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Inhalable particulates and meteorological characteristics of the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstracts of Other Papers
EFFECTS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS CONCENTRATIONS
ON SULFUR DIOXIDE
YOONSHINKIM Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77225, U.S.A.
Effects of various meteorological parameters on SO1 concentrations in Seoul. Korea were examined using limited amounts of data, including monthly mean SOx concentrations and meteorological parameters measured during the one-year period of 1983. Correlation analysis between wind direction frequency distribution and other meteorological parameters was employed to help explain differences in correlation for direction with SOx levels. The results showed that high SO2 concentrations were often associated with W-WNW and NNE winds flows, relatively colder and drier air. This suggeststhat the combined e&Is of domestic fuel combustion and of polluted winds from the W direction cause higher SO2 levels in Seoul.
INHALABLE PARTICULATES AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY OF RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA M. S. EL-SHOBOKSHY Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia The ambient inhalable particulates (JP) have been sampled in the city of Riyadh by means of a fixed sampling site using an automatic Dichotomous sampler. Theconcentration offine particulates (O-2.5 pm aerodynamic diameter), the coarse particles (2.5-15 /rm aerodynamic diameter) and the total IP were determined. The meteorological variables were recorded simultaneously with an atmospheric sampling process during the period of I March-31 May, 1984 (92 samples were obtained). The samples were analyzed by means of the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for As, Pb, Fe, Cu. Al and Na. Statistical analysis using the
multilinear regression technique has been carried out to correlate the concentration of particulate matter of interest with the local meteorological variables of the city. It was determined that the pressure, wind speed and wind direction could be used IO predict the IP concentration. The concentrations of atmospheric fine, coarse and total IP matter were found at high levels. The highest correlation coefficients obtained from the analysis were for Fe, Pb and As which indicates that these elements are strongly correlated with meteorological variables and their sources are uniform. The lowest correlation was for Na and this suggests that some significant parameters which are correlated with Na may have not been considered in the analysis. Wind speed was shown to have positive significant correlation with Fe and Al while negative with Pb. Explanations for such results were given.
FORECASTING
OF AIR POLLUTION POTENTIAL DISTRICT IN JAPAN TAKESHI
IN THE SOUTH KANT0
KAWAMURA
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, lbaraki 305, Japan
The South Kanto District is one of the most polluted areas in Japan. This region contains an industrial complex and broad urban area, and a population of over 2O,OfXl,OOO inhabitants, with the major source of air pollution located along the seacoast. The levels of SO. have decreased in recent years, however, pollution of NOX and photochemical oxidants have continued. Specifically, the S Kanto District encounters the most severe condition of air pollution in Japan. The author intends to introduce a few forecasting methods of air pollution potential in this region.
Weather conditions for incidence of high levels of photochemical conditions have been summarized, thus the forecasting of meteorological conditions and synoptic patterns have been useful tools in air pollution forecasting. The S Kanto district has a broad air shed; however, the local wind systems, including land- and sea-breezes and mountain and valky winds, play an important role in the transport of the pollution emitted from sources around Tokyo Bay to the surrounding areas. Of course,the synoptic weather condition affects the time change of the local wind systems. A model of the diurnal change of local wind systems, which is classified by gradient wind condition, is proposed. Using these results, the operational forecasting scheme of air pollution potential was developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In addition, the author developed the simpliied method for forecasting NO, kvel based on data of synoptic scale weather analysis. This method is useful in the case of temporally uniform emission of pollutants from the source, such as a large industrial complex.
EFFECTS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS CONCENTRATIONS
ON SULFUR DIOXIDE
YOONSHINKIM Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77225, U.S.A.
Effects of various meteorological parameters on SO1 concentrations in Seoul. Korea were examined using limited amounts of data, including monthly mean SOx concentrations and meteorological parameters measured during the one-year period of 1983. Correlation analysis between wind direction frequency distribution and other meteorological parameters was employed to help explain differences in correlation for direction with SOx levels. The results showed that high SO2 concentrations were often associated with W-WNW and NNE winds flows, relatively colder and drier air. This suggeststhat the combined e&Is of domestic fuel combustion and of polluted winds from the W direction cause higher SO2 levels in Seoul.
INHALABLE PARTICULATES AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY OF RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA M. S. EL-SHOBOKSHY Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia The ambient inhalable particulates (JP) have been sampled in the city of Riyadh by means of a fixed sampling site using an automatic Dichotomous sampler. Theconcentration offine particulates (O-2.5 pm aerodynamic diameter), the coarse particles (2.5-15 /rm aerodynamic diameter) and the total IP were determined. The meteorological variables were recorded simultaneously with an atmospheric sampling process during the period of I March-31 May, 1984 (92 samples were obtained). The samples were analyzed by means of the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for As, Pb, Fe, Cu. Al and Na. Statistical analysis using the
multilinear regression technique has been carried out to correlate the concentration of particulate matter of interest with the local meteorological variables of the city. It was determined that the pressure, wind speed and wind direction could be used IO predict the IP concentration. The concentrations of atmospheric fine, coarse and total IP matter were found at high levels. The highest correlation coefficients obtained from the analysis were for Fe, Pb and As which indicates that these elements are strongly correlated with meteorological variables and their sources are uniform. The lowest correlation was for Na and this suggests that some significant parameters which are correlated with Na may have not been considered in the analysis. Wind speed was shown to have positive significant correlation with Fe and Al while negative with Pb. Explanations for such results were given.
FORECASTING
OF AIR POLLUTION POTENTIAL DISTRICT IN JAPAN TAKESHI
IN THE SOUTH KANT0
KAWAMURA
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, lbaraki 305, Japan
The South Kanto District is one of the most polluted areas in Japan. This region contains an industrial complex and broad urban area, and a population of over 2O,OfXl,OOO inhabitants, with the major source of air pollution located along the seacoast. The levels of SO. have decreased in recent years, however, pollution of NOX and photochemical oxidants have continued. Specifically, the S Kanto District encounters the most severe condition of air pollution in Japan. The author intends to introduce a few forecasting methods of air pollution potential in this region.
Weather conditions for incidence of high levels of photochemical conditions have been summarized, thus the forecasting of meteorological conditions and synoptic patterns have been useful tools in air pollution forecasting. The S Kanto district has a broad air shed; however, the local wind systems, including land- and sea-breezes and mountain and valky winds, play an important role in the transport of the pollution emitted from sources around Tokyo Bay to the surrounding areas. Of course,the synoptic weather condition affects the time change of the local wind systems. A model of the diurnal change of local wind systems, which is classified by gradient wind condition, is proposed. Using these results, the operational forecasting scheme of air pollution potential was developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In addition, the author developed the simpliied method for forecasting NO, kvel based on data of synoptic scale weather analysis. This method is useful in the case of temporally uniform emission of pollutants from the source, such as a large industrial complex.