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International perspectives and the results of carbon dioxide capture disposal and utilisation studies
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety) 96/03251 Integrated flue gas treatment by wet FGD operating In a water-condensing mode Heaphy,J. P. et al., EPA-600/R-95-015d, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 SOz Control Symp.} Paper No. 97, 1995, 19 pp. Presents the results for electric-utility, field testing of novel, heat-recovery type, wet flue gas desulphurization facilities of ultra-high efficiency in removal of SOz' S03 and solid particulate matter. 96/03252 Integrated strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions In Germany Molt, S. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 735-740. Even though the issue of climate change is a topic of global relevance, there is a need for the development and assessment of mitigation strategies on national levels. A country study for Germany proposes that 50% COz emissions cuts until the year 2020 are technically feasible with technologies that are already available or are known to become available in the next 30 years. Nevertheless, results are strongly dependent on the political restrictions that are imposed on certain energy technologies. 96/03253 International perspectives and the results of carbon dioxide capture disposal and utilisation studies Riemer, P. W. and Ormerod, W. G. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 813-818. In response to the increase in the global concentrations of greenhouse gases, the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programmeis carrying out an assessment of greenhouse gas abatement technologieswith particular reference to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel power generation systems. The work is supported internationally by 13 OECD countries as well as the Commissionof European Communities and two sponsors RWE and DMT. The Programme has examined, on a consistent basis, the option available for capturing and disposing of the COz product from a range of gas and coal fired power generation plant types, each with an output of 500MW(e). Systems under consideration include PF+FGD, lGCC, NGCC and a COz/Oz recycle scheme. 96/03254 Japan's strategy In technology development for mitigating global warming Kaya, Y. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 679-684. Japan is a country much concerned with global environmental issues. The paper describes Japan's prospect on energy and COz emission, together with prospects of other developed countries. The needs for developinglong term innovative technologies are demonstrated with a few examples of technologies being developed under MIT! R&D programme. 96/03255 Kinetics of formation of polychlorinated dlbenzo-pdloxlns/dlbenzofurans from carbon on fly ash Addink, R. et al., Chemosphere, 1995, 31, (6), 3549-3552. Experiments were conducted to study the rate of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin/dibenzofuran formation from carbon on fly ash. The formation follows first order behaviour during the first part of the experiment, with longer reaction times, degradation reactions become more important.
96/03259 The lifetime pollution Implications of various types of electricity generation. An Input-output analysis Proops, J. L. et al., Energy Policy, Mar. 1996,24, (3), 229-237. The paper examines the UK economy wide, lifecycle implications of eight forms of electricity generations for the emission of three air pollutants, COz, SOz and NOx' The lifecycle of the generating stations is considered in three phases: construction, operation and decommissioning. The methodology used is input-output analysis, which allows the calculation of the total pollution effects, throughout the economy, of any economic activity. The comparison for each case is with 'old coal' technology, and the considered forms of electricity generation give substantial lifecycle emission reductions for all three types of pollutants. In each case, much the largest reduction is attributable to the operating phase. 96/03260 Limited water-to-alr bacterial transfer from a residential evaporative air cooler Macher, J. M. et al., Environmental n«, 1995, 21, (6), 761-764. The sump of an evaporative air cooler (EAC) artificially was contaminated with a gram-positive, coccoid bacterium. Air in the room served by the EAC was sampled during EAC operation to detect water-to-air transfer of the test bacterium. Tracer bacteria was detected indoors during operation. Proper EAC operation and maintenance likely would ensure minimal human exposureto potentially harmful microorganisms and other materials that could multiply or collect in EAC sump waters and be transferred to indoor air as a result of sump water dripping or splashing. 96/03261 Magnetically Induced currents In the human body Baraton, P. and Hutzler, B. IEC Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe, PO Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, CHF.90.00, plus CHF.15.00 P&P, 48 pp. The specific aim of this IEC Technology Trend Assessment is to present methods for calculating the electric fields and associated current densities induced in the human body by externally applied magnetic fields. The first part of the report presents the computation method used by the authors, which is then validated by comparisons using configurationsin which analytical solutions are actually available. The second part describes results obtained in three cases where the calculations are applied to a human being. 96/03262 Management of uranium mill tailing: Geochemical processes and radiological risk assessment Fernandes, H. M. et al., 1. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 30, (1), 69-95. The paper describes the geochemical processes regulating the mobilisation of heavy metals and radionuclides in the tailing dam of the uranium mining and milling facilities of Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. 96/03263 Measurements of regional CH. emissions In the UK using boundary layer budget methods Fowler, D. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 769-775. Emission fluxes of CH4 averaged over large tracts of the UK countryside using measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer have been made using tethered balloons and aircraft. The methods include simple mass budget studies in the nocturnal boundary layer to provide estimates of CH4 emission at the 'field' scale from which the results are generally consistent with di.rect measurements usin~ eddy co-variance techniques with fluxes are typically 40 umol CH/ h' .
96/03256 Leaching of PCOO/F from fly ash and soli with fireextinguishing water Schramm, K. W. et al., Chemosphere, 1995, 30, (12), 2249-2257. Describes leaching experiments from fly ash and soil with fire-extinguishing water which resulted in a significant amounts of PCDD/F in the related leachates. In contrast to the water solubilities, the higher chlorinated congeners are leached more easily than the lower chlorinated tetra-and pentacongeners.
