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Interaction of Diazinon with DNA
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 172S (2007) S1–S240
F36 Natural occurrence of some mycotoxins in local and imported corn grains (Zea mays L.) in Egypt Hassan Amra 1,2 1 Food
Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; 2 Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Minufiy, Egypt Mycotoxins are very toxic substrates which are produced by mycotoxic fungi. They contaminate many food products and are consequently of worldwide health concern. Eighty samples of local and imported corn grains were collected from El-Minufiya governorate and were examined for the natural occurrence of toxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) during summer and winter in 2004. The results indicated that during the winter season, 4 samples out of 40 local and imported corn grains were positive for aflatoxins (10%), one sample contained aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 . The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 ranged between 5.8 and 7.5 g/kg corn grains, while the concentration of aflatoxin B2 was 2.7 g/kg corn grains). The results also showed that during summer season, 5 samples out of 40 samples of local and imported corn grains (12.5%) contained aflatoxins, one sample had aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 . The concentrations for aflatoxin B1 ranged between 4.2and 5.3 g/kg corn grains, while aflatoxin B2 concentration was 3.9 g/kg corn grains. Regarding to ochratoxin A occurrence, during winter season two samples were positive out of 40 (5%) of local and imported corn grains samples, with concentrations of 11.9 and 14.3 g/kg corn grains. In summer season, three samples were positive for ochratoxin A (7.5%) in local and imported corn samples with levels of 9.3–15 g ochratoxin A/kg corn grains. Concerning zearalenone occurrence, the results revealed that in winter season zearalenone positive samples were 2 out of 40 local and imported corn samples (5%). The concentrations of zearalenone were 5.7 and 8.7 g/kg corn grains in local and imported corn grains, respectively. However, during summer season, three samples were positive for zearalenone (7.5%) in local and imported corn grains, with levels of 7.4–9.4 g zearalenone/kg corn grains. It could be concluded that the source of corn grains, location of the store and seasons influence the occurrence and the concentration of mycotoxins in corn grains, where local corn grains had nearly the same amounts of mycotoxins which were found in imported ones. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.515
S205
P12 Chemicals: Pesticides, Metals, Cosmetics, . . . C01 Interaction of Diazinon with DNA Farhad Ahmadi 1 , Soheila Kashanian 2 , Mohammad Bagher Gholivand 2 1 Medical
Sciences/Kermanshah University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran; 2 Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran The organophosphorus insecticides (OPs ) are very effective and widely used group of pesticides. They exert their acute toxic effects on pests by phosphorylation of serine residues in the active center of acetyl cholinesterase, which leads to accumulation of acetyl cholin. Several investigators have demonstrated that some organophosphorus insecticides such as malation induced breakage or damage of DNA in vitro. Therefore, the investigation of genotoxicity and genetic damage via the interaction of DNA with OPs is very important. Diazinon is one of the important organophosphorus insecticides and widely used because of its high selectivity towards insects compared to the other organophosphorus insecticides. To our best knowledge, the mechanism of interaction of DNA with Diazinon is not well studied. In this work, fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopy were combined to study the binding of CT-DNA with Diazinon. The fluorescence of ethidium bromide bound to CT-DNA is quenched by Diazinon in a dynamic way and its Stern–Volmer quenching constant were measured. UV–vis spectra of a constant amount of CT-DNA bond by different amounts of Diazinon in HEPES buffer (pH 7.3) were measured at 25 ◦ C. The results show that the Diazinon induced a blue shift in DNA spectra (for [Diazinon]/[DNA] = 1 nearly 12 nm) and indicated the bonding process is accompanied by significant condensation effect in DNA structure. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.517 C02 Melatonin prevents cadmium toxicity through activation of metallothionein I and II genes expression Carolina Alonso-Gonz´alez, Alicia Gonz´alez, Dolores Mediavilla, Samuel Cos, Carlos Mart´ınez-Campa, Emilio S´anchez-Barcel´o Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain Cadmium (Cd), because of oxidative and estrogenic actions, behaves as a human carcinogen. Melatonin
