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Interference and Polarizing Substances
APPENDIX
3
Interference and Polarizing Substances CYTOLOGIC INTERFERENCES See Chapter 2 Figs. 2-44, 2-45, 2-46, and 2-47 for additional images.
TABLE 3-1 Confusing or Artifactual Findings Based on Shape or Color EXTRACELLULAR PARTICULATES
LINEAR FORMATIONS
EOSINOPHILIC SECRETIONS
BASOPHILIC/DARK STRUCTURES
Lymphoglandular bodies (Fig. 2-20) Pollen (Fig. 11-25D & Appendix Fig. 3-1) Hemoglobin crystals, oxyhemoglobin (Appendix Fig. 3-2A-D) Talc or starch crystals (Fig. 11-25B) Mineral crystals (Figs. 3-59A & 13-7) Muscle fragments (Fig. 2-1) Parasite fragments (Appendix Fig. 3-3A-E)
Nuclear streaming (Fig. 2-21) Collagen (Fig. 2-22 & 3-53H) Cotton fiber (Fig. 11-25C) Hair (Fig. 3-20A) Capillaries (Figs. 3-42C & 4-14D) Curschmann spiral (Fig. 5-33) Lens fibers (Fig. 15-30B-C)
Medical lubricant (Fig. 4-20) Synovial/IVD MPS (Fig. 13-9 & Appendix Fig. 3-4) Osteoid (Figs. 7-8 & 13-18) Amyloid (Figs. 2-22C & 9-21) Thyroid colloid (Fig. 16-3) Call-Exner body (Fig. 12-71) Vaccine adjuvant (Fig. 3-4C)
White bile (Fig. 6-18) Necrosis (Fig. 2-24) Hemosiderin (Figs. 4-6L & 5-55A) Melanin (Fig. 3-48F & 15-25F-G) Tyrosine granules (Fig. 16-9B&C) Mammary secretion (Fig. 12-4) Blastomycosis yeast (Fig. 15-28C)
MPS, mucopolysaccharides.
POLARIZING SUBSTANCES
TABLE 3-2 Selected Substances That Polarize CRYSTALS
FIBERS
PROTEINS
Urate (Fig. 11-15) Oxalate (Figs. 10-16 & 11-16) Melamine/Cyanuric acid (Fig. 10-17) Barium sulfate contrast medium
Synthetic suture (Appendix Fig. 3-5) Wood (cellulose)
Collagen, muscle (Appendix Fig. 3-6) Amyloid (Fig. 9-21C) Hair shafts (Appendix Fig. 3-7) Hematin (formalin-heme pigment)
Cotton fiber (gossypiboma)
503
504
Canine and Feline Cytology
A
20 m
B
20 m
C
20 m
D
20 m
E
20 m
F
20 m
G
20 m
H
20 m
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-1 Pine pollen at various development stages and staining. (HP oil.) A and B, Unstained. C-F, Aqueous Romanowsky. G-H, Methanolic Romanowsky.
505
APPENDIX 3 Interference and Polarizing Substances
B A
C
10 m
D
10 m
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-2 Blood pigment. A and B, Acicular habit of hemoglobin demonstrated by hair-like extensions of crystals from canine spleen. (Wright-Giemsa; HP oil.) C, Unstained oxyhemoglobin in canine urine with golden yellow crystalline material. (Unstained; HP oil.) D, Protein globules in canine urine appear basophilic and amorphous. (Wright; HP oil.)
506
Canine and Feline Cytology
A
C
B
D
E n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-3 Canine cestodiasis. Sequenced as Mesocestoides corti. A, Peritoneal effusion. Macroscopic appearance of abdominal fluid from the dog with Mesocestoides sp. infection. Note the pink to red color moderately turbid fluid and numerous white flecks settled at the bottom of the tube. B, Parasite segments. Gross appearance of white flat flecks presented throughout abdominal fluid. Several 1- to 4-mm white flecks are visible on the slide. C, Cestode. Occasional white flecks are up 1 to 2 cm in length, non segmented with thickened head and a long tail. Canine cestodiasis. Identified by molecular sequencing as Mesocestoides corti. D, Segment displaying mucinous background and basophilic segments. (Modified Wright; IP.) E, Numerous calcareous corpuscles (mineralized refractile structure characterized by concentric rings) are supportive of cestodes. (Modified Wright; HP oil.) (Case materials courtesy of Eleonora Piseddu, Padua, Italy.)
APPENDIX 3 Interference and Polarizing Substances
507
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-4 Intervertebral disc material. Cytologic aspirate sample of magenta amorphous mucopolysaccharide-containing substance with blood contamination from a dog. (Wright-Giemsa; LP).
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-5 Suture material. Polarized. Tissue section displaying remnant suture material in the urinary bladder of a dog. (H&E; IP.)
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-6 Polarized collagen fibers. Note that skeletal muscle (arrow) does not polarize. Skin tissue section from a dog. (H&E; IP.)
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-7 Hair shafts. Polarized. Tissue section displays colorful refractive hair seen as white-yellow streaks. (H&E; IP.)
