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Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene application
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IFAC with PapersOnLine (2018) 803–807 Insulation systems the51-30 expanded polyethylene application Insulation systems with the expanded Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene polyethylene application application Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene application A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** Insulation systems with K. the polyethylene application A. D. Zhukov*, A. expanded Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov***
A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** A. D. Zhukov*, A. Ter-Zakaryan**, Semenov*** *National ResearchK. Moscow State UniversityV. of S. Civil Engineering, A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** *National Research Moscow State University of Civil 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Engineering, 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: e-mail: [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University ofof Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, Engineering, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337,***National Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: 129337, The aspects of Moscow, the effectYaroslavskoye of the application insulation systems on social and Russia, shosseof26effective (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Theproblems aspects of of the effect of of Itthe the application that of effective effective insulation systems on social social and environmental arethe considered. is emphasized the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects effect application of insulation systems on and environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects of the effect of the application of effective insulation systems on social and systems is possible in the process of construction of any type of low-rise buildings in any climatic region. environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects of the effect of Itshells the application ofstructures effective insulation systems on social and systems is possible possible in the the process of construction construction ofbuilding any type type ofthelow-rise low-rise buildings indeveloped any climatic climatic region. environmental problems are considered. is emphasized that application of the insulation The thermal resistance of the insulation ofof with different types of junction of systems is in process of any of buildings in any region. environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of systems is possible in the process of construction of any type of low-rise buildings in any climatic region. insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of systems is polyethylene possible in the process of construction ofbuilding anyjoint typestructures of low-rise buildings in types any climatic region. insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis of The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of with different of junction expanded with the help of the locking separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis of The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is screed or with a protective layer as well as in insulation systems of frame cottages and insulation of considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with theusing help of the joint of sheets with hot airinsulation welding is screed or or warehouses with protective layer as well as in inlocking insulation systems of frame frame cottages and of considered. Theaa expediency of expanded polyethylene inseparate floating floors withinsulation a and monolithic floor frameless and hangars is grounded. Examples ofsystems work performed in the of facades screed with protective layer as well as insulation of cottages insulation of considered. Thea expediency of hangars using expanded polyethylene in floating floors withinsulation a and monolithic floor frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the of facades screed or with protective layer as well as in insulation systems of frame cottages insulation of of frame cottages and frameless are given. In addition, the results concerning the state of wooden frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the insulation of facades screed orcottages withstructures a protective layer as well asgiven. inExamples insulation of frame cottages insulation of of frame frame and frameless frameless hangars areoperation Inwere addition, the results results concerning theand state of wooden frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. ofsystems work performed in the insulation of wooden facades frame cottage after fivehangars years of also examined asconcerning well. of cottages and are given. In addition, the the state of frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the insulation of wooden facades frame cottage structures after five years of operation were also examined as well. of frame cottages and frameless hangars are given. In addition, the results concerning the state of frame cottage structures afterFederation five years operation were also examined assheet well.Ltd. © frame 2018, IFAC (International ofof Automatic Hosting by Elsevier All Keywords: expanded insulation systems, polymer welding, tensile of cottages and polyethylene, frameless are given. InControl) addition, the results therights statereserved. ofstrength, wooden frame cottage structures after fivehangars years of operation were also examined asconcerning well.bonding, Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. frame cottage structures after five years of operation were also examined as well. Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. Keywords: polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performanceexpanded characteristics. Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. particular. The insulation system durability depends mostly performance characteristics. 1. INTRODUCTION particular. insulation system durability depends on polymerThe adhesion, the realization of an particular. Thecoating insulation systemand durability depends mostly mostly 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization particular. The insulation system durability depends mostly efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature The application of1. INTRODUCTION energy-efficient building insulation on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization of of an an particular. Thecoating insulation system durability depends mostly efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature on polymer adhesion, and the realization of The an and atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The application of energy-efficient building insulation systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks 1. INTRODUCTION efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature The application of energy-efficient building insulation on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization of an and atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature applying process itself involves the additional safety systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks The application of energy-efficient building insulation (Gnip 2005, Gnip 2012, Rumyantsev 2005). First of all, the atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks and efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature applying process itself involves the additional safety atmospheric conditions during thethe applying process. The requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov The application ofsolving energy-efficient building insulation (Gnip Gnip Rumyantsev 2005). First all, the systems focuses on2012, of fourthermal following groups of energy saving (decrease of direct losses) isof to and applying process itself involves additional safety (Gnip 2005, 2005, Gnip 2012, Rumyantsev 2005). First ofmeant all,tasks the and atmospheric conditions during thethe applying process. The requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov applying process itself involves additional safety 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). systems focuses on2012, solving of fourthermal following groups of tasks energy saving (decrease of direct losses) is meant to (Gnip 2005, Gnip Rumyantsev 2005). First of all, the be provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov energy saving (decrease of direct thermal losses) is meant to applying process itself involves the additional safety 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov (Gnip 2005, Gnip 2012,the Rumyantsev 2005). First all, the be structures durability (protection of energy savingSecondly, (decrease of direct thermal losses) isofmeant to 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal be provided. provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of all the because special expanded polyethylene (low requirements of the of components toxicity (Zhukov 2017a, Zhukov 2017b,features Zhukov 2018). energy saving (decrease ofshould direct thermal losses) is meant to Taking load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal be provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of influence and moisture) be provided for. Thirdly, load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal density Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene and thermal conductivity, very low moisture and 2017a, Zhukov 2017b,features Zhukovof 2018). be provided. indoor Secondly, theshould structures durability (protection of Taking all the special expanded polyethylene (low (low influence moisture) provided for. load-bearing against the thermal comfortable conditions arebe set to dangerous be arranged. In the influence and and structures moisture) should be provided for. Thirdly, Thirdly, density and thermal conductivity, very low moisture Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene (low vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing load-bearing structures against theto dangerous thermal density and thermal conductivity, very low moisture and and comfortable indoor conditions set arranged. In the influence and moisture) be for. Thirdly, fourth place, providing forshould theare