'ence being made to tile drawing, in the body of the instrument. Neither tile words of the law~ or the practice of the office, lend any aid to this opinion. References to the drawing may be made throughout, aml in most instances the description may be much short° ened by so doing; observing that whenever references to the drawings are made in the specification, two copies of these drawings must be forwarded, one of which will be returned, attached to the patent, and the other retained in this otfice. The drawings ought, in general, to be in perspective; and these should be accompanied by representations in section, or in detail~ of such parts as may not otherwise be clearly understood. They shouhl be well execated, and rarely need exceed the size of a page of letter paper. A model will, hereafter, be required in all cases where it is believed that the nature of the machine will be more clearly shown by it, than by drawings alone. The law says, " a n d such inventor shall moreover deliver a model of his machine, provided the Secretary shall deem such model to be necessary." (Act of 1793, see. S.) These models shouhl be neatly made, and as small as a distinct representation will a d mit; they ought to have a permanent label affixed to them, by engraving, painting, or otherwise. They will be carefully kept, tbr the advantage of the patentee, and the information of the public. When the invention is a composition of matter, the law requires that specimens of the ingredients shall be deposited: tile words are, ~' or with st)ecimens (if"the ingredients, and of the composition of matter, sutlicient in quantity fi)r the purpose of experiment, where the invention is a composition of matter." (Act of 1793, sec..3.) OF I N T E R F E R I N G APPLICATIONS,
Requests are fi'equently sent to this ottice, that patents may not be granted, or that, in certain cases, they may be delayed; these requests are fimnded in a very prevailing, but erroneous opinion, that there is _such a judicial or discretionary ))ower, vested in this departm e n t . In the United States, the patent is a constitutional right, which the citizen, or tile qualified alien, may demand, and which the officers of government have no power to withhold. Should a patent issue to an individual to-day, another person who shall have complied with all tile requirements of the law, may to-morrow, obtain a patent tbr the same tiling. The validity, in either case, is a question tbr a court and jury to decide° The patent secures to the patentee, the exclusive right to his own invention, or discovery; but it conferz no right to the thing patented, where he is unable to sun-
838
~qmerican t atents jo'r 5eplember~ wilh Remarks,
inlbrm hi,n~ shoahl a similar application be made. This, however~ is not to be expected, excepting ia recent cases, as such descriptions are not recorded, and the number on file:renders a geneva[ examination impracticable. T R A N S F E R Ot~ A P A T E N T E E ? S R I G H T *
An inventor may transfer his right before a patent has issued, and theassisnee may take out a natent; or he may obtain his patent, and afterwards assign i t . the asstgnment~ m mtlmr case, must be re~ corded in the IXatent Office (Act of 1793, see. 4.) 3:hose applicants ['or patents who are desirohs of having them issue immediately, may have this done by sending o n t w o complete sets of papers, neat/~; written; in this case, one coov of tim specificatioa shouht be upon parchmel~t, of the size of tbols~cap paper, Opened out; or it may be written upon such paper, of a stron~ tektuee. All communications ~o, and ft.(m;, the Superinte-ndent o f the Patent Oilice are free of postage; the petition to the Secretary of State~ the fees to be paid into the Treasury; and a.ll other :~mtte:'s on the subjece of patents, may be addressed, directly, :o this oit:ce; and all business relating. .t° [;atents,~e ~ m Y a ,in, ,,'enerat, be as welt do:m by writins, as by a lourney to V~;ashing~on. When models" are demanded, a reasonable time *br forwarding them, is allowed to apptiea:xts who live in remote situations, and the patent is issued, upon a bond being given providing thae the model ~hait be delivered a t the office wifl~ia a time specified. Those who are unable to obtain good drawirigs at home, may have them~executed' at WaShingtmb by persons uncnmmcted with the office, h : snme cases, a rough sketch, anti in all~ a good tnodel, will serve as a guide. Care will be taken that the charges shall he nmderate. 'FtI:)~:AS P. aos~s, 5'upJ~nlende~t.
L I S T OF A M I ~ R I O A N
PATENTS GRANTED IN SEPTE~It~Etl,
1828,
l~k~:tht~emarks and Exempkifieations by the Kditor° 1, i m p r o v e m e n t in the construction, manufacture, a n d : m a nagement of the t?obbi~Ts and F@ers fo~ spinning:cotton; Charles DanfoVth, Ramapo, Rockland county, N e w Y m . k ~ Scp'tembcr 2. As soon as some anticipated improvements are completed, tim whole will be presented to our readers. The patentee does not yet consider his system as pe~rfect~ and, theretbt% wishes the publication delayed. 2, I m p r o v e d machine for t~Fashing all kinds o f wearing apo
York, September 5 This ma
linder isfi cylinder is hatf formil tiii:~ c}'lhgl
gudgeons° slats,~ dove quarters o there liein~ sides in re Ted either from the o given~ is a ,a revoLutk wards the positio~ Ot and tigt!te 't!tiis m<~ t(t others ~
~iiacl~ine7 i .....................