F36 Natural occurrence of some mycotoxins in local and imported corn grains (Zea mays L.) in Egypt Hassan Amra 1,2 1 Food
Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; 2 Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Minufiy, Egypt Mycotoxins are very toxic substrates which are produced by mycotoxic fungi. They contaminate many food products and are consequently of worldwide health concern. Eighty samples of local and imported corn grains were collected from El-Minufiya governorate and were examined for the natural occurrence of toxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) during summer and winter in 2004. The results indicated that during the winter season, 4 samples out of 40 local and imported corn grains were positive for aflatoxins (10%), one sample contained aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 . The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 ranged between 5.8 and 7.5 g/kg corn grains, while the concentration of aflatoxin B2 was 2.7 g/kg corn grains). The results also showed that during summer season, 5 samples out of 40 samples of local and imported corn grains (12.5%) contained aflatoxins, one sample had aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 . The concentrations for aflatoxin B1 ranged between 4.2and 5.3 g/kg corn grains, while aflatoxin B2 concentration was 3.9 g/kg corn grains. Regarding to ochratoxin A occurrence, during winter season two samples were positive out of 40 (5%) of local and imported corn grains samples, with concentrations of 11.9 and 14.3 g/kg corn grains. In summer season, three samples were positive for ochratoxin A (7.5%) in local and imported corn samples with levels of 9.3–15 g ochratoxin A/kg corn grains. Concerning zearalenone occurrence, the results revealed that in winter season zearalenone positive samples were 2 out of 40 local and imported corn samples (5%). The concentrations of zearalenone were 5.7 and 8.7 g/kg corn grains in local and imported corn grains, respectively. However, during summer season, three samples were positive for zearalenone (7.5%) in local and imported corn grains, with levels of 7.4–9.4 g zearalenone/kg corn grains. It could be concluded that the source of corn grains, location of the store and seasons influence the occurrence and the concentration of mycotoxins in corn grains, where local corn grains had nearly the same amounts of mycotoxins which were found in imported ones. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.515
S205
P12 Chemicals: Pesticides, Metals, Cosmetics, . . . C01 Interaction of Diazinon with DNA Farhad Ahmadi 1 , Soheila Kashanian 2 , Mohammad Bagher Gholivand 2 1 Medical
Sciences/Kermanshah University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran; 2 Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran The organophosphorus insecticides (OPs ) are very effective and widely used group of pesticides. They exert their acute toxic effects on pests by phosphorylation of serine residues in the active center of acetyl cholinesterase, which leads to accumulation of acetyl cholin. Several investigators have demonstrated that some organophosphorus insecticides such as malation induced breakage or damage of DNA in vitro. Therefore, the investigation of genotoxicity and genetic damage via the interaction of DNA with OPs is very important. Diazinon is one of the important organophosphorus insecticides and widely used because of its high selectivity towards insects compared to the other organophosphorus insecticides. To our best knowledge, the mechanism of interaction of DNA with Diazinon is not well studied. In this work, fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopy were combined to study the binding of CT-DNA with Diazinon. The fluorescence of ethidium bromide bound to CT-DNA is quenched by Diazinon in a dynamic way and its Stern–Volmer quenching constant were measured. UV–vis spectra of a constant amount of CT-DNA bond by different amounts of Diazinon in HEPES buffer (pH 7.3) were measured at 25 ◦ C. The results show that the Diazinon induced a blue shift in DNA spectra (for [Diazinon]/[DNA] = 1 nearly 12 nm) and indicated the bonding process is accompanied by significant condensation effect in DNA structure. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.517 C02 Melatonin prevents cadmium toxicity through activation of metallothionein I and II genes expression Carolina Alonso-Gonz´alez, Alicia Gonz´alez, Dolores Mediavilla, Samuel Cos, Carlos Mart´ınez-Campa, Emilio S´anchez-Barcel´o Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain Cadmium (Cd), because of oxidative and estrogenic actions, behaves as a human carcinogen. Melatonin