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Integrated risk analysis of global climate change
Chemosphere Abstracts
iv
equation of state, p = pRT and an assumed hydrostatic atmosphere, Ap = -pgAz, are used to diagnostically calculate the zonal mean pressure and vertical velocity for each grid node, and the moisture balance equation is used to estimate the precipitation rate. The performance of the model at simulating the two-dimensional temperature, zonal winds, and mass stream function is discussed here. The strengths and weaknesses of the model are highlighted and plans for future model experiments and improvements are given. The parameterization of the transient eddy fluxes of heat and momentum developed by Stone and Yao (1987 and 1990) are used with small modifications. These modifications are shown to improve the performance of the model at simulating the observed climate system as well as increase the model's computational stability.
Chemosphere, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 1193-1208, 1995 METHANE
EMISSION FROM PADDY SOILS FERTILIZED COWDUNG AND FARMYARD MANURE
WITH
A. Banik, M. Sen , S.P. Sen Department of Botany, University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235, India
(R~¢ivedinUSA13July1994;ac~p~d5J~ua~l~5) ABSTRACT
Methane emission from rice paddies, which thrive best in waterlogged fields, where the anaerobic condition favours the activities of methanogens in presence of organic matter, is believed to contribute substantially to the increase in the methane content of the atmosphere. Since India is one of the major rice-growing regions of the world, where in some areas farmyard manure prepared from cowdung, rich in methanogens, are used as fertilizers, the methanogenic potential of this age-old practice was studied. The rate of methane emission from inundated rice fields (cv IR-36) was increased appreciably due to cowdung and farmyard manure application, the emission increasing with increasing doses of these fertilizers. The emission was further enhanced when superphosphate and potash were also added. Treatment of sterile soils with non-sterile cowdung and farmyard manure gave higher rates of methane production than when non-sterile soil was treated with sterile cowdung or farmyard manure, indicating that the methanogens present in cowdung and farmyard manure contribute significantly to methane production in soil. As compared to unamended soil farmyard manure increased methane emission through rice plants by about 80% over the entire growth period.
Forthcoming Paper
INTEGRATED RISK ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Alexander Shlyakhter ~, L. James Valverde A., Jr}, Richard Wilson ~" tDepartment of Physics, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, and Northeast Regional Center for Global Environmental Change Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA 2Sloan School of Management and Technology, Management, and Policy P?ogram Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
ChemosphereAbstracts
ABSTRACT This paper discuss several factors that should be considered ill integrated risk analyses of global climate change. We begin by describing how the problem of global climate change can be subdivided into largely independent parts, which can then be linked together in an analytically tractable fashion. Uncertainty plays a central role/n integrated risk analyses of global climate change. Accordingly, we consider various aspects of uncertainty as they relate to the problem of global climate change. We also consider the impacts of these uncertainties on risk management issues, such as sequential decision strategies, value of information, and problems of interregional and intergenerational equity.
iv
equation of state, p = pRT and an assumed hydrostatic atmosphere, Ap = -pgAz, are used to diagnostically calculate the zonal mean pressure and vertical velocity for each grid node, and the moisture balance equation is used to estimate the precipitation rate. The performance of the model at simulating the two-dimensional temperature, zonal winds, and mass stream function is discussed here. The strengths and weaknesses of the model are highlighted and plans for future model experiments and improvements are given. The parameterization of the transient eddy fluxes of heat and momentum developed by Stone and Yao (1987 and 1990) are used with small modifications. These modifications are shown to improve the performance of the model at simulating the observed climate system as well as increase the model's computational stability.
Chemosphere, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 1193-1208, 1995 METHANE
EMISSION FROM PADDY SOILS FERTILIZED COWDUNG AND FARMYARD MANURE
WITH
A. Banik, M. Sen , S.P. Sen Department of Botany, University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235, India
(R~¢ivedinUSA13July1994;ac~p~d5J~ua~l~5) ABSTRACT
Methane emission from rice paddies, which thrive best in waterlogged fields, where the anaerobic condition favours the activities of methanogens in presence of organic matter, is believed to contribute substantially to the increase in the methane content of the atmosphere. Since India is one of the major rice-growing regions of the world, where in some areas farmyard manure prepared from cowdung, rich in methanogens, are used as fertilizers, the methanogenic potential of this age-old practice was studied. The rate of methane emission from inundated rice fields (cv IR-36) was increased appreciably due to cowdung and farmyard manure application, the emission increasing with increasing doses of these fertilizers. The emission was further enhanced when superphosphate and potash were also added. Treatment of sterile soils with non-sterile cowdung and farmyard manure gave higher rates of methane production than when non-sterile soil was treated with sterile cowdung or farmyard manure, indicating that the methanogens present in cowdung and farmyard manure contribute significantly to methane production in soil. As compared to unamended soil farmyard manure increased methane emission through rice plants by about 80% over the entire growth period.
Forthcoming Paper
INTEGRATED RISK ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Alexander Shlyakhter ~, L. James Valverde A., Jr}, Richard Wilson ~" tDepartment of Physics, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, and Northeast Regional Center for Global Environmental Change Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA 2Sloan School of Management and Technology, Management, and Policy P?ogram Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
ChemosphereAbstracts
ABSTRACT This paper discuss several factors that should be considered ill integrated risk analyses of global climate change. We begin by describing how the problem of global climate change can be subdivided into largely independent parts, which can then be linked together in an analytically tractable fashion. Uncertainty plays a central role/n integrated risk analyses of global climate change. Accordingly, we consider various aspects of uncertainty as they relate to the problem of global climate change. We also consider the impacts of these uncertainties on risk management issues, such as sequential decision strategies, value of information, and problems of interregional and intergenerational equity.