3
Interference and Polarizing Substances CYTOLOGIC INTERFERENCES See Chapter 2 Figs. 2-44, 2-45, 2-46, and 2-47 for additional images.
TABLE 3-1 Confusing or Artifactual Findings Based on Shape or Color EXTRACELLULAR PARTICULATES
LINEAR FORMATIONS
EOSINOPHILIC SECRETIONS
BASOPHILIC/DARK STRUCTURES
Lymphoglandular bodies (Fig. 2-20) Pollen (Fig. 11-25D & Appendix Fig. 3-1) Hemoglobin crystals, oxyhemoglobin (Appendix Fig. 3-2A-D) Talc or starch crystals (Fig. 11-25B) Mineral crystals (Figs. 3-59A & 13-7) Muscle fragments (Fig. 2-1) Parasite fragments (Appendix Fig. 3-3A-E)
Nuclear streaming (Fig. 2-21) Collagen (Fig. 2-22 & 3-53H) Cotton fiber (Fig. 11-25C) Hair (Fig. 3-20A) Capillaries (Figs. 3-42C & 4-14D) Curschmann spiral (Fig. 5-33) Lens fibers (Fig. 15-30B-C)
Medical lubricant (Fig. 4-20) Synovial/IVD MPS (Fig. 13-9 & Appendix Fig. 3-4) Osteoid (Figs. 7-8 & 13-18) Amyloid (Figs. 2-22C & 9-21) Thyroid colloid (Fig. 16-3) Call-Exner body (Fig. 12-71) Vaccine adjuvant (Fig. 3-4C)
White bile (Fig. 6-18) Necrosis (Fig. 2-24) Hemosiderin (Figs. 4-6L & 5-55A) Melanin (Fig. 3-48F & 15-25F-G) Tyrosine granules (Fig. 16-9B&C) Mammary secretion (Fig. 12-4) Blastomycosis yeast (Fig. 15-28C)
MPS, mucopolysaccharides.
POLARIZING SUBSTANCES
TABLE 3-2 Selected Substances That Polarize CRYSTALS
FIBERS
PROTEINS
Urate (Fig. 11-15) Oxalate (Figs. 10-16 & 11-16) Melamine/Cyanuric acid (Fig. 10-17) Barium sulfate contrast medium
Synthetic suture (Appendix Fig. 3-5) Wood (cellulose)
Collagen, muscle (Appendix Fig. 3-6) Amyloid (Fig. 9-21C) Hair shafts (Appendix Fig. 3-7) Hematin (formalin-heme pigment)
Cotton fiber (gossypiboma)
503
504
Canine and Feline Cytology
A
20 m
B
20 m
C
20 m
D
20 m
E
20 m
F
20 m
G
20 m
H
20 m
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-1 Pine pollen at various development stages and staining. (HP oil.) A and B, Unstained. C-F, Aqueous Romanowsky. G-H, Methanolic Romanowsky.
505
APPENDIX 3 Interference and Polarizing Substances
B A
C
10 m
D
10 m
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-2 Blood pigment. A and B, Acicular habit of hemoglobin demonstrated by hair-like extensions of crystals from canine spleen. (Wright-Giemsa; HP oil.) C, Unstained oxyhemoglobin in canine urine with golden yellow crystalline material. (Unstained; HP oil.) D, Protein globules in canine urine appear basophilic and amorphous. (Wright; HP oil.)
506
Canine and Feline Cytology
A
C
B
D
E n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-3 Canine cestodiasis. Sequenced as Mesocestoides corti. A, Peritoneal effusion. Macroscopic appearance of abdominal fluid from the dog with Mesocestoides sp. infection. Note the pink to red color moderately turbid fluid and numerous white flecks settled at the bottom of the tube. B, Parasite segments. Gross appearance of white flat flecks presented throughout abdominal fluid. Several 1- to 4-mm white flecks are visible on the slide. C, Cestode. Occasional white flecks are up 1 to 2 cm in length, non segmented with thickened head and a long tail. Canine cestodiasis. Identified by molecular sequencing as Mesocestoides corti. D, Segment displaying mucinous background and basophilic segments. (Modified Wright; IP.) E, Numerous calcareous corpuscles (mineralized refractile structure characterized by concentric rings) are supportive of cestodes. (Modified Wright; HP oil.) (Case materials courtesy of Eleonora Piseddu, Padua, Italy.)
APPENDIX 3 Interference and Polarizing Substances
507
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-4 Intervertebral disc material. Cytologic aspirate sample of magenta amorphous mucopolysaccharide-containing substance with blood contamination from a dog. (Wright-Giemsa; LP).
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-5 Suture material. Polarized. Tissue section displaying remnant suture material in the urinary bladder of a dog. (H&E; IP.)
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-6 Polarized collagen fibers. Note that skeletal muscle (arrow) does not polarize. Skin tissue section from a dog. (H&E; IP.)
n APPENDIX FIGURE 3-7 Hair shafts. Polarized. Tissue section displays colorful refractive hair seen as white-yellow streaks. (H&E; IP.)