appropriate Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene comfortable indoor conditions are set provided to be be temperature arranged. In and the density vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing and conductivity, very low moisture (low and qualities andthermal sufficient strength characteristics) into influence and moisture) should be provided for. Thirdly, vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing fourth place, providing for the appropriate temperature and comfortable indoor conditions are set to be arranged. In the humidity conditions as well (Semenov andandthermal conductivity, very low waterproofing moisture with and fourth place, providingshould for thebeappropriate temperature2016, and density qualities sufficient strength characteristics) into vapor permeability, high combustibility, high consideration, the following implementation systems comfortable indoor conditions are as set to be(Semenov arranged. In the qualities and sufficient strength characteristics) into humidity conditions should 2016, fourth place, providing for thebe temperature and Shmelev 2013). vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing humidity conditions should beappropriate as well well (Semenov 2016, the following implementation systems qualities andhave strength characteristics) into this material been developed: exterior insulationwith of fourth place, providingshould for thebeappropriate temperature2016, and consideration, consideration, thesufficient following implementation systems with Shmelev 2013). humidity conditions as well (Semenov qualities andhave sufficient strength characteristics) into Shmelev 2013). this material been developed: exterior insulation consideration, the following implementation systems with facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior As practice shows, all these factors have a social and humidity 2013). conditions should be as well (Semenov 2016, this material have been developed: exterior insulation of of Shmelev the insulation following implementation systems with facades, interior of interior this material been exterior insulation of insulation of have framed anddeveloped: frameless garages,roofs, hangars and As shows, all these factors have aa social environmental focus. The factor is the creationand of consideration, Shmelev 2013). facades, interior insulation of mansard mansard roofs, interior As practice practice shows, all main these social factors have social and this material have been developed: exterior insulation of insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies environmental focus. main social factor is creation of As practice temperature shows, all and thesehumidity factors have a social and comfortable conditions, the main of framed and frameless garages, hangars and environmental focus. The The main social factor is the the creation of insulation facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and loggias or the element of floating floors. As practice shows, all these factors have a social and comfortable humidity conditions, the environmental focus. is The main socialoffactor is the creation of storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies and factor theand reduction energy costs. comfortable temperature temperature and humidity conditions, the main main insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and loggias or the of floors. as well as insulation environmental focus. is The main socialoffactor is the creation of storage factor the reduction energy costs. comfortable temperature and humidity conditions, the main orfacilities the element element of floating floating floors. of balconies environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs.not only loggias storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies and In the process of building system implementation, loggias or the element of floating floors. comfortable temperature and humidity conditions, the main 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs. In the process of building system implementation, not only loggias or the element of floating floors. proper application of thermal insulation (the same as any 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs. In the process of building system implementation, not only 2. PROBLEM The experimental research STATEMENT concerning the expanded proper application of insulation (the same as any In theutilities process of building system implementation, not other though) considered to be the important 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT proper application of isthermal thermal insulation (themost same as only any The experimental research the expanded In theutilities process of building system implementation, not only polyethylene applicability in the insulation framed other though) is considered to be the most important proper application of thermal insulation (the same as any 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather experimental research concerning concerningsystems the of expanded other utilities though) is considered to be the most important The polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of The experimental research concerning the expanded proper application of isthermal insulation (the same asrather any and frameless storage premises and hangars has been task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or other utilities though) considered to be the most important building up a seamless coating of insulated object is polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed framed task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather The experimental research concerning the University expanded and frameless storage premises and hangars has polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed other utilities though) is considered to beinsulated the most important performed in the National Research Moscow State building up a seamless coating of object is task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather significant as well. This kind of seamless coatings can be and frameless storage premises and hangars has been been building up a seamless coating of insulated object is performed polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed in National Research Moscow State and Civil frameless premises and participation hangars has Engineering (MGSU) ofbeen the task, but theeither minimization thermal bridges orfoam, rather significant This kind seamless coatings can building seamless coating ofpolyurethane insulated object is of implemented by means ofof or performed in the the storage National Researchwith Moscow State University University significantupas as awell. well. This kind ofspray seamless coatings can be be and Civil frameless premises and participation hangars hasofbeen of Engineering (MGSU) the performed inLtd. the storage National Research Moscow Statemechanical University building upaseither awell. seamless coating ofpolyurethane insulated object is TEPOFOL The research of with physical and implemented by means of spray foam, or significant This kind of seamless coatings can be roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or TEPOFOL performed in the National Research Moscow State University Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the significant as well. This kind of seamless coatings can be properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical roll expanded polyethylenefoam (Umnyakova 2018, only Zhuk on 2018). of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the The spray polyurethane is applicable solid properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or and interior insulation systems was carried out in roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical surfaces (preferably on rigid bases). Besides, the application and interior insulation systems was carried out in properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid and interior insulation systems was carried out in the the surfaces (preferably on rigid bases). Besides, application properties ofArchitecture Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in Russian exterior The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid possibility depends on conditions: it isthe impossible to and Research Institute of Construction Physics of interior insulation systems was carried out in the Academy of and Construction Sciences (NIISF surfaces (preferably onweather rigid bases). Besides, the application Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only solid possibility depends conditions: it impossible to surfaces onweather rigid bases). Besides, application interior insulation systems was No carried out Russian in the carry out(preferably the work on at the temperature lower than +on5°C in and Academy of Architecture and Sciences (NIISF Research Institute Physics of RAASN) as well. of TheConstruction RF Construction Patent 2645190 «Lock possibility depends on weather conditions: it is isthe impossible to Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF surfaces (preferably onweather rigid bases). Besides, the application carry out the work at the temperature lower than + 5°C in possibility depends on conditions: it is impossible to Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian RAASN) as well. The RF Patent No 2645190 «Lock of Sciences (NIISF carry out the work at the temperature lower than + 5°C in Academy as Architecture well. The and RF Construction Patent No 2645190 «Lock possibility depends on weather conditions: it is impossible to RAASN) carry out©the work Sciences (NIISF RAASN) of as Architecture well. The and RF Construction Patent No 2645190 «Lock Copyright 2018 IFACat the temperature lower than + 5°C in 803 Academy carry out© work the temperature lowerof than + 5°C in 803Hosting 2405-8963 2018, IFACat(International Federation Automatic Control) by Elsevier Ltd. The All rights RAASN) as well. RF reserved. Patent No 2645190 «Lock Copyright ©the 2018 IFAC Copyright 2018 responsibility IFAC 803Control. Peer review©under of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 2018 IFAC 803 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.191 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 803
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technology of thermal insulation material for seamless welding of connecting locks», registered 16.02.2018, has been received.
At the early stages of loading, when the strain values in the membranes have not exceeded the critical values yet, the material’s cells in the central area work under compression, and the extension of the sample is directed tangentially (Fig. 2).
The thermal insulating material based on Tepofol® noncross-linked expanded polyethylene (NXLPE), as well as insulation systems with the usage of this material were considered as the subject-matter of the research. The average density of the samples was 22 kg/m3. The determination of geometrical characteristics of the samples, their mass as well as the average compression strength have been tested in accordance with Russian standard GOST 17177-94. The evaluation of compression creep of the NXLPE samples has been performed according to Russian standard GOST EN 1606-2011. The compression strength of the expanded polyethylene samples was evaluated in the range of deformation values of 0…12 %. The products made of expanded polyethylene (both foiled one and that without foil) with the dimensions of 100×100×100 mm, 100×100×50 mm and 200×200×50 mm have been tested for the configuration factor values (the ratio of the surface area to the thickness, S/h) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 m, respectively. The tests have been performed before and after climatic treatment taking the full cycle into consideration.
Fig. 2. Scheme of deformation of the expanded polyethylene (NXLPE) samples under the load (P): στ – tangential stress; I – sample’s areas working under expansion; II – sample’s areas working under compression; 1 – press surface; 2 – NXLPE sample. The elastic extension strain is proportional to the tangential stress (στ) in the sample. Herewith, the compression resistance is proportional to the normal stress (σn) and depends on gas pressure in the polyethylene cells and strength characteristics of the polymer. The wider is the area of the sample itself (the correlation between sample’s area and its thickness), the wider area of it works under compression and the higher is its resistibility towards this compression under the load P.
3. RESULTS The tests results showed that neither cladding of the products, nor climate effect does not practically exert any influence on the mechanical properties of the expanded polyethylene samples. The strength reduction for a foiled sample does not exceed 2.1%, whereas that caused by the climate effect does not exceed 3.4% – these figures are below the value of statistical experimental error, which is equal to 4.9%.
Analysis of the loads on thermal insulating layer shown, that the loads do not exceed 15 kPa and the deformation of the thermal insulating layer is 0…1 mm. Because the deformation of the floor thermal insulation is approximately 1% of its thickness, the increase of thermal conductivity of thermal insulating layer will not exceed 1%. It means that nominal thermal conductivity of NXLPE in the floating floor construction will be 0.038×1.01=0.039 W/(m⋅K). The low vapor permeability and high resistibility to the atmospheric effects should be regarded as an advantage of NXLPE. At the same time a high combustibility of foam plastic materials is their serious disadvantage.
On the contrary, the influence of the configuration factor (S/h) due to the sample compression deformation conditions and material structure is great (Fig. 1). Expanded polyethylene represents an elastic material with the high compressive strength. Pores of the expanded polyethylene are filled with gas, and the separate membrane cells are practically gas-impermeable.
The results of acoustic tests concerning the floating floor construction on an reinforced concrete floor have been obtained, too. The performed measurements of dry screed floors impact noise level, which implied the including of roll expanded polyethylene of 10 and 20 mm thick in the capacity of a resilient layer, showed the decrease of impact noise level by 24 and 26 dB, respectively. The minimization of cold bridges (exclusion of thermal losses over the smooth insulating coating surface) provides for significant advantages to the NXLPE products in comparison with the traditional plate or roll materials. The point is that even in case of two-layer insulation with
Fig. 1. Deformation curves of the NXLPE samples: 1 – samples with the dimensions of 100×100×100 mm; 2 – samples with the dimensions of 100×100×50 mm; 3 – samples with the dimensions of 200×200×50 mm. 804
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overlapping (by means of two planar coordinates shift), it is impossible to avoid the development of cold bridges.
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of load-bearing construction. Furthermore, window and door apertures are cut through the insulating coating. At the final stage, the counter battens are fixed to the insulating coating with the help of screws and then, facade cladding is installed on them, e.g. siding et al. It is not recommended to install the thermal insulation between the timber frame construction elements.
The way of the thermal flow becomes wider, the gap clearance can be narrower (on the condition that boards have a perfectly flat geometry), but, anyway, the thermal losses occur. Ideally, the flow through the compound joint (with overlapping and machined board edge) amounts to 25…45% of thermal flow through the butt joint (Fig. 3). The remarkable thing is, that the closer the board laying is, the less intensive is the thermal flow.
b
а
c Fig. 4. Thermal insulation of the cottage: а – unreeling of the NXLPE roll; b – fixing of the thermal insulation and crosslinking of the NXLPE roll; c – arrangement of an insulating periphery and window apertures.
Fig. 3. Minimal thermal loss per unit time (W/s) for joints: 1 – butt; 2 – with a milled edge; 3 – with machined board edge and their overlapping (misalignment).
The cottage (Fig. 5) has been insulated within the scope of peripheral insulation in 2013. In order to assess the condition of the frame, the walls have been opened in March 2018.
4. DISCUSSION Seamless insulation of the structures with the application of roll material Tepofol® with heat-reflecting coating provides for an efficient insulation system thanks to the development of an integrated hermetical envelope of the building. This effect can be achieved by means of thermal welding of the locking joints, which are placed at the rolls junctions. As a result of the process of such monolithic insulation, it is possible to obtain the seamless insulating coating, which does not have thermal bridges over the smooth surface and prevents from the indoor moisture penetration. In this case, the efficiency of thermal insulating skin significantly increases, the interior temperature stays at the present level and the costs for internal heating reduce. This method as well as the thermal insulating material itself has been developed by TEPOFOL Ltd.
Fig. 5. Framed construction state after five-year maintenance period. The research objectives involved the state assessment of wood-frame constructions with respect to the following criteria: wood moisture content, drop condensation, defects occurrence, fungus occurrence on the internal frame construction system and general visual examination.
The framing system with peripheral insulation is meant to be used within the scope of cottages insulation (Fig. 4). It is recommended to use the wooden products saturated with fireretardant and antiseptic agents as a frame. The NXLPE rolls Tepofol® (the roll of any length can be manufactured in conformity with technical requirements) are reeled out along the perimeter of the building and fixed to the timber posts by means of headed screws.
The opening revealed the satisfactory state of all wooden elements. No external evidences of defects of frame wooden elements have been established. There were no structural or property changes on the contact’s surface “wood – expanded polyethylene”. In the authors opinion, it can be explained by the low water absorption ability of the expanded polyethylene and polymer neutrality towards the majority of building materials.
Additionally, the expanded polyethylene is mechanically fixed along the window perimeter. The length of the connecting element is equal to the length of NXLPE insulating layer plus 10…20 mm in dependence on the type
The seamless insulation system really builds up a vapourimpermeable coating, but no exceeding moisturization of the 805
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frame occurs. The examination showed that the wood moisture content does not exceed 14% in the frame, while the normal amount of moisture for pine is 15…20 %. The indoor relative humidity in the house corresponded to 20 % and even higher, so the owners should obligingly moisturize the rooms by means of air and vapour generators.
Seamless insulation of hangar vegetable storehouses with the application of roll material Tepofol® with heat-reflecting coating provides for an efficient insulation system of vegetable storage thanks to the development of an integrated hermetical envelope of the building (Fig. 6, 7). The minimization of cold bridges (exclusion of thermal losses over the smooth insulating coating surface) provides for a significant advantages to the NXLPE products in comparison with the traditional plate or roll materials.
The application of engineering air change systems (recuperating heat exchanger in this case) provides for fresh air flow and allows keeping the relative indoor air humidity, which does not exceed 40%. So, the excessive moist vapour does not condensate on the frame elements but aims to the inside of the room and further in the atmosphere through the air change system.
For storage facilities, where the long-term storage of agricultural products is foreseen, the crucial choice aspect turn to be the ecological compatibility and insulant harmlessness. Expanded polyethylene is absolutely safe for people and plants, it will not inflict any damage on animals and nutrition products. It does not evolve the toxic agents during the maintenance period, particularly at high temperatures. Resistance to the aggressive biological environment and chemical neutrality of the material allow using special washing detergents and solutions within the frame of periodical indoor sanitary and hygienic cleaning.
The roll expanded polyethylene layed down on a rigid base forms the basis of dry screed floating floor system. The separate rolls are connected in an interlocking joint and welded with hot air.
5. CONCLUSIONS The application of the seamless junction technology with the usage of hot-air welding allows the development of a seamless insulating blanket that consequently allows excluding an additional vapor barrier and windproof layer out of the structure. The RF Patent No 2645190 «Lock technology of thermal insulation material for seamless welding of connecting locks», registered 16.02.2018, has been received. Fig. 6. Installation of insulation coating of a hangar
Thermal and energy efficiency of the insulating envelope accomplished by means of NXLPE rolls significantly increases with the application of the material with the heatreflecting layer. Herewith, the metallized coating is placed inside the insulated space and the insulant itself is fixed directly to the load-bearing frame.
In order to exclude thermal bridges and vibration transfers (structural noise), the expanded polyethylene is set up on the wall and fixed with the mechanical mounting. This action completely guarantees the implementation of floating floor basic task – building up an insulating coating with minimal quantity of joints and heat-conducting elements when separating the floor covering construction from its loadbearing elements.
The technology is implemented within the scope of insulation systems of framed cottages facades, framed and frameless storage facilities, hangars and storehouses and within the dry screed floating floor systems as well. The realization of modern thermal insulation technologies (as well as warmth-keeping) of the food stores and vegetable storehouses not only solves the problem of their all-season energy-efficient usage but directly influences the efficiency of the storage system of horticultural production in such buildings. The construction of low-cost housing, including that for shift maintenance is, in itself, a socially important factor. The low construction cost makes it attractive for business. Optimization of energy costs, both for heating the premises in winter, and for maintaining a comfortable or technologically prescribed regime all year round, allows saving energy resources and can be considered as a component of environmental design.
Fig. 7. Thermal-imaging filming of an insulated hangar
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REFERENCES Gnip, I.J., Keršulis, V.J., Vaitkus, S.J. (2005). Analytical description of the creep of expanded polystyrene under compressive loading. Mechanics of Composite materials. Vol.41, no.4, pp. 357—364. Gnip, I.J., Keršulis, V.J., Vaitkus, S.J. (2012). Confidence intervals forecasting creep deformation of foam polystyrene. Construction Materials. no.12, pp. 40—44. Rumyantsev, B.M., Zhukov, A.D., Zelenshikov, D.B., Chkunin, A.S., Ivanov, K.K., Sazonova, Yu.V. (2016). Insulation systems of the building constructions, in: MATEC Web of Conferences. Vol.86. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20168604027/ Semenov, V.S., Rozovskaya, T.A., Gubsky, A.Yu. (2016) Prospects for the use of secondary polyester fibers for the production of heat and sound insulation materials // Building Materials. 2016. № 6. рр. 21—24. Shmelev, S.E. (2013). Ways to choose the optimal set of energy-saving measures. Building Materials, no.3, рр. 7—9. Umnyakova, N.P., Tsygankov, V.M., Kuzmin, V.A. (2018) Experimental Heat Engineering Studies for Rational Design of Wall Structures with Reflecting Heat Insulation // Housing construction. 2018. № 1-2. рр. 38—42. Zhuk, P.M., Zhukov, A.D. (2018). Normative legal base of environmental assessment of building materials: prospects for improvement // Ecology and industry of Russia. 2018. № 4. рр. 52—57. Zhukov, A.D, Semenov, V.S, Gnip, I.J., Vaitkus, S.J. (2017). The investigation of expanded polystyrene creep behavior. Proceedings of the XXVI R-S-P Seminar 2017, Theoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering (Warsaw August 19th-21th, 2017), in: MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 117, no. 24, 0018426 th R-S-P, code: 129222 5. Zhukov, A.D., Ter-Zakaryan, K.A., Zayafarov, A.V., Petrovsky Ye.S., Tuchaev D.U. (2017) Insulation systems for pitched roofs // Roofs and roofs. 2017 №6. рp. 27—29 Zhukov, A.D., Ter-Zakaryan, K.A., Tuchaev, D.U., Petrovskij, E.S. (2018). Energy-efficient warming of food warehouses and vegetable stores // International Agricultural Journal. 2018. № 1(361), pp. 65—67.
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IFAC with PapersOnLine (2018) 803–807 Insulation systems the51-30 expanded polyethylene application Insulation systems with the expanded Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene polyethylene application application Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene application A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** Insulation systems with K. the polyethylene application A. D. Zhukov*, A. expanded Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov***
A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** A. D. Zhukov*, A. Ter-Zakaryan**, Semenov*** *National ResearchK. Moscow State UniversityV. of S. Civil Engineering, A. D. Zhukov*, K. A. Ter-Zakaryan**, V. S. Semenov*** *National Research Moscow State University of Civil 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Engineering, 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: e-mail: [email protected]) *National Research Moscow State University ofof Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (Tel: +7 (903) 567-83-49; e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, **TEPOFOL Ltd., 105318, Russia, Moscow, Shcherbakovskaya str. 3, Engineering, of. 606, ([email protected]) 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) ***National Research Moscow State University of Civil 129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337,***National Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye shosse 26 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: 129337, The aspects of Moscow, the effectYaroslavskoye of the application insulation systems on social and Russia, shosseof26effective (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Theproblems aspects of of the effect of of Itthe the application that of effective effective insulation systems on social social and environmental arethe considered. is emphasized the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects effect application of insulation systems on and environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects of the effect of the application of effective insulation systems on social and systems is possible in the process of construction of any type of low-rise buildings in any climatic region. environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation Abstract: The aspects of the effect of Itshells the application ofstructures effective insulation systems on social and systems is possible possible in the the process of construction construction ofbuilding any type type ofthelow-rise low-rise buildings indeveloped any climatic climatic region. environmental problems are considered. is emphasized that application of the insulation The thermal resistance of the insulation ofof with different types of junction of systems is in process of any of buildings in any region. environmental problems are considered. It is emphasized that the application of the developed insulation The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of systems is possible in the process of construction of any type of low-rise buildings in any climatic region. insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of systems is polyethylene possible in the process of construction ofbuilding anyjoint typestructures of low-rise buildings in types any climatic region. insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis of The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of with different of junction expanded with the help of the locking separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis of The thermal resistance of the insulation shells of building structures with different types of junction of expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is insulating sheets was estimated. The possibility of placing seamless insulating coatings on the basis considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with the help of the locking joint of separate sheets with hot air welding is screed or with a protective layer as well as in insulation systems of frame cottages and insulation of considered. The expediency of using expanded polyethylene in floating floors with a monolithic floor expanded polyethylene with theusing help of the joint of sheets with hot airinsulation welding is screed or or warehouses with protective layer as well as in inlocking insulation systems of frame frame cottages and of considered. Theaa expediency of expanded polyethylene inseparate floating floors withinsulation a and monolithic floor frameless and hangars is grounded. Examples ofsystems work performed in the of facades screed with protective layer as well as insulation of cottages insulation of considered. Thea expediency of hangars using expanded polyethylene in floating floors withinsulation a and monolithic floor frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the of facades screed or with protective layer as well as in insulation systems of frame cottages insulation of of frame cottages and frameless are given. In addition, the results concerning the state of wooden frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the insulation of facades screed orcottages withstructures a protective layer as well asgiven. inExamples insulation of frame cottages insulation of of frame frame and frameless frameless hangars areoperation Inwere addition, the results results concerning theand state of wooden frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. ofsystems work performed in the insulation of wooden facades frame cottage after fivehangars years of also examined asconcerning well. of cottages and are given. In addition, the the state of frameless warehouses and hangars is grounded. Examples of work performed in the insulation of wooden facades frame cottage structures after five years of operation were also examined as well. of frame cottages and frameless hangars are given. In addition, the results concerning the state of frame cottage structures afterFederation five years operation were also examined assheet well.Ltd. © frame 2018, IFAC (International ofof Automatic Hosting by Elsevier All Keywords: expanded insulation systems, polymer welding, tensile of cottages and polyethylene, frameless are given. InControl) addition, the results therights statereserved. ofstrength, wooden frame cottage structures after fivehangars years of operation were also examined asconcerning well.bonding, Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. frame cottage structures after five years of operation were also examined as well. Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. Keywords: polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performanceexpanded characteristics. Keywords: expanded polyethylene, insulation systems, polymer welding, sheet bonding, tensile strength, performance characteristics. particular. The insulation system durability depends mostly performance characteristics. 1. INTRODUCTION particular. insulation system durability depends on polymerThe adhesion, the realization of an particular. Thecoating insulation systemand durability depends mostly mostly 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization particular. The insulation system durability depends mostly efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature The application of1. INTRODUCTION energy-efficient building insulation on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization of of an an particular. Thecoating insulation system durability depends mostly efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature on polymer adhesion, and the realization of The an and atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The application of energy-efficient building insulation systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks 1. INTRODUCTION efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature The application of energy-efficient building insulation on polymer coating adhesion, and the realization of an and atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature applying process itself involves the additional safety systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks The application of energy-efficient building insulation (Gnip 2005, Gnip 2012, Rumyantsev 2005). First of all, the atmospheric conditions during the applying process. The systems focuses on solving of four following groups of tasks and efficient insulating layer is determined by the temperature applying process itself involves the additional safety atmospheric conditions during thethe applying process. The requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov The application ofsolving energy-efficient building insulation (Gnip Gnip Rumyantsev 2005). First all, the systems focuses on2012, of fourthermal following groups of energy saving (decrease of direct losses) isof to and applying process itself involves additional safety (Gnip 2005, 2005, Gnip 