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Infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed species on the surface of transition metal oxides
Spectrochimica Acta. Vol. 47A. No. 6. pp. 823-824. Printed in Great Britain
1991
0584~8539/91 s3.00+0.00 Pergamon Presspk
BOOK REVIEWS MULTIELEMENT
DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR SPECTROCHEMICAL A. BUSCH. John Wiley. 688 pp. Price f70.00.
ANALYSIS,
by
KENNETH
W.
BUSCH and MARIANNA
The title of this splendid book is somewhat ambiguous in its reference to multielement detection systems. This might be interpreted as meaning either detection systems for multielement spectrochemical analysis or, more narrowly, multichannel detection systems. Happily the former and broader definition applies, embracing the latter. In dealing with detection systems the authors take an equally broad view. Detectors are discussed at length but only after a full examination of the optical arrangements which must precede them. After a brief historical introduction those aspects of optics which are important in spectroscopy are discussed. Basic geometric optics are followed by the principles of diffraction. This is perhaps the least successful part of the book. Written for readers who may have no training in optics it has to strike a balance between deriving results and simply presenting them. Unfortunately the derivations which are given generally add very little to understanding, so that most readers will skip them. The subsequent discussion of spectrometer designs occupies about one third of the book. It begins with conventional dispersive systems but then goes on to explain the ideas behind a fascinating variety of spectrometers using multiple splits or masks. Here exotica such as Girard’s grill spectrometer and the mock interferometer invented by Mertz are to be found alongside the more familiar Hadamard transform systems. Throughput and multiplex advantages are considered both from a theoretical standpoint and in relation to signal-to-noise ratios in different noise regimes. There follows an outline of the principles of interference and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Although this is largely theoretical it is enlivened by a delightful account of the historical development of Fourier transform spectometers. The authors next set out to treat detectors in a manner which is accessible to chemists, and are notably successful. From a discussion of the physical principles to a comprehensive account of solid state image detectors the exposition is simple and clear. Once again the historical development, over a period of more than a hundred years, is used to illustrate the principles of operation in a very readable manner. Despite the simple presentation the treatment is sufficiently detailed that even experienced workers will find it valuable. The final section of the book contains a survey of the various detection systems which have been developed for multielement spectrochemical analysis. Separate chapters are devoted to transform and non-transform systems and both commercial and research developments are reviewed. These are preceded by a discussion of the relevant aspects of analytical atomic spectroscopy, so that the goals of the instruments are made clear to readers unfamiliar with the field. As a result this section is worth reading by anyone with an interest in the instrumentation of optical spectroscopy. This is a long book, but its length is fully justified by its content. The authors succeed in making the material intelligible to the chemist. At the same time they provide the breadth and detail required by the specialist in instrumentation. The style is rarely dull and the discussions of historical developments are worth reading purely for pleasure. This book deserves a wide audience. It is aimed at the reserch analytical scientist with an interest in instrument development. Those who design or develop instruments will find a wealth of ideas, not just for atomic spectroscopy but for general spectroscopy from the UV to the near-IR. Users too have much to gain from the greater understanding of their instruments which they can derive here. Perkin-Elmer Ltd Post Office Lane Beaconsfield Bucks HP9 IQA U.K.
R. A.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF ADSORBED SPECIES ON THE SURFACE METAL OXIDES, by A. A. DAVYDOV. John Wiley. 243 pp. Price f65.00.
SPRAGG
OF TRANSITION
The scientific contribution of A. Davydov to the development of the infrard spectroscopy of surfaces es ecially of oxides and zeolites) started in the early seventies, continuing the important tradition of Russian ~cit!ntists in this field. This book well illustrates how infrared, one of the first spectroscopic techniques to be applied in surface. investigations, has been an unrivalled source of precious information, concerning the structure of adsorbed species and how its importance has not declined with time, despite the introduction in the last 20 years of several new sophisticated surface techniques. Although mainly the author’s work is illustrated in this book, the investigated systems are so numerous, important and widely studied that it is of great utility for all specialists working in the field of surface science and catalysis. 823
824
Book Reviews
Of particular interest is chapter 2, namely the part concerning the spectroscopy of zeolites and mixed oxides containing Cu, Ni, Pd, Fe and V in various oxidation states. This book should be present in all scientific libraries. Istituto di Chimica Fisica dell’ Universitci di Torino Cot-so M. D’Azeglio 48 10125 Turin Italy
A.