96/03264 Micellar solubilization of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons In coal tar-contaminated solis Yeom, I. T. et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 1995, 29, (12), 3015-3012. Solubilization of PAHs from a coal tar-contaminated soil obtained from a manufactured gas plant site was evaluated using nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactants at dosages greater than cmc. Up to 25% of Soxhlet-extractable PAHs could be solubilized at surfactant loadings of 0.3 gig of soil in 16 days in completely stirred batched reactors. Longer periods were required to reach equilibrium at higher surfactant dosages.
96/03257 Leak links power lines to cancer Edwards, R. New Scientist, Oct. 1995, 1988, p. 4. The article refers to a leaked report carried out for the US National Council on Radiation Protection which claims that millions of people may face an increase risk of cancer because they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation from power lines and electrical appliances.
96/03265 Minerai resources and the International environmental agenda Malone, J. L. Mining Voice, Nov.-Dec. 1995, I, (5), 24-32. Discusses the major challenges which faces the mining industry - the producer of the raw materials on which the U.S. industrial base depends is maintainingits economic profitability while meeting ever more stringent environmental quality and health objectives expressed in law and policies by federal and state governments. The policies to improve or protect environmental quality have affected U.S. mineral production and reserve levels markedely.
96/03258 L1FAC sorbent Injection for flue gas desulfurizatlon Hervol, J. et al., EPA-600/R-95-015b, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 SOz Control Symp.) Paper No. 34, 1995, 10 pp. The paper discusses the demonstration of LIFAC sorbent injection technology at the Richmond Power and Light's Whitewater Valley Unit No.2 under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal program. LIFAC is a sorbent injection technology capable of removing 75% to 85% of a power plant's SOz emissions using limestone at calcium to sulphur molar ratios of between 2 and 2.5 to 1.
224
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03266 Mines safety tied to Moura report Queensland Government Mining J., Feb. 1996,97, (1), 7-9. Reports that the recommendations from the inquiry into the explosion at BHP's Moura No.2 mine in Queensland's Bowen Basin, which resulted in the deaths of 11 men in August 1994, will form the cornerstone of future mining safety in the state.
96/03259 The lifetime pollution Implications of various types of electricity generation. An Input-output analysis Proops, J. L. et al., Energy Policy, Mar. 1996,24, (3), 229-237. The paper examines the UK economy wide, lifecycle implications of eight forms of electricity generations for the emission of three air pollutants, COz, SOz and NOx' The lifecycle of the generating stations is considered in three phases: construction, operation and decommissioning. The methodology used is input-output analysis, which allows the calculation of the total pollution effects, throughout the economy, of any economic activity. The comparison for each case is with 'old coal' technology, and the considered forms of electricity generation give substantial lifecycle emission reductions for all three types of pollutants. In each case, much the largest reduction is attributable to the operating phase. 96/03260 Limited water-to-alr bacterial transfer from a residential evaporative air cooler Macher, J. M. et al., Environmental n«, 1995, 21, (6), 761-764. The sump of an evaporative air cooler (EAC) artificially was contaminated with a gram-positive, coccoid bacterium. Air in the room served by the EAC was sampled during EAC operation to detect water-to-air transfer of the test bacterium. Tracer bacteria was detected indoors during operation. Proper EAC operation and maintenance likely would ensure minimal human exposureto potentially harmful microorganisms and other materials that could multiply or collect in EAC sump waters and be transferred to indoor air as a result of sump water dripping or splashing. 96/03261 Magnetically Induced currents In the human body Baraton, P. and Hutzler, B. IEC Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe, PO Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, CHF.90.00, plus CHF.15.00 P&P, 48 pp. The specific aim of this IEC Technology Trend Assessment is to present methods for calculating the electric fields and associated current densities induced in the human body by externally applied magnetic fields. The first part of the report presents the computation method used by the authors, which is then validated by comparisons using configurationsin which analytical solutions are actually available. The second part describes results obtained in three cases where the calculations are applied to a human being. 96/03262 Management of uranium mill tailing: Geochemical processes and radiological risk assessment Fernandes, H. M. et al., 1. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 30, (1), 69-95. The paper describes the geochemical processes regulating the mobilisation of heavy metals and radionuclides in the tailing dam of the uranium mining and milling facilities of Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. 96/03263 Measurements of regional CH. emissions In the UK using boundary layer budget methods Fowler, D. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 769-775. Emission fluxes of CH4 averaged over large tracts of the UK countryside using measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer have been made using tethered balloons and aircraft. The methods include simple mass budget studies in the nocturnal boundary layer to provide estimates of CH4 emission at the 'field' scale from which the results are generally consistent with di.rect measurements usin~ eddy co-variance techniques with fluxes are typically 40 umol CH/ h' .
96/03256 Leaching of PCOO/F from fly ash and soli with fireextinguishing water Schramm, K. W. et al., Chemosphere, 1995, 30, (12), 2249-2257. Describes leaching experiments from fly ash and soil with fire-extinguishing water which resulted in a significant amounts of PCDD/F in the related leