Instructions for authors

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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY Editor: C. M. BROWN, International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH 14 4AS, UK. Tel: +44 131 539 9031, Fax: +44 131 539 9031, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: S. CRAIGIE, e-mail: [email protected]

PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS Transfer of Copyright All authors must sign the ‘Transfer of Copyright’ agreement before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables Elsevier Ltd to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, but does not relinquish the author’s proprietary rights. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microform or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations, and includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright exists.

Process Biochemistry is an industry-oriented research journal devoted to reporting advances in the science and technology of the application of living organisms to the production of materials for the benefit of mankind. Its main areas of interest are the biological process industries, including the food, drink, pharmaceutical, energy and waste and water treatment industries. Topics covered include:

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Immobilized cell and enzyme systems Industrial applications of enzymes Downstream processing Waste water treatment Processing of biological waste materials for novel product formation

* * * *

Expression of novel products in micro-organisms Solid state fermentations Physiological control of fermentation parameters Process enhancement, modelling and control

In addition to its coverage of primary research in these areas, Process Biochemistry publishes:

* Reviews of the literature * New patents survey

Editorial Board Z. Aksu Chemical Engineering Dept. Hacettepe University 06532 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

* Bibliography of process biochemistry

Y. Inoue Lab. of Molecular Microbiology Div. of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto Univ. Grad. Sch. Agriculture Uji, Kyoto, 611-001 Japan K. Kida Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

A. Blandino Depto. de Ingeniera Quimica, Fac. De Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain

R. A. Korus Department of Chemical Engineering, Moscow, ID, USA

R. Borja Institut de la Grasa, Sevilla, Spain

V. I. Krupyanko Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Moscow Region, Russia

J. Boudrant Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France D. Cantero Depto. De Ingenı´era Quimica Fac. De Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real-Cadiz, Spain F. Chen Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China Y. Clonis Agricultural University, Athens, Greece E. Doyle University College, Dublin, Ireland A. Durand INRA, Dijon, France C. F. Forster 20 St Wilfrids Park, Halton on Lune, Lancaster LA2 6PW, UK

M. Linder Laboratoire de Physicochimie et Ge´nie Alimen-taires, ENSAIA, Inst. Nat. Polytechnique de Lor-raine (INPL), 2, Avenue de la Foret-de-Haye, BP 172, 54505 Vandoevre-les-Nancy cedex, France G. McKay Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong J. Mawson Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand E. Martin Del Valle Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Ala-bama, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville AL 35899, USA A. Pandey Regional Research Laboratory, CSIR, Trivandrum, India S. Parekh Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA

A. Gildberg Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Tromso, Norway

P. R. Patnaik Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India

A. Illanes University Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile

A. Rapoport Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Latvian University, Latvia

S. Roussos IRD-IFR-BAIM, Universite´ de Provence, Mar-seille, France

A. Tietz Animal Health Fermentation Development, Lilly Corporate Centre, Lilly Research Labortories, Indi-anapolis IN 46285, USA

Submission of papers Authors must include the following contact details on the title page of their submitted manuscript: name; full postal address; Fax; Tel.; E-mail. Papers submitted to the journal must be original with clear definition of objectives, material used and methods applied and should not have been published or offered for publication elsewhere. Compactness of a paper together with consistency and precision in presentation will be considered as advantages for acceptance. All submissions will be reviewed by two referees. Three copies of the manuscript complete with copies of all figures and photographs should be submitted. Below, authors will find instructions for the preparation of manuscripts. Strict adherence to these conventions of style will speed up the review and publication process.

S. M. Tiquia Microbial Genomics & Ecology group, Environ-mental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

All correspondence by e-mail to the Editors must contain the unique (PRBI) reference number in the subject line or ‘‘New paper submission’’. All correspondence which is not labelled as such will be deleted because of the potential presence of viruses.

K. Shetty Assist. Prof. of Food Biotechnology, Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 1003, USA Rao Y. Surampalli U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA K. C. Thomas University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

R. D. Tyagi Universite du Quebec, Canada

Manuscript preparation Three copies should be provided, in double-spaced typing on pages of uniform size, with a wide margin at the left. Generally the size of the manuscript should be a minimum consistent with clarity. Each paper should be provided with an abstract of 100–150 words reporting concisely on the purposes and results of the paper, and also six keywords. Authors should consult an issue of the journal for style and layout if possible. The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity. The title of the paper should unambiguously reflect its contents. Where the title exceeds 70 characters a suggestion for an abbreviated running title should be given. The SI system should be used for all scientific and laboratory data: if, in certain instances, it is necessary to quote other units, these should be added in parentheses. Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. The unit ‘billion’ (109 in America, 1012 in Europe) is ambiguous and should not be used. Abbreviations for units should follow the suggestions of the British Standards publications BS 1991. The full stop should not be included in abbreviations, e.g. m (not m.), ppm (not p.p.m.), % and ‘/’ should be used in preference to ‘percent’ and ‘per’. Where abbreviations are likely to cause ambiguity or may not be readily understood by an international readership, units should be put in full. Tables (numbered consecutively with arabic numerals), references and legends to illustrations should be typed on separate sheets and placed at the end of the paper. Footnotes should be avoided especially if they contain information which could equally well be included in the text. The use of proprietary names should be avoided. Papers essentially of an advertising nature will not be accepted.

K. O. Ulgen Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici Univer-sity, 80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey E. J. Vandamme University of Ghent, Belgium J. Wang Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua Univer-sity, Beijing 100084, China L. R. Weatherley University of Canterbury, New Zealand J-J. Zhong State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China Univ. of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China

Publication information: Process Biochemistry (ISSN 0032-9592). For 2004, volume 39 is scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Regional Sales Office nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/procbio). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of dispatch. Orders, claims, and journal enquiries: please contact the Customer Support Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest you: Orlando: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800, USA; phone: (+1) (877) 8397126 [toll free number for US customers], or (+1) (407) 3454020 [customers outside US]; fax: (+1) (407) 3631354; e-mail: [email protected] Amsterdam: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; phone: (+31) (20) 4853757; fax: (+31) (20) 4853432; e-mail: [email protected] Tokyo: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected] Singapore: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House I, Singapore 239519; phone: (+65) 63490222; fax: (+65) 67331510; e-mail: [email protected] Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, N.J. Process Biochemistry (ISSN 0032-9592) is published monthly by Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. The US subscription is $1151 per year. Process Biochemistry is circulated by Mercury International Limited, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. POSTMASTER: Please send address corrections to Process Biochemistry, c/o Elsevier, Customer Support Department, PO Box 945, New York, NY 10159-0945. Distributed in the USA by Mercury Airfreight International, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001.

Disks For papers produced using a word-processor or TEX, please submit a disk with the final revised version of the manuscript. The file on disk should correspond exactly to the hard copy. The operating system and the word-processor should be specified clearly.

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Illustrations or chemical structures in electronic format may be supplied provided that the file format and the program used to produce them is clearly indicated and that a hard copy is also supplied. More detailed guidelines and further information are available from the Publisher. References References should be cited at the appropriate point in the text by a number in square brackets. A list of references, in numerical order, should appear at the end of the paper. All references in this list should be indicated at some point in the text and vice versa. Unpublished data or private communications should not appear in the list. Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as ‘‘in press’’. Abbreviate the Periodical titles according to the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations. Examples of layout of references are given below. For periodicals [1] Mitona T, Wong GA, Zhing J, Kawaghusi HJ. Ganoderma lucidum: Bioactive substances and medicinal effects. Food Rev Int 1995; 11(1): 151–66. For edited symposia, special issues, etc., published in a periodical [2] Rigoni-Stern S, Rismondo R, Szpyrkowicz L, Zilio F. Anaerobic digestion of vegetation water from olive mill on a fixed biological bed with a gas production. In: Tilche A, Rozzi A, editors. Proc 5th Int Conf on Anaerobic Digestion. Bologna, Italy: FAO, Rome, 1988, p. 291–300. For Books [3] Puzur JH. Neutral polysaccaride. In: Chaplin MF, Kennedy JF, editors. Carbohydrate Analysis — A Practical Approach. Dublin: Oxford IRL Press, 1987. For multi-author books [4] Lelup V, Colonna P, Buleon A. Enzymatic Processing of Carbohydrates. In: B. Godon, editor. Bioconversion of cereal products. New York: 1994. P. 140–6. Illustrations The original and two copies of each illustration should be provided. The copies may be of a reduced size, or photo-copies. Line drawings should be in a form suitable for direct reproduction, in permanent black ink, with stencilled lettering (avoid using dry transfer or typewritten lettering). High-quality computer-generated line diagrams, or glossy prints, are also acceptable. The illustrations should preferably all require the same degree of reduction. The type area of the journal is 178 mm by 250 mm deep, in two columns per page, each 85 mm wide, and the lettering should therefore be large enough to be legible after reduction of the illustrations to fit the page width or column width. Photographs should be submitted as clear black-and-white prints on glossy paper. Each illustration must be clearly numbered and the title and author(s) of the paper written on the reverse side. Proofs The author (or the selected author where several are involved) will receive a set of proofs for checking. No new material may be inserted in the text at the time of proofreading unless accepted by the Editors. Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. All questions arising after the acceptance of manuscripts, especially those relating to proofs, should be directed to: Elsevier Ireland Ltd., Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland. Phone: (+353)61-709600; fax: (+353)61-709109 Page charges and offprints There will be no page charges. Twenty-five offprints of each paper are supplied free of charge. Additional copies can be ordered at current printing prices.