340
H~:u~um,,'~"s Nocket V~¢.'e.
fixing in those siar~tmg slats, to carry tar water to eve~w >art g~f (~c machine, to serve a~s ~trenehcrs; also the ir{.~[l l.(~-{t~g}~[~g~'~,S{~,:[~ tl~e frame together2" 6. A n impr~)vement {~ the M i I ! / b r Cei~zdi~'~.g. eo~'~ or ott~er g r a m ; Reuber~ M e d l e y , BIo,)mLeld, Ni~lson c.o(mty, K~mtue;.y, S e p t e m b e r 5. [ lie mare (~bjec~.of {}~i~mver, tm~ appears to be the turmta~; c~{ bulb m~[[ st(inca in opp~)site dlrectiof~s: as thi~ i~ not m~w. the k:laim r~! the patentee mu:.~r,r'cs~ up(m the maimer of efll,cti~z thi~ ol.~ec~. 4. vertical wheel with cog tw~ vertical ~.run. dies at its upper and {m , taras them i.,~ ~q~posite directhms. Thes F t!m u p p e r aim lower ~oq'.~ "m~ ~ed. I{m manner ot a t t a c h m ; gh~ . we do nor think it necessary to -~a~: i claim as new, and as mv i~, described grist mill. is th~ us~: ~m~e. witt~ the exceptiot~ of the tw, mair~ *wheels. a~d. the wa!lower in the horse mill.'" 7. A n i m p r o v c m e a t in the l~¢itlJbr A,,'ir~di*(g (z¢2d r~a'~.vj'acl u r i n g all tcin(& o f grairt iato meal and floaz : James b m i t h , a n d W i l l i a m Sapp~ 5'iotmt Verama, Kn~)x comity, Ohi% Septemb e r 9. (See specification.)
•_~feci/icc~tio~ ~fa pate~[j?: a N~cket ~ice. (Iranledlo Lv'r~-~,:u Ht~:~r,~nwav, ~J 5~!livan. Ckeahir(: countO, 5'ew .Ha~psMre~ September 4, 18£& T u E socket vice may be made o~' any size~ accordi,ag to the use to which it is to be applied, and of metal or wood. lVher~ made to be used as a socket for awls, it should be of steei; its whole le~gtlt should be about two inches and three-f(mrths; one end, for abot*t three-iburths o f an inch, sitou|d be round, and about one-Fourth of a n i n d l in dia* m e t e r ; be~innin~ three-eigtt~s ( f an inch from the end~ t should t a )l e r slig ~'ttY to"{he e ~d, ,~mn which~ for the same disia~me, a screw .i • should be cut; it should then diminish, and agair~ increase in diameter~ in both cases slightly, at,(1 gradually; at three~iburths of an in(h from the end it is flattened abr@tty, furminga shoulder on two sides, a n d is made tapering o n t h e two e°dges to {}~e other end, where it is pointed; a hole is matte longitudinally into the round e~M, abrupt threefourths of an inch deep; it is then c,ut twice traasversely :{k'am the e n d to the bottom of the hole, dividing it into four eqtaal partsi a hollow screw or rtut, adapted to the ,.ice, is screwed upon this e n d , ~ompressing it so as to hold, firmly~ the shank of the awl; the outside
commencem and the fort
gl)ec~fication of a patent fbr an ira,prove and m~muJkctu ring all kinds oj'g.raln, ed to J ~ E s S~rrH, and W~LLIA~,~: county, Ohio, Sept 9th, 18~8. 'F~m following is a full and exact dl and operation of the improvement ml with a bray-board brid',~,'e-tr~,e llo,ld The 1 and nut li~hter ,, step, (as are already in constant use).artd rises atiove spindle (at the discretion of the consti:uet~r;)~ w~ilri,p~ head (at the like discretion) is f?~stened on the @in~l! which the spindle is turned~ by a scrap, or by g,eari mills in long and commotl use. Across tire top of parallel with the bridge-tree, are two pieces of timber the purpose of supporting tl the works above; in the eel two pieces of timber is another piece of timber ti'am~ netting the two principal pieces, in the tbrm of th centre of the last naineri connecting piece oft bush, through which the spindle exten~ls. The circular pieces, which embrace the spindle a The bush is tightened to the spindle, at plea two wedges. '~'his connecting piece, in tlie H, referred to, should be about 8 inclies s~ necting timber is a mortice about 16 inches in and 4 in depth. The spindle enters the centre n at each extreme end is a notch across the timber,~r, piece, the exact depth of the mortice, say on one si~ ~t inches wide; the above named bush is placed~i the circular ends pointing to the centre, to hug tt~ spindle; the wedges, above alluded to, are to be pla. notches, and are intended to loosen or tighten the b~ the face view of the mortice and notches, above aliu pear as in the margin, the next part of the work~' occurs in ascending, is the platforrr~ made on the t0p husk andon the connecting'timbers above named. TI!