2012, Rumyantsev 2005). First ofmeant all,tasks the and atmospheric conditions during thethe applying process. The requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov applying process itself involves additional safety 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). systems focuses on2012, solving of fourthermal following groups of tasks energy saving (decrease of direct losses) is meant to (Gnip 2005, Gnip Rumyantsev 2005). First of all, the be provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov energy saving (decrease of direct thermal losses) is meant to applying process itself involves the additional safety 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). requirements because of the components toxicity (Zhukov (Gnip 2005, Gnip 2012,the Rumyantsev 2005). First all, the be structures durability (protection of energy savingSecondly, (decrease of direct thermal losses) isofmeant to 2017a, Zhukov 2017b, Zhukov 2018). load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal be provided. provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of all the because special expanded polyethylene (low requirements of the of components toxicity (Zhukov 2017a, Zhukov 2017b,features Zhukov 2018). energy saving (decrease ofshould direct thermal losses) is meant to Taking load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal be provided. Secondly, the structures durability (protection of influence and moisture) be provided for. Thirdly, load-bearing structures against the dangerous thermal density Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene and thermal conductivity, very low moisture and 2017a, Zhukov 2017b,features Zhukovof 2018). be provided. indoor Secondly, theshould structures durability (protection of Taking all the special expanded polyethylene (low (low influence moisture) provided for. load-bearing against the thermal comfortable conditions arebe set to dangerous be arranged. In the influence and and structures moisture) should be provided for. Thirdly, Thirdly, density and thermal conductivity, very low moisture Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene (low vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing load-bearing structures against theto dangerous thermal density and thermal conductivity, very low moisture and and comfortable indoor conditions set arranged. In the influence and moisture) be for. Thirdly, fourth place, providing forshould theare appropriate Taking all the special features of expanded polyethylene comfortable indoor conditions are set provided to be be temperature arranged. In and the density vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing and conductivity, very low moisture (low and qualities andthermal sufficient strength characteristics) into influence and moisture) should be provided for. Thirdly, vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing fourth place, providing for the appropriate temperature and comfortable indoor conditions are set to be arranged. In the humidity conditions as well (Semenov andandthermal conductivity, very low waterproofing moisture with and fourth place, providingshould for thebeappropriate temperature2016, and density qualities sufficient strength characteristics) into vapor permeability, high combustibility, high consideration, the following implementation systems comfortable indoor conditions are as set to be(Semenov arranged. In the qualities and sufficient strength characteristics) into humidity conditions should 2016, fourth place, providing for thebe temperature and Shmelev 2013). vapor permeability, high combustibility, high waterproofing humidity conditions should beappropriate as well well (Semenov 2016, the following implementation systems qualities andhave strength characteristics) into this material been developed: exterior insulationwith of fourth place, providingshould for thebeappropriate temperature2016, and consideration, consideration, thesufficient following implementation systems with Shmelev 2013). humidity conditions as well (Semenov qualities andhave sufficient strength characteristics) into Shmelev 2013). this material been developed: exterior insulation consideration, the following implementation systems with facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior As practice shows, all these factors have a social and humidity 2013). conditions should be as well (Semenov 2016, this material have been developed: exterior insulation of of Shmelev the insulation following implementation systems with facades, interior of interior this material been exterior insulation of insulation of have framed anddeveloped: frameless garages,roofs, hangars and As shows, all these factors have aa social environmental focus. The factor is the creationand of consideration, Shmelev 2013). facades, interior insulation of mansard mansard roofs, interior As practice practice shows, all main these social factors have social and this material have been developed: exterior insulation of insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies environmental focus. main social factor is creation of As practice temperature shows, all and thesehumidity factors have a social and comfortable conditions, the main of framed and frameless garages, hangars and environmental focus. The The main social factor is the the creation of insulation facades, interior insulation of mansard roofs, interior storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and loggias or the element of floating floors. As practice shows, all these factors have a social and comfortable humidity conditions, the environmental focus. is The main socialoffactor is the creation of storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies and factor theand reduction energy costs. comfortable temperature temperature and humidity conditions, the main main insulation of framed and frameless garages, hangars and loggias or the of floors. as well as insulation environmental focus. is The main socialoffactor is the creation of storage factor the reduction energy costs. comfortable temperature and humidity conditions, the main orfacilities the element element of floating floating floors. of balconies environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs.not only loggias storage facilities as well as insulation of balconies and In the process of building system implementation, loggias or the element of floating floors. comfortable temperature and humidity conditions, the main 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs. In the process of building system implementation, not only loggias or the element of floating floors. proper application of thermal insulation (the same as any 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT environmental factor is the reduction of energy costs. In the process of building system implementation, not only 2. PROBLEM The experimental research STATEMENT concerning the expanded proper application of insulation (the same as any In theutilities process of building system implementation, not other though) considered to be the important 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT proper application of isthermal thermal insulation (themost same as only any The experimental research the expanded In theutilities process of building system implementation, not only polyethylene applicability in the insulation framed other though) is considered to be the most important proper application of thermal insulation (the same as any 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather experimental research concerning concerningsystems the of expanded other utilities though) is considered to be the most important The polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of The experimental research concerning the expanded proper application of isthermal insulation (the same asrather any and frameless storage premises and hangars has been task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or other utilities though) considered to be the most important building up a seamless coating of insulated object is polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed framed task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather The experimental research concerning the University expanded and frameless storage premises and hangars has polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed other utilities though) is considered to beinsulated the most important performed in the National Research Moscow State building up a seamless coating of object is task, but the minimization of thermal bridges or rather significant as well. This kind of seamless coatings can be and frameless storage premises and hangars has been been building up a seamless coating of insulated object is performed polyethylene applicability in the insulation systems of framed in National Research Moscow State and Civil frameless premises and participation hangars has Engineering (MGSU) ofbeen the task, but theeither minimization thermal bridges orfoam, rather significant This kind seamless coatings can building seamless coating ofpolyurethane insulated object is of implemented by means ofof or performed in the the storage National Researchwith Moscow State University University significantupas as awell. well. This kind ofspray seamless coatings can be be and Civil frameless premises and participation hangars hasofbeen of Engineering (MGSU) the performed inLtd. the storage National Research Moscow Statemechanical University building upaseither awell. seamless coating ofpolyurethane insulated object is TEPOFOL The research of with physical and implemented by means of spray foam, or significant This kind of seamless coatings can be roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or TEPOFOL performed in the National Research Moscow State University Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the significant as well. This kind of seamless coatings can be properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical roll expanded polyethylenefoam (Umnyakova 2018, only Zhuk on 2018). of Civil Engineering (MGSU) with participation of the The spray polyurethane is applicable solid properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical implemented either by means of spray polyurethane foam, or and interior insulation systems was carried out in roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid TEPOFOL Ltd. The research of physical and mechanical surfaces (preferably on rigid bases). Besides, the application and interior insulation systems was carried out in properties of Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in exterior roll expanded polyethylene (Umnyakova 2018, Zhuk 2018). Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid and interior insulation systems was carried out in the the surfaces (preferably on rigid bases). Besides, application properties ofArchitecture Tepofol® expanded polyethylene in Russian exterior The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only on solid possibility depends on conditions: it isthe impossible to and Research Institute of Construction Physics of interior insulation systems was carried out in the Academy of and Construction Sciences (NIISF surfaces (preferably onweather rigid bases). Besides, the application Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian The spray polyurethane foam is applicable only solid possibility depends conditions: it impossible to surfaces onweather rigid bases). Besides, application interior insulation systems was No carried out Russian in the carry out(preferably the work on at the temperature lower than +on5°C in and Academy of Architecture and Sciences (NIISF Research Institute Physics of RAASN) as well. of TheConstruction RF Construction Patent 2645190 «Lock possibility depends on weather conditions: it is isthe impossible to Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF surfaces (preferably onweather rigid bases). Besides, the application carry out the work at the temperature lower than + 5°C in possibility depends on conditions: it is impossible to Research Institute of Construction Physics of Russian RAASN) as well. The RF Patent No 2645190 «Lock of Sciences (NIISF carry out the work at the temperature lower than + 5°C in Academy as Architecture well. The and RF Construction Patent No 2645190 «Lock possibility depends on weather conditions: it is impossible to RAASN) carry out©the work Sciences (NIISF RAASN) of as Architecture well. The and RF Construction Patent No 2645190 «Lock Copyright 2018 IFACat the temperature lower than + 5°C in 803 Academy carry out© work the temperature lowerof than + 5°C in 803Hosting 2405-8963 2018, IFACat(International Federation Automatic Control) by Elsevier Ltd. The All rights RAASN) as well. RF reserved. Patent No 2645190 «Lock Copyright ©the 2018 IFAC Copyright 2018 responsibility IFAC 803Control. Peer review©under of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 2018 IFAC 803 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.191 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 803
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technology of thermal insulation material for seamless welding of connecting locks», registered 16.02.2018, has been received.
At the early stages of loading, when the strain values in the membranes have not exceeded the critical values yet, the material’s cells in the central area work under compression, and the extension of the sample is directed tangentially (Fig. 2).
The thermal insulating material based on Tepofol® noncross-linked expanded polyethylene (NXLPE), as well as insulation systems with the usage of this material were considered as the subject-matter of the research. The average density of the samples was 22 kg/m3. The determination of geometrical characteristics of the samples, their mass as well as the average compression strength have been tested in accordance with Russian standard GOST 17177-94. The evaluation of compression creep of the NXLPE samples has been performed according to Russian standard GOST EN 1606-2011. The compression strength of the expanded polyethylene samples was evaluated in the range of deformation values of 0…12 %. The products made of expanded polyethylene (both foiled one and that without foil) with the dimensions of 100×100×100 mm, 100×100×50 mm and 200×200×50 mm have been tested for the configuration factor values (the ratio of the surface area to the thickness, S/h) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 m, respectively. The tests have been performed before and after climatic treatment taking the full cycle into consideration.
Fig. 2. Scheme of deformation of the expanded polyethylene (NXLPE) samples under the load (P): στ – tangential stress; I – sample’s areas working under expansion; II – sample’s areas working under compression; 1 – press surface; 2 – NXLPE sample. The elastic extension strain is proportional to the tangential stress (στ) in the sample. Herewith, the compression resistance is proportional to the normal stress (σn) and depends on gas pressure in the polyethylene cells and strength characteristics of the polymer. The wider is the area of the sample itself (the correlation between sample’s area and its thickness), the wider area of it works under compression and the higher is its resistibility towards this compression under the load P.
3. RESULTS The tests results showed that neither cladding of the products, nor climate effect does not practically exert any influence on the mechanical properties of the expanded polyethylene samples. The strength reduction for a foiled sample does not exceed 2.1%, whereas that caused by the climate effect does not exceed 3.4% – these figures are below the value of statistical experimental error, which is equal to 4.9%.
Analysis of the loads on thermal insulating layer shown, that the loads do not exceed 15 kPa and the deformation of the thermal insulating layer is 0…1 mm. Because the deformation of the floor thermal insulation is approximately 1% of its thickness, the increase of thermal conductivity of thermal insulating layer will not exceed 1%. It means that nominal thermal conductivity of NXLPE in the floating floor construction will be 0.038×1.01=0.039 W/(m⋅K). The low vapor permeability and high resistibility to the atmospheric effects should be regarded as an advantage of NXLPE. At the same time a high combustibility of foam plastic materials is their serious disadvantage.
On the contrary, the influence of the configuration factor (S/h) due to the sample compression deformation conditions and material structure is great (Fig. 1). Expanded polyethylene represents an elastic material with the high compressive strength. Pores of the expanded polyethylene are filled with gas, and the separate membrane cells are practically gas-impermeable.
The results of acoustic tests concerning the floating floor construction on an reinforced concrete floor have been obtained, too. The performed measurements of dry screed floors impact noise level, which implied the including of roll expanded polyethylene of 10 and 20 mm thick in the capacity of a resilient layer, showed the decrease of impact noise level by 24 and 26 dB, respectively. The minimization of cold bridges (exclusion of thermal losses over the smooth insulating coating surface) provides for significant advantages to the NXLPE products in comparison with the traditional plate or roll materials. The point is that even in case of two-layer insulation with
Fig. 1. Deformation curves of the NXLPE samples: 1 – samples with the dimensions of 100×100×100 mm; 2 – samples with the dimensions of 100×100×50 mm; 3 – samples with the dimensions of 200×200×50 mm. 804
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overlapping (by means of two planar coordinates shift), it is impossible to avoid the development of cold bridges.