ZECCHlNA
1991
0584~8539/91 s3.00+0.00 Pergamon Presspk
BOOK REVIEWS MULTIELEMENT
DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR SPECTROCHEMICAL A. BUSCH. John Wiley. 688 pp. Price f70.00.
ANALYSIS,
by
KENNETH
W.
BUSCH and MARIANNA
The title of this splendid book is somewhat ambiguous in its reference to multielement detection systems. This might be interpreted as meaning either detection systems for multielement spectrochemical analysis or, more narrowly, multichannel detection systems. Happily the former and broader definition applies, embracing the latter. In dealing with detection systems the authors take an equally broad view. Detectors are discussed at length but only after a full examination of the optical arrangements which must precede them. After a brief historical introduction those aspects of optics which are important in spectroscopy are discussed. Basic geometric optics are followed by the principles of diffraction. This is perhaps the least successful part of the book. Written for readers who may have no training in optics it has to strike a balance between deriving results and simply presenting them. Unfortunately the derivations which are given generally add very little to understanding, so that most readers will skip them. The subsequent discussion of spectrometer designs occupies about one third of the book. It begins with conventional dispersive systems but then goes on to explain the ideas behind a fascinating variety of spectrometers using multiple splits or masks. Here exotica such as Girard’s grill spectrometer and the mock interferometer invented by Mertz are to be found alongside the more familiar Hadamard transform systems. Throughput and multiplex advantages are considered both from a theoretical standpoint and in relation to signal-to-noise ratios in different noise regimes. There follows an outline of the principles of interference and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Although this is largely theoretical it is enlivened by a delightful account of the historical development of Fourier transform spectometers. The authors next set out to treat detectors in a manner which is accessible to chemists, and are notably successful. From a discussion of the physical principles to a comprehensive account of solid state image detectors the exposition is simple and clear. Once again the historical development, over a period of more than a hundred years, is used to illustrate the principles of operation in a very readable manner. Despite the simple presentation the treatment is sufficiently detailed that even experienced workers will find it valuable. The final section of the book contains a survey of the various detection systems which have been developed for multielement spectrochemical analysis. Separate chapters are devoted to transform and non-transform systems and both commercial and research developments are reviewed. These are preceded by a discussion of the relevant aspects of analytical atomic spectroscopy, so that the goals of the instruments are made clear to readers unfamiliar with the field. As a result this section is worth reading by anyone with an interest in the instrumentation of optical spectroscopy. This is a long book, but its length is fully justified by its content. The authors succeed in making the material intelligible to the chemist. At the same time they provide the breadth and detail required by the specialist in instrumentation. The style is rarely dull and the discussions of historical developments are worth reading purely for pleasure. This book deserves a wide audience. It is aimed at the reserch analytical scientist with an interest in instrument development. Those who design or develop instruments will find a wealth of ideas, not just for atomic spectroscopy but for general spectroscopy from the UV to the near-IR. Users too have much to gain from the greater understanding of their instruments which they can derive here. Perkin-Elmer Ltd Post Office Lane Beaconsfield Bucks HP9 IQA U.K.
R. A.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF ADSORBED SPECIES ON THE SURFACE METAL OXIDES, by A. A. DAVYDOV. John Wiley. 243 pp. Price f65.00.
SPRAGG
OF TRANSITION
The scientific contribution of A. Davydov to the development of the infrard spectroscopy of surfaces es ecially of oxides and zeolites) started in the early seventies, continuing the important tradition of Russian ~cit!ntists in this field. This book well illustrates how infrared, one of the first spectroscopic techniques to be applied in surface. investigations, has been an unrivalled source of precious information, concerning the structure of adsorbed species and how its importance has not declined with time, despite the introduction in the last 20 years of several new sophisticated surface techniques. Although mainly the author’s work is illustrated in this book, the investigated systems are so numerous, important and widely studied that it is of great utility for all specialists working in the field of surface science and catalysis. 823
824
Book Reviews
Of particular interest is chapter 2, namely the part concerning the spectroscopy of zeolites and mixed oxides containing Cu, Ni, Pd, Fe and V in various oxidation states. This book should be present in all scientific libraries. Istituto di Chimica Fisica dell’ Universitci di Torino Cot-so M. D’Azeglio 48 10125 Turin Italy
A.
ZECCHlNA