:34~ '
Sata~H andSA.e~*s Mill f o r grinding Meat.
91e centre of this platfimn is a circular hole, cut about, or near, one~ tliird less in diameter than the stones to he used. Above the ch-culal" hole, and around, the stones should be surrounded with a hoop, irt two pieces, of sufficient size to admitthe ~running of the Stone insid% and high enough to shut up the opening between the two plattbrms. rbe m~a} spout comes out ~'r'omthe inskle of the hoop, after the usual manner. "~;he lower stone is the running stone, and is called the ~runner; i.t has an even horizontal face, except the f~rrowing, s~ch as is in other mills, arid is secured to the top of the spindle in the fo/~ towina' manner, to wit; by a driver with four wings, made of cast or wro~tght l~'on~having In'itS centre a square hote, larger at bottom than at t le to~; ~t~e toi~ of the spindle is made to fit the hot% extending throt@l; on the tol) of tiiis spindle a Screw is to be cut~ the driver ,beh~gYplaced in i'ts situation, iS screwed therei by a mlt, fixed 0a this screw, Through t ~e end ~ff each wing of the~,driver is an iror_~ screw, to work in its place in the driver~ this is put in fi'om the under side, and by the use of a wrench is to be turned: to regulate the stone by raising or lowerir~g either side, with the view to:place and keep it on a perfumerlevel on tim driver. "!:he bottom stone is fitted fo receive the driver, by letting in. Two holes are in the driver, in ~he wb~gsb at opposite sides; the indentations or cuts of the driver are large eriough to admit the heads of screws of sizes suited to the si~;e of the stones. The screws being inserted head-~brem(~st in tim stone, art secured there by pouring in melted lead or pewter, tt ~s leavln~..~ the~.,.:p°ints outwards,. The ~stone..is placed. . on t.~e driver~, • . tte points o~ said screws, through the sald wings, m opposite s~tuatmns, are secured by nuts, which effectually fiisten the stone to the driver£ ~hlCh~emains fh'~n; and free from wabbling, t h e secon~l platform i~ raised 5y a,Stron~ t)ame o n t h e two piece~ O~ timber beibre mentioned,: the heigiit of ~hich must be regulated according to the thidkhess of the stones. [iris plattin'm si{euld be composed of one solid and thick piece of timber, ~kstened to said frame-work below, and cxtendb~g up tt~rough said platfbrm, with nuts at each end &said ptat-. form~ at each end also is a screw through the said top, and their points rest on ~he ti'ame, or block, of the uptlight of the plattbrm. Tiffs gives ~he means of raising or lowering the plattbrm with the upper, and stationary stone, I lns stationary stone should be let three inches into the:piece:of timber that for[Jig the upper platform, a n d b e wedged lhSt and Nrther secured b,y means of screws fastened into the. stones as ~|escribed abo~e,, exte~dmg upwards through the platform, andthen secured bynutS. "the frame to support the hopl~er , t6gefl:;ee with tae hopper, sboe~ damsel~ or teeder, are tormed and s~:taa:ted as m other mills in common and long use, arid at tire pleasure of the coustrttctor. 1[he damsel or feedm~ rod, extends through t h e centre of the said second pia~Nnn, and stationary stonei.aiid throug~h a hole about; one and three-quarters of an inch in diamet6r~ and is tkstcned at-tim tbot in the centre of the runner, by makin~:a small hole, say one inch il~ diameter, and three inches deetb titled:with firm alid stron, + ~,~Od.:.a piece ot hardened steel, square~ but smatl at each end, and
TliIs machine, fbr whidl W e cl~ o.peration oft)lanting, is placed m constructton to .that of a wheel frame is five feet, including the h; and fl~ewheel t~,er~ty-one inches is like Nat of a common wheel is a wtfirt turned on theaxle, of of regulating the movements of cord or a strap,passes, There nine, fi:Orn the.centre of the axk,
~44
Ro~m~s" Machine jbv planlh~g A~eed.