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of load-bearing construction. Furthermore, window and door apertures are cut through the insulating coating. At the final stage, the counter battens are fixed to the insulating coating with the help of screws and then, facade cladding is installed on them, e.g. siding et al. It is not recommended to install the thermal insulation between the timber frame construction elements.
The way of the thermal flow becomes wider, the gap clearance can be narrower (on the condition that boards have a perfectly flat geometry), but, anyway, the thermal losses occur. Ideally, the flow through the compound joint (with overlapping and machined board edge) amounts to 25…45% of thermal flow through the butt joint (Fig. 3). The remarkable thing is, that the closer the board laying is, the less intensive is the thermal flow.
b
а
c Fig. 4. Thermal insulation of the cottage: а – unreeling of the NXLPE roll; b – fixing of the thermal insulation and crosslinking of the NXLPE roll; c – arrangement of an insulating periphery and window apertures.
Fig. 3. Minimal thermal loss per unit time (W/s) for joints: 1 – butt; 2 – with a milled edge; 3 – with machined board edge and their overlapping (misalignment).
The cottage (Fig. 5) has been insulated within the scope of peripheral insulation in 2013. In order to assess the condition of the frame, the walls have been opened in March 2018.
4. DISCUSSION Seamless insulation of the structures with the application of roll material Tepofol® with heat-reflecting coating provides for an efficient insulation system thanks to the development of an integrated hermetical envelope of the building. This effect can be achieved by means of thermal welding of the locking joints, which are placed at the rolls junctions. As a result of the process of such monolithic insulation, it is possible to obtain the seamless insulating coating, which does not have thermal bridges over the smooth surface and prevents from the indoor moisture penetration. In this case, the efficiency of thermal insulating skin significantly increases, the interior temperature stays at the present level and the costs for internal heating reduce. This method as well as the thermal insulating material itself has been developed by TEPOFOL Ltd.
Fig. 5. Framed construction state after five-year maintenance period. The research objectives involved the state assessment of wood-frame constructions with respect to the following criteria: wood moisture content, drop condensation, defects occurrence, fungus occurrence on the internal frame construction system and general visual examination.
The framing system with peripheral insulation is meant to be used within the scope of cottages insulation (Fig. 4). It is recommended to use the wooden products saturated with fireretardant and antiseptic agents as a frame. The NXLPE rolls Tepofol® (the roll of any length can be manufactured in conformity with technical requirements) are reeled out along the perimeter of the building and fixed to the timber posts by means of headed screws.
The opening revealed the satisfactory state of all wooden elements. No external evidences of defects of frame wooden elements have been established. There were no structural or property changes on the contact’s surface “wood – expanded polyethylene”. In the authors opinion, it can be explained by the low water absorption ability of the expanded polyethylene and polymer neutrality towards the majority of building materials.
Additionally, the expanded polyethylene is mechanically fixed along the window perimeter. The length of the connecting element is equal to the length of NXLPE insulating layer plus 10…20 mm in dependence on the type
The seamless insulation system really builds up a vapourimpermeable coating, but no exceeding moisturization of the 805
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frame occurs. The examination showed that the wood moisture content does not exceed 14% in the frame, while the normal amount of moisture for pine is 15…20 %. The indoor relative humidity in the house corresponded to 20 % and even higher, so the owners should obligingly moisturize the rooms by means of air and vapour generators.
Seamless insulation of hangar vegetable storehouses with the application of roll material Tepofol® with heat-reflecting coating provides for an efficient insulation system of vegetable storage thanks to the development of an integrated hermetical envelope of the building (Fig. 6, 7). The minimization of cold bridges (exclusion of thermal losses over the smooth insulating coating surface) provides for a significant advantages to the NXLPE products in comparison with the traditional plate or roll materials.
The application of engineering air change systems (recuperating heat exchanger in this case) provides for fresh air flow and allows keeping the relative indoor air humidity, which does not exceed 40%. So, the excessive moist vapour does not condensate on the frame elements but aims to the inside of the room and further in the atmosphere through the air change system.
For storage facilities, where the long-term storage of agricultural products is foreseen, the crucial choice aspect turn to be the ecological compatibility and insulant harmlessness. Expanded polyethylene is absolutely safe for people and plants, it will not inflict any damage on animals and nutrition products. It does not evolve the toxic agents during the maintenance period, particularly at high temperatures. Resistance to the aggressive biological environment and chemical neutrality of the material allow using special washing detergents and solutions within the frame of periodical indoor sanitary and hygienic cleaning.
The roll expanded polyethylene layed down on a rigid base forms the basis of dry screed floating floor system. The separate rolls are connected in an interlocking joint and welded with hot air.
5. CONCLUSIONS The application of the seamless junction technology with the usage of hot-air welding allows the development of a seamless insulating blanket that consequently allows excluding an additional vapor barrier and windproof layer out of the structure. The RF Patent No 2645190 «Lock technology of thermal insulation material for seamless welding of connecting locks», registered 16.02.2018, has been received. Fig. 6. Installation of insulation coating of a hangar
Thermal and energy efficiency of the insulating envelope accomplished by means of NXLPE rolls significantly increases with the application of the material with the heatreflecting layer. Herewith, the metallized coating is placed inside the insulated space and the insulant itself is fixed directly to the load-bearing frame.
In order to exclude thermal bridges and vibration transfers (structural noise), the expanded polyethylene is set up on the wall and fixed with the mechanical mounting. This action completely guarantees the implementation of floating floor basic task – building up an insulating coating with minimal quantity of joints and heat-conducting elements when separating the floor covering construction from its loadbearing elements.
The technology is implemented within the scope of insulation systems of framed cottages facades, framed and frameless storage facilities, hangars and storehouses and within the dry screed floating floor systems as well. The realization of modern thermal insulation technologies (as well as warmth-keeping) of the food stores and vegetable storehouses not only solves the problem of their all-season energy-efficient usage but directly influences the efficiency of the storage system of horticultural production in such buildings. The construction of low-cost housing, including that for shift maintenance is, in itself, a socially important factor. The low construction cost makes it attractive for business. Optimization of energy costs, both for heating the premises in winter, and for maintaining a comfortable or technologically prescribed regime all year round, allows saving energy resources and can be considered as a component of environmental design.
Fig. 7. Thermal-imaging filming of an insulated hangar
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