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Integration mechanisms of local analyzers
Posters session 2 / International Journal of Psychophysiology 69 (2008) 242–275
New method of hypnosuggested correction in complex therapy drug addiction syndrome S.Yu. Konenkov a, Y.I. Polyakov a, M.N. Vetrova b, K.V. Melnichuk c Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, St. Petersburg, Russia b Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia c Laboratory of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
a
The purpose of the development of the new method of hypnosuggested correction is the increase of the efficiency of the subsequent medical effect of suggestion. The essence of the offered method consists in introduction the patient in a condition of raised suggestibility (due to the reduction of cortical control) as a result of immersing the patient in a medical superficial sleep by means as a non narcotic hypnotic — diprivan. Diprivan allows the patient quickly to plunge into a condition of a superficial sleep, and it is easy to awake the patient from this condition, thus the consciousness is restored quickly enough without a subjective sensation of drowsening, slackness. Diprivan is combined with other analgetics and neuroleptics, that allows us to resort to procedures at the end of the abstinence syndrome. The suggestion is carried out at a stage of falling asleep and awakening. This is used either as the direct speech of the doctor or as the audiogram of this speech. Moreover, in our offered way are used specially prepared audiograms, which raise suggestibility, provide repeatability of the concrete formulas. The realization of 3–5 sessions with an obligatory discussion with the patient the condition after each of them is desirable. The way is approved in the Institute clinic during the treatment of 42 patients at the age from 23 till 50 years. The patients with the diagnosis of drug addiction — 15 men, with alcoholic dependence — 24. In three patients dependence was observed on several kinds of psychoactive substances. The experience of opiate drug addiction lasted from 3 till 11 years, experience of alcoholism from 2 till 18 years. The most part of the patients was treated in the Institute Clinic, where from 2 up to 4 sessions of psychotherapy with the introduction of diprivan sleep were carried out. In out-patient conditions the patient was administered by supporting procedures with a frequency of 1–3 times per month. In the overwhelming majority of patients (38 men) a significant reduction of alarm, an improvement of their emotional condition was noted, periods of remission were extended. The use of the described way of treatment allows us to raise the efficiency psychotherapy in a complex treatment of different types of addictive patients.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.202 Use of short-term xenon narcosis for exponentiation of suggestive influence to psychotherapeutic correction in narcology S.Yu. Konenkov a, Y.I. Polyakov a, M.N. Vetrova b Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, St. Petersburg, Russia b Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
265
xenon inhalation optimizes the complex treatment of dependence. The most expressed correction of a mental addiction to psychoactive substances and a long effect of the suggestive influence is observed in the patients with alcoholism. In the patients with opiomania a visible effect is reached only by cycles from several procedures during the treatment in the clinic. Positive results to use the method in other kinds of dependences are received. But the conclusion about the efficiency of them is premature because of an insufficient number of clinical cases.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.203 Integration mechanisms of local analyzers I.V. Pasechnik, A.V. Vartanov M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia It is proposed by E.N. Sokolov that vector psychophysiology that separates qualities such as color, line incidence, etc. are encoded by channel number during perception process. However, there is no solution to the question, what are the mechanisms of association of local analyzers to form any concept. We studied this problem using two experimental plans. The first one was based on the phenomenon of audiovisual integration. To perform the study artificial system of bimodal signs was created. We consider “sign” as a combination of signifier part and signified part. The signifier of each sign was bimodal: audio and visual stimuli. The signified of the signs was color. Also the special semantic audiovisual conflict was designed by recombination of signifier parts of sign. This procedure gave the opportunity to quantitative estimate bimodal conflict. The second experimental plan was based on the model of artificial homonyms. We used the sign, which means different signifiers depending on different context. Two artificial sign systems were used as two contexts and as two signified systems: figures and colors. Evoke potential (EP) and psychophysics estimates were obtained for both experimental works. We found out four types of subjects' reactions on this conflict situation in the first experimental work. Mathematic models were formulated according to these data. All models were described by linear equations, which were noted for the different weights of contributions of audio and visual modalities. Factor analysis detected the regularity of changes of EP, obtained for stimuli containing conflict and didn't. It visualized on early stage — 150 ms (occipital channel) and late stage — 300–400 ms (parietal and frontal channels). Factor analysis was used to process EP, obtained for signs in different condition during the second experimental work. These data also shows differences in latency approximately 150 ms (occipital channel) and 300–500 ms (central channel). We discussed the brain mechanisms of association of local analyzers and semantic comprehension as a direct process of comprehension (early integration) and process with second input (late integration), realizing tuning links between analyzers in conflict situations. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 06-06-80335).
a
In the clinic of the Institute of the Human Brain, a new method of suggestive psychotherapeutic correction with a preliminary introduction of the patient in a condition raised suggestibility by xenon inhalations is offered. Xenon is capable to change the modular condition of phospholipids, as a basic component of a cell membrane and synapse due to its physical–chemical properties. It convertibly prevents the process of transference of the nervous impulse, that allows to carry out an adequate controlled anesthesia. A mask of the method of xenon anesthesia was used. The suggestion was carried out at stages of falling asleep and awakening by the doctor's speech or audiogram (through on dressed headphones) with the repetition of precise and clear formulas of suggestion during all the session. In our clinic the specified sessions (from 1 up to 3 at each patient) with drug addiction, dependence on hazardous games and alcoholism were carried out. In all cases both in subjective and objective, we observed the fast decrease of a mental strain, evidence of an addiction, terms of remission were extended. On the basis of the carried out researches it is possible to make the conclusion, that the method of suggestion on a background of the application
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.204 Forward masking of simple and complex images by structured masks with different complexity N.Yu. Gerasimenko, A.V. Ovsienko, E.S. Mikhailova Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia Our visual environment is constantly changing. To interact with it in real time we need to rapidly process and interpret great number of visual stimuli. Experiments with forward and backward masking help to understand processing of simultaneous visual objects. In our study a forward masking of simple and complex objects by masking images with different complexity and configuration likeness with target stimuli was studied. In seventeen adult healthy subjects with normal vision accuracy and a reaction time during recognition of simple (horizontal and vertical bars, angles and crosses) and of complex images (contour pictures of everyday life objects) was analyzed. The masking images were: simple mask that consisted of randomly distributed bars and angles with various orientation (M1) and contours of objects that were different (M2) or the same (M3) as the target images. Forward masks
New method of hypnosuggested correction in complex therapy drug addiction syndrome S.Yu. Konenkov a, Y.I. Polyakov a, M.N. Vetrova b, K.V. Melnichuk c Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, St. Petersburg, Russia b Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia c Laboratory of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
a
The purpose of the development of the new method of hypnosuggested correction is the increase of the efficiency of the subsequent medical effect of suggestion. The essence of the offered method consists in introduction the patient in a condition of raised suggestibility (due to the reduction of cortical control) as a result of immersing the patient in a medical superficial sleep by means as a non narcotic hypnotic — diprivan. Diprivan allows the patient quickly to plunge into a condition of a superficial sleep, and it is easy to awake the patient from this condition, thus the consciousness is restored quickly enough without a subjective sensation of drowsening, slackness. Diprivan is combined with other analgetics and neuroleptics, that allows us to resort to procedures at the end of the abstinence syndrome. The suggestion is carried out at a stage of falling asleep and awakening. This is used either as the direct speech of the doctor or as the audiogram of this speech. Moreover, in our offered way are used specially prepared audiograms, which raise suggestibility, provide repeatability of the concrete formulas. The realization of 3–5 sessions with an obligatory discussion with the patient the condition after each of them is desirable. The way is approved in the Institute clinic during the treatment of 42 patients at the age from 23 till 50 years. The patients with the diagnosis of drug addiction — 15 men, with alcoholic dependence — 24. In three patients dependence was observed on several kinds of psychoactive substances. The experience of opiate drug addiction lasted from 3 till 11 years, experience of alcoholism from 2 till 18 years. The most part of the patients was treated in the Institute Clinic, where from 2 up to 4 sessions of psychotherapy with the introduction of diprivan sleep were carried out. In out-patient conditions the patient was administered by supporting procedures with a frequency of 1–3 times per month. In the overwhelming majority of patients (38 men) a significant reduction of alarm, an improvement of their emotional condition was noted, periods of remission were extended. The use of the described way of treatment allows us to raise the efficiency psychotherapy in a complex treatment of different types of addictive patients.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.202 Use of short-term xenon narcosis for exponentiation of suggestive influence to psychotherapeutic correction in narcology S.Yu. Konenkov a, Y.I. Polyakov a, M.N. Vetrova b Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, St. Petersburg, Russia b Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
265
xenon inhalation optimizes the complex treatment of dependence. The most expressed correction of a mental addiction to psychoactive substances and a long effect of the suggestive influence is observed in the patients with alcoholism. In the patients with opiomania a visible effect is reached only by cycles from several procedures during the treatment in the clinic. Positive results to use the method in other kinds of dependences are received. But the conclusion about the efficiency of them is premature because of an insufficient number of clinical cases.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.203 Integration mechanisms of local analyzers I.V. Pasechnik, A.V. Vartanov M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia It is proposed by E.N. Sokolov that vector psychophysiology that separates qualities such as color, line incidence, etc. are encoded by channel number during perception process. However, there is no solution to the question, what are the mechanisms of association of local analyzers to form any concept. We studied this problem using two experimental plans. The first one was based on the phenomenon of audiovisual integration. To perform the study artificial system of bimodal signs was created. We consider “sign” as a combination of signifier part and signified part. The signifier of each sign was bimodal: audio and visual stimuli. The signified of the signs was color. Also the special semantic audiovisual conflict was designed by recombination of signifier parts of sign. This procedure gave the opportunity to quantitative estimate bimodal conflict. The second experimental plan was based on the model of artificial homonyms. We used the sign, which means different signifiers depending on different context. Two artificial sign systems were used as two contexts and as two signified systems: figures and colors. Evoke potential (EP) and psychophysics estimates were obtained for both experimental works. We found out four types of subjects' reactions on this conflict situation in the first experimental work. Mathematic models were formulated according to these data. All models were described by linear equations, which were noted for the different weights of contributions of audio and visual modalities. Factor analysis detected the regularity of changes of EP, obtained for stimuli containing conflict and didn't. It visualized on early stage — 150 ms (occipital channel) and late stage — 300–400 ms (parietal and frontal channels). Factor analysis was used to process EP, obtained for signs in different condition during the second experimental work. These data also shows differences in latency approximately 150 ms (occipital channel) and 300–500 ms (central channel). We discussed the brain mechanisms of association of local analyzers and semantic comprehension as a direct process of comprehension (early integration) and process with second input (late integration), realizing tuning links between analyzers in conflict situations. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 06-06-80335).
a
In the clinic of the Institute of the Human Brain, a new method of suggestive psychotherapeutic correction with a preliminary introduction of the patient in a condition raised suggestibility by xenon inhalations is offered. Xenon is capable to change the modular condition of phospholipids, as a basic component of a cell membrane and synapse due to its physical–chemical properties. It convertibly prevents the process of transference of the nervous impulse, that allows to carry out an adequate controlled anesthesia. A mask of the method of xenon anesthesia was used. The suggestion was carried out at stages of falling asleep and awakening by the doctor's speech or audiogram (through on dressed headphones) with the repetition of precise and clear formulas of suggestion during all the session. In our clinic the specified sessions (from 1 up to 3 at each patient) with drug addiction, dependence on hazardous games and alcoholism were carried out. In all cases both in subjective and objective, we observed the fast decrease of a mental strain, evidence of an addiction, terms of remission were extended. On the basis of the carried out researches it is possible to make the conclusion, that the method of suggestion on a background of the application
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.204 Forward masking of simple and complex images by structured masks with different complexity N.Yu. Gerasimenko, A.V. Ovsienko, E.S. Mikhailova Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia Our visual environment is constantly changing. To interact with it in real time we need to rapidly process and interpret great number of visual stimuli. Experiments with forward and backward masking help to understand processing of simultaneous visual objects. In our study a forward masking of simple and complex objects by masking images with different complexity and configuration likeness with target stimuli was studied. In seventeen adult healthy subjects with normal vision accuracy and a reaction time during recognition of simple (horizontal and vertical bars, angles and crosses) and of complex images (contour pictures of everyday life objects) was analyzed. The masking images were: simple mask that consisted of randomly distributed bars and angles with various orientation (M1) and contours of objects that were different (M2) or the same (M3) as the target images. Forward masks