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Inter-laboratory study on the separation of cinchona alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography
MORRISSEY, R. E., NORRED, W. P., COLE, R. J. and DoeNete, J. (Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Crnter, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athrns, GA 30613, and National Peanut Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 600 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA 31742, U.S .A) Toxicity of the mycotoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, to Sprague-Dawley rats . Toxic. oppi. Pharntac . 77, 94 (1985) . Gxours of male Sprague-Dawley rats received po doses of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on four consecutive days at 0.0, 0.2, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg/day. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed only in the two highest dose groups . Rats in the highest dose group exhibited abnormal behavior, diarrhea and other signs of toxicity after several days of dosing, and most were moribund before the last scheduled dose was administered . Liver and spleen were more severely affected than other organs in the two highest dose groups . Livers contained diffuse pycnotic nuclei and, in some high-dose rats, focal areas of coagulative necrosis . In the high~ose group aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were elevated, cytochrome P-430 concentration was decreased and glutathione S-transferase activity was unchanged. Spleens were hemorrhagic and white pulp contained necrotic lymphocytes . White cell counts were decreased in a dose-related manner in the two highest dose groups . The gastrointestinal tract of high-dose rats contained pycnotic nuclei and sites of necrosis were observed in the stomach, but these lesions were limited to several animals and were grnerally mild . Pathologic changes in conjunction with decreased feed and water intake probably contributed to the general deterioration of high-dose rats that resulted in death. (Author's abstract)
H . P . KOLM
JottNSroN, M. A., LEw, A. R. and HAtLEY, D. M. (National Biological Standards Laboratory, Canberra City, Australia) Inter-laboratory study on the separation of cinchona alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography) !. Chromat. 318, 362 (1985) . THE PRESENT Australian official method for determining dihydroquinidine and dihydroquinine in quinidine and quinine salts is a titrimetric assay specified in the British Pharmacopoeia. The titrimetric method is only applicable to the drug substance and is not suitable for formulations . To overcome this shortcoming, a highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed. The method is a reversed-phase method utilising a C column with methanol, water and acetic acid as the mobile phase. The method has been used routinely by this laboratory for the past two years. In developing the method and other HPLC methods intended for use as referce procedures, use has bees made of commercially available columns which are used routinely by industry and official testing laboratories . In our hands the NBondapak C column produced adequate separation of cinchona alkaloids, including cinchonine and cinchonidine, and gave quantitative recovery of quinidine and dihydroquinidine. The column was also used successfully in a study of the absorption of quinidine and dihydroquinidine in humans . (Author's abstract)
H. P. KOLM
BoLwNn, M. E., ROPER, S. M. B. and HENRY, J. A. (Poisons Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, U .K .) Complications of quinine poisoning. Lancer no . 8425, 384 (1985) .
OE 163 patients admitted to hospital with acute quinine poisoning, 70 (4290 had visual symptoms . Nineteen
were left with a permanrnt visual deficit, though none was left completely blind. Five patients died . Bilateral stellate ganglion block was carried out on 34 patients with impaired visual acuity or blindness, but an improvemrnt of symptoms was reported in only 4 cases. It is concluded that stellate ganglion blockade is not effective enough to justify its regular use in quinine-induced amblyopia. Quinine overdose can have serious consequences and the drug should not be prescribed indiscriminately . (Author's abstract)
H. P . KOLM
EWAN, P. W. (Departmrnt of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2, U.K .) Allergy to insect stings : a review . J. R. Soc. Med. 78, 234 (1983) . ALLeROV to bee and wasp stings presents a fascinating problem both clinically and immunologically . Although no figures are available, this disorder is certainly not uncommon . At St Mary's Hospital, one or two patients allergic to bee and wasp stings are referred to me each week, and we are frequently consulted by telephone by grneral practitioners who see many more patients . The following case history illustrates some of the problems this disorder raises and the reasons it is of great interest . A 47-year-old man had bern a beekeeper for 2 years when he presented to the clinic in 198t . In the years before he became a beekeeper he had bern stung by a bee on 6 occasions, always without allergic reaction . Duriag his first year as a beekeeper he was stung on 6 occasions (each time a single sting), again without unusual reaction . He was thrn stung by 20 bees simultaneously and developed a severe grnetalized allergic reaction consisting of hypotrnsion, fainting and angio-oedema, and another less common feature, transient blindness . Subsequrntly, without any specific therapy, he was stung on 2 occasions, each time developing only slight oedema at the site of sting, but no symptoms of a generalized allergic reaction .
H . P . KOLM
JottNSroN, M. A., LEw, A. R. and HAtLEY, D. M. (National Biological Standards Laboratory, Canberra City, Australia) Inter-laboratory study on the separation of cinchona alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography) !. Chromat. 318, 362 (1985) . THE PRESENT Australian official method for determining dihydroquinidine and dihydroquinine in quinidine and quinine salts is a titrimetric assay specified in the British Pharmacopoeia. The titrimetric method is only applicable to the drug substance and is not suitable for formulations . To overcome this shortcoming, a highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed. The method is a reversed-phase method utilising a C column with methanol, water and acetic acid as the mobile phase. The method has been used routinely by this laboratory for the past two years. In developing the method and other HPLC methods intended for use as referce procedures, use has bees made of commercially available columns which are used routinely by industry and official testing laboratories . In our hands the NBondapak C column produced adequate separation of cinchona alkaloids, including cinchonine and cinchonidine, and gave quantitative recovery of quinidine and dihydroquinidine. The column was also used successfully in a study of the absorption of quinidine and dihydroquinidine in humans . (Author's abstract)
H. P. KOLM
BoLwNn, M. E., ROPER, S. M. B. and HENRY, J. A. (Poisons Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, U .K .) Complications of quinine poisoning. Lancer no . 8425, 384 (1985) .
OE 163 patients admitted to hospital with acute quinine poisoning, 70 (4290 had visual symptoms . Nineteen
were left with a permanrnt visual deficit, though none was left completely blind. Five patients died . Bilateral stellate ganglion block was carried out on 34 patients with impaired visual acuity or blindness, but an improvemrnt of symptoms was reported in only 4 cases. It is concluded that stellate ganglion blockade is not effective enough to justify its regular use in quinine-induced amblyopia. Quinine overdose can have serious consequences and the drug should not be prescribed indiscriminately . (Author's abstract)
H. P . KOLM
EWAN, P. W. (Departmrnt of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2, U.K .) Allergy to insect stings : a review . J. R. Soc. Med. 78, 234 (1983) . ALLeROV to bee and wasp stings presents a fascinating problem both clinically and immunologically . Although no figures are available, this disorder is certainly not uncommon . At St Mary's Hospital, one or two patients allergic to bee and wasp stings are referred to me each week, and we are frequently consulted by telephone by grneral practitioners who see many more patients . The following case history illustrates some of the problems this disorder raises and the reasons it is of great interest . A 47-year-old man had bern a beekeeper for 2 years when he presented to the clinic in 198t . In the years before he became a beekeeper he had bern stung by a bee on 6 occasions, always without allergic reaction . Duriag his first year as a beekeeper he was stung on 6 occasions (each time a single sting), again without unusual reaction . He was thrn stung by 20 bees simultaneously and developed a severe grnetalized allergic reaction consisting of hypotrnsion, fainting and angio-oedema, and another less common feature, transient blindness . Subsequrntly, without any specific therapy, he was stung on 2 occasions, each time developing only slight oedema at the site of sting, but no symptoms of a generalized allergic reaction .