NBA_24/3 2/14/03 1:11 PM Page 2
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING RESEARCH ON AGE-RELATED PHENOMENA, NEURODEGENERATION AND NEUROPATHOLOGY Founding Editor: Raymond T. Bartus
Editor-in-Chief PAUL D. COLEMAN Center for Aging and Developmental Biology The University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
SECTION EDITORS PHARMACOLOGY & ANIMAL MODELS
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE & OTHER DEMENTIAS
Raymond T. Bartus: Ceregene, Inc., 9381 Judicial Drive, Suite 130, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
Ralph A. Nixon: Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
STRUCTURE Harold Brody: Dept. of Anatomy & Cell Biology, State University of New York School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA Mark West: Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Building 234, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
BEHAVIOR Peter R. Rapp: Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Box 1639, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
Hiroshi Mori: Osada City University Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku 545-8585, Japan
GENE EXPRESSION & NEUROGENETICS James I. Morgan: St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105-2794 USA
TRANSMITTER SYSTEMS Elaine K. Perry: Medical Research Council, Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle NE4 6BE United Kingdom
GENETICS & MODEL SYSTEMS
PHYSIOLOGY Caleb Finch: Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
Thomas E. Johnson: Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, CO 80309 USA
STRESS SIGNALING & NEUROPLASTICITY
CELL BIOLOGY & TROPHIC FACTORS Eugene M. Johnson, Jr.: Dept. of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Mark P. Mattson: National Institute on Aging Laboratory of Neuroscience GRC 4F01, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive Blvd. Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Marilyn S. Albert, Boston, MA Jesus Avila, Madrid, Spain Jocelyn Bachevalier, Houston, TX Heiko Braak, Frankfurt, Germany Carl W. Cotman, Irvine, CA C. DeCarli, Sacramento, CA D.W. Dickson, Jacksonville, FL James Eberwine, Philadelphia, PA Howard Eichenbaum, Boston, MA Dorothy Flood, West Chester, PA Fred H. Gage, La Jolla, CA Pierluigi Gambetti, Cleveland, OH Ezio Giacobini, Geneva, Switzerland William Greenough, Urbana, IL J. Hardy, Bethesda, MD Franz F. Hefti, San Diego, CA Karl Herrup, Cleveland, OH
Patrick R. Hof, New York, NY Bradley Hyman, Boston, MA Donald K. Ingram, Baltimore, MD Khalid Iqbal, Staten Island, NY J.A. Joseph, Boston, MA Zaven Khachaturian, Bethesda, MD Jeffrey Kordower, Chicago, IL Philip W. Landfield, Lexington, KY W. R. Markesbery, Lexington, KY Michael McKinney, Jacksonville, FL John Morrison, New York, NY Elliott Mufson, Chicago, IL James F. Nelson, San Antonio, TX G.M. Pasinetti, New York, NY D. Peterson, North Chicago, IL Jay W. Pettegrew, Pittsburgh, PA Creighton H. Phelps, Bethesda, MD
H. Potter, Tampa, FL R. Quirion, Quebec, Canada Joseph Rogers, Sun City, AZ Paul R. Sanberg, Tampa, FL Robert M. Sapolsky, Stanford, CA Michael L. Shelanski, New York, NY J. R. Slemmon, King of Prussia, PA M.A. Smith, Cleveland, OH A. David Smith, Oxford, United Kingdom M. Sofroniew, Los Angeles, CA Joseph Springer, Lexington, KY D. Swaab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Leon Thal, San Diego, CA L. de Toledo-Morrell, Chicago, IL John Q. Trojanowski, Philadelphia, PA Steven Younkin, Jacksonville, FL Berislav Zlokovic, Rochester, NY
Advertising information: Advertising orders and enquiries can be sent to: USA, Canada and South America: Mr Tino DeCarlo, The Advertising Department, Elsevier Science Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710, USA; phone: (1) (212) 633 3815; fax: (1) (212) 633 3820; e-mail:
[email protected]. Japan: The Advertising Department, Elsevier Science K.K., 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (81) (3) 5561 5033; fax (81) (3) 5561 5047. Europe and ROW: Commercial Sales Department, Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK; phone: (44) 1865 843016; fax: (44) 1865 843976; e-mail:
[email protected] Publication information: Neurobiology of Aging (ISSN 0197-4580). For 2003, Volume 24 is scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Regional Sales Office nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/neuaging). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier Science products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of dispatch.