cross piece, to 0~e centre o! the under side of the first, a piec% or perch, of wood, in a square form, passesi giving an inclined pitch of about five inches forward, to the same. This perch is secured t,~ the cross pieces, at each end~ by a bolt, screw, and nut; fl'om this perch, two standards ()r ])os,'.c~ arise, seven inches in heightl on the rst, immediately under ~i cross piece, hereafter described, is placed a shieve or pulley b!oek, of diili:rent diameters~ against which tl~e cord or strap passes, in order that it should not chafe against the wheel,and to give ease to the motions of the other parts of th!-machine; the standards are united at the top by a cross piece, under ~-hich cross piece are two short knobs pressin~ upon the parts or boxes underneath; under this cross piece~ and resting upon a short post or stand° ard, which beneath rests oa the perch, and 'also on the perch itselt; is p(aced the improvement or invention ~flaimed. The first thing to be }Loticed is, a dvcular box of the capacity of a half-gallon, more or less, resting in part upon the short post or standard, on the perch befl~re described, and o-n am)ther cite[flat box placed directly ;r~ the perch below. The first box is perforated at top[br the admission of a funnel, through which the seed is deposited in this box; and there is a circular plate of tin near il. capable of being turned, to close the aperture, when the funnel is removed, This box can be made of wood, tin, or sheetiron, or parts of either. There is a communication between, this box, and the one directly beneath, by means of a square orifice, at the inclined end of tim box, guarded by a tip made of tin, to prevent the too fi'ee admission of seed. fl-om the upper to the lower box. The lower box is five or six inches in din. meter, and two and three-quarters deep. In this box is a circular plate~ of wood or iron, to fit exactly in the b~x. The thickness' of the plate, together with the diameter of the holes, regulates the quantity or number of seeds to be planted at one time.- This circular pla[e is erlbrated with holes equi-distant from each other, and equi-distant om the circunfl~renee. This circular plate revolves round a spindie of sufficient length, to reach through the perch, the two boxes above, and the shieve, andabout a quarter of an inch above the shieve, where it enters the cross piece, leading from the two upright posts, before described. On t,fis spindle, immediately above the upper surfilee of the bottom of the, lower box, is a shoulder, whereon the circular plate before described rests, and performs its revolutions. This spindle diameter about a quar hollow of the cy|inde~ of this cylinder througl~ it passes, is sheathed w box, an orifice directly tile shaft is twenty in penetrates the earth, angular form, the apex penetrate the earth to and bottom, about thr ~he seed passes, and is
AUSTIN H, ROBBI~s.
LEvx Ito~n~s~ Jr. i
Remarks by the Edilor.~The tbregoing machine has b e e a i ~ time in operation, and has been found tO answer th¢: iaf~iided!!i pose in tile most perfect manner. An intelii~enigeufie!ia~ ~i:~:i; skies in the neighbout;hood of the patentees, writes thas~;!!*, be no difficulty in the :application of this maeMtmt6 tii'e O|a~n~i' any kind o f seeds, and any number of them at a!tlme~ and:at airy~ reqmred mstance~ as fast as a ma~~ can walk:, When the rows are set four feet apart oae wav~ and eb~hteea no difficulty, norms it a VetCyhard d~"ay's~ acres, aiter the gi'ound ~s properl) prepar. T o the cotton planter, this m~chir~e v particularly beneficial, not only as regarl also in the perfect regular'fry with which In applyin~ it to this~use, it will, probabl tion of the"spring, or~ account of the fibr. seeds; this, we arc convir~ced can be ma( Onthe next page are the drawings arid specification. "VOL, l~'[.-~-*NO, 5.~-'~NovI:~MBEII, 18£8,
4~
t~()BB[N8 PI<,AN~fING2~IAOI-IINN,
A, the fl-ameo " B, the whirl on ihe wheel, theinctined p~r(%o ' D D , standards or posts. g ii;, shieves orpullies. F, short post or supporL G, the upper bow i~ato Which ~lte s e e d is put. I[~ ooeld~o" i~*the too of ~, ~e uoper box°
• C,
K~ sqt,.are orifice . . . . - ,eg~.mrdof {ira. 1-,. side vaew o~ t~e tqq)cc box, M. a q}rmg; whicl~ {i.)rces ou~ elm see<] to be sowm N~ lower box° O, hollow c?/ii~der at~aeDed to P. the lower plate. Q~ lower si(m of lower b o y N. hollow shaft through which the seed passes into the ground; S~ sheathing of iron~ ov s{eeIo ,
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@e@%cdio~ q[ ¢ Fgete~ i~." a M~eh';~ejbr Planting Grain a~d other eeds. Grcm[ed go (}aso~ ~'~'ram~ q/' )?ichmond; Onlario county~ 2Yew .Yoda Jh~g"~a~ £ ~ 1828. A t~ox~ o r .~)>'.<, o f a suitable ,~'~ze~is provided tbr holding the seed to be pl~m*~;(L " Tibia is to b(~ lirmty •fixed upon a earriage~ or bench, framed to;.~e~or .rot that l:>~.~rpose. 'finis carriage has handles like the ooimmm pk~%gl, aad is fun'hi;beG or~ the fore par~ with aiix
% ~ ~ : : , : r ~ : : , < ~: ~7 ~' 2 ~.,, ~ ~, ~) .
~ Bi:the Cei~tr6;or pl~@~ D , the shovei~:
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whe.et.
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~:!~!i!!~!i!
348
TALBoTes :Mode o f P~;opelling )Vessels,, ]'~g, e a S~itlan ( f the boz and plantbw wheel
F,~ E, E~ E, the valves hollowed to receive and dr0p:the seeds, F, F, sp,,~rino's to force the valves out, : G~ G, leatht;r straps passing rolll~d slo{s or cleets~ arid against which the valves work,
Spec~cation of a patent for an improvement in lhe mode of.propeL ; l i n g Vessels upon the water, and carriages upon the land, by the : :comb!ned action of Steam and the pressm;eof the dtmosphere, zoith' oui lhe use of Paxtdle ~IZt~eels.: Granted~ in pursuanee oJ'a special act of Congress, passed May 24, 1.828, to EDwaiu) ALLENTAL~OT~ of D~&lin, in the kingdom of Ireland, but nozo residing in the 55tired States. Patent issued~ June ~1~ 180.8. IT is well known, at least to the scientific engineer, tha~: bythe use of paddle wheels, ordinarily applied to the propelling of boatS" and other vessels, there . . . . . ' ". . . . fi'om the construction o the nature of the fluid u to tl~e facility of displac a sufficient resistance fi resort to tim use6f pad from 16 to ~4 feet. invention is, therefore~ i tion of a resisting powe thus preclude the 'n~chss instrument or apparattis To,efthct tMs purpose, I use (in the absen'c~' of any cheaper'or more efficient power') asteam engi~;e of any description.giving, however, a pi,eference to the Boulton and Watffs tow pressure engine' I sliall; therefore, confine myself~ in this specifica-tion, to the action of
to ;
be~ wi~ in b6 at
~dit tio~ pol
ou.t ml]
ste wo
the sql t~e for
W a t t , will be found equiva]~,~t, ~o the work of 14~ hn~'~e,~j ore ~l other words; the boat will be prelims'liedby a c
"
o ~ C )
'
,
t~rmer, allowing any part of the machinery to ae~ upon the water ag a re$1sting medium, or as it respects the h;,tter, being o b l i g e d t o re-
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;?
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.[ ALBO'r S 2~[Ode
sort
~o
E. F No. 1.
~)~emar]~sby the ~dilor.~Agreeably to the pc,Jmise ~'~4 August nmnber of this Jourl~al, we have given the specifi l a l b o t , e:gm~, w]& the tequ:site drawing. :The pa~ evidently a gentleman of much inteliigeuee and. sdien;% course, has tl;e Nllest confidence in the correctness Of the[~ upon which his machine is inte~ded to act. Se~erai gentl Washington~ wh% deservedly, rank high in the scientific wo~ entertained opinim~s res,ectin,,' it, suilicientlve titvourable, m r D experiment to be made; we were noa presen;, and of t|~e r are not particularly informed; we m~ders*and, howewe patentee is about to try the thi~g on a large scale. We have endeavoured to discover in tf~e arrann ~ e l n e l l some efficient power to propel a boat or carnage, bt the inquiry has been instituteG with an uafeigned ~l~fcr opinions of some of the ~s'entlemen above referred t~)~it yam. We are stiil entirely m the dark, and readyto subn ly~ to the imputation of stupidity~ whenever, by means paratus, a boat shatl have been made '~o tra~ei a' mile, in .
3