PII: S0197-4580(03)00016-2
Aims and Scope Neurobiology of Aging will publish the results of studies in behavior, biochemistry, cell biology, endocrinology, molecular biology, morphology, neurology, neuropathology, pharmacology, physiology and protein chemistry in which the primary emphasis involves mechanisms of nervous system changes with age or diseases associated with age. Reviews and theoretical articles will be published, usually accompanied
by open peer commentary. Letters to the Editor and brief communications are also acceptable. Brief reports of highly time-sensitive material may be treated as rapid communications in which case editorial review will be completed within six weeks and publication scheduled for the next available issue. Articles will be published in English.
The accepted abbreviation for Neurobiology of Aging for bibliographic citation is Neurobiol Aging.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief for review and processing. Authors are referred to the following published editorial policy statements: Coleman, P. D. How old is old? Neurobiol. Aging 10:115;1989. Coleman, P. D.; Finch, C. E.; Joseph, J. The need for multiple time points in aging studies. Neurobiol. Aging 11:1–2;1990. Finch, C. E. Middle-age: An evolving frontier in gerontology. Neurobiol. Aging 12:1–2;1991. West, M. J. New stereological methods for counting neurons. Neurobiol. Aging 14:275-285;1993. West, M. J.; Coleman, P. D. How to count. Neurobiol. Aging 17:503;1996.
STYLE OF MANUSCRIPT General Form. (1) Five copies of manuscripts should be submitted and should be printed, double spaced with wide margins on good quality paper. If a word processor is used to prepare the manuscript, a letter quality printer must be used and computer generated illustrations must be of the same quality as professional line drawings or they will not be accepted. (2) The title page should contain: title of paper; author(s); laboratory or institution of origin with city, state, zip code, and country; complete address for mailing proofs; telephone, fax number, and email address (when available, the email address will appear in the correspon-dence footnote of the published article). (3) References, footnotes, and legends for illustrations should be typed on separate sheets, double spaced. (4) Illustrations should be identified on the reverse with figure number and author(s) name; when necessary the top should be clearly marked. (5) Each table should be typed on a separate sheet and double spaced. (6) All dimensions and measure-ments must be specified in the metric system. Standard nomenclature, abbreviations and symbols, as specified by Royal Society Conference of Editors. Metrication in Scientific Journals, Am. Scient. 56:159–164; 1968, should be used throughout. (7) Italics should not be used for the purpose of emphasis. (8) Brief Communications should be restricted to six typewritten pages, including references, and should not present more than one figure and one table, or two figures, or two tables. Title. The title should not be longer than 85 characters, including spaces between words. Only the first word of the title should be capitalized. Length of Paper. The Editors insist upon clear, concise statement of facts and conclusions. Fragmentation of material into numerous short reports is discouraged. Abstract. Each paper submitted must be accompanied by an abstract, which does not exceed 170 words and must be suitable for use by abstracting journals. A list of from 3–12 (or more) keywords or short phrases suitable for indexing terms should be typed at the bottom of the abstract page accompanying the manuscript. These terms will be printed with the paper following the abstract. Drugs. Proprietary (trademarked) names should be capitalized. The chemical name should precede the trade, popular name, or abbreviation of a drug the first time it occurs. Headings. All headings should be numbered, for example, 1. Intro-duction, 2. Methods, 2.1. Study population, etc. Capitalize the first word only for all headings. Footnotes. If more than one author, the corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk. If there is more than one affiliation, use a superior letter for each one. Use superior numbers for any other footnotes to authors’ names, such as a current address. Text footnotes should not be used; the material should be incorporated into the text. Table footnotes: see Tables (b). References. Literature cited should be prepared according to the Numbered/Alphabetized style of the Council of Biology Editors. Refer-ences should be cited by number, in brackets, within the text (only one reference to a number) and listed in alphabetical order (double spaced) on a separate sheet at the end of the manuscript. Do not recite names of authors within the text. Journal citations in the reference list should contain the following: (a) surnames and initials of all authors (surname precedes initials); (b) title of article; (c) journal title abbreviation as listed in the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus; (d) year; (e) volume and pages. Example: [1] Kannel WB, Belanger AJ. Epidemiology of heart failure. Am Heart J 1991;121(3):951–7. Book references should be in the following order: author, title, city of publication and publisher, year, and pages. Examples: [1] Palmer RMJ, Ashton DS, Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells. New York: Science Publishers, 1996. [2] Smith RR, Jones SH, Harmon GT Jr. Macrophage and endothelial cell oxide synthesis. In: Levi R, Griffith OW, editors. Biochemistry basics, 2nd Edition, Vol. 3. New York: Raven Press, 1990. p. 96–103. Computer Disks. Authors are encouraged to submit a 3.50˝ HD/DD computer disk to the editorial office; 5.250˝ HD/DD disks are acceptable if 3.50˝ disks are unavailable. Please observe the following criteria: 1. Send only hard
copy when first submitting your paper. 2. When your paper has been refereed, revised if necessary, and accepted, send a disk containing the final version with the final hard copy. Make sure that the disk and the hard copy match exactly. 3. Specify what software was used, including which release, e.g., WordPerfect 6.0a. 4. Specify what computer was used (IBM compatible PC, Apple Macintosh, etc.). 5. The article file should include all textual material (text, references, tables, figure captions, etc.) and separate illustration files, if available. 6. The file should follow the general instructions on style/arrangement and, in particular, the reference style of this journal as given in the Instructions to Contributors. 7. The file should be single spaced and should use the wrap-around end-of-line feature, i.e., returns at the end of paragraphs only. Place two returns after every element such as title, headings, paragraphs, figure and table call-outs. 8. Keep a back-up disk for reference and safety. Illustrations. (a) Prepare for use in a single column width whenever possible. (b) All drawings for reduction to a given size should be drawn and lettered to the same scale. (c) All illustrations should be referred to as figures and numbered in Arabic numerals. (d) Lettering should be proportionate to the size of the illustrations if it is to be legible after reduction. Lettering should be sized so that its smallest elements (subscripts or superscripts) will be readable when reduced. (e) When possible all lettering should be within the framework of the illustration; likewise the key to symbols should be on the face of the chart. The following standard symbols should be used as they are easily available to the printer: (f) Actual magnification of all photomi-crographs should be given. Dimension scale should be indicated. (g) Sharply contrasting unmounted photographs of figures on glossy paper are required. (h) Illustrations should be submitted in black and white unless color reproduction is requested. Color prints should be submitted in actual size and authors will be responsible for the additional costs. For assistance on how to prepare your artwork for electronic submission visit: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/authorartwork Tables. (a) Each table should have a brief heading; explanatory matter should be in footnotes, not as part of the title. (b) Table footnotes should be indicated in the body of the table in order of their appearance with superior letters. Statistical measures should be indicated with symbols: *, **, etc. (c) Tables must not duplicate material in text or illustrations. (d) Vertical rules should be omitted. (e) Short or abbreviated column heads should be used. (f) Statistical measures of variation, SD, SE, etc., should be identified. (g) Analysis of variance tables should not be submitted but significant F’s should be incorporated where appropriate within the text. The appropriate form for reporting F value is: F(11, 20) 3.05, p < 0.01. Formulas and Equations. Structural chemical formulas, process flow-diagrams, and complicated mathematical expressions should be kept to a minimum. Usually chemical formulas and flow-diagrams should be provided for reproduction as line cuts. All subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and unusual characters must be clearly identified. Anesthesia. In describing surgical procedures on animals, the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent should be specified. Curarizing agents are not anesthetics; if these were used, evidence must be provided that anesthesia of suitable grade and duration was employed. Proofs. Corrections to the proofs must be restricted to printer’s errors only. Other than these, any other alterations will be charged to the author. Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Reprints. Each author will receive with his galley proofs a reprint order form which must be completed and returned with the proofs. Copyright. Publications are copyrighted for the protection of the authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the author who submits the manuscript. The form must be completed and returned to the publisher before the article can be published.
AUTHOR ENQUIRIES For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit the Author Gateway from Elsevier Science at http://authors.elsevier.com. The Author Gateway also provides the facility to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article’s status has changed, as well as detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions and more. For specific enquiries on the preparation of electronic artwork, consult http://www.elsevier.com/locate/authorartwork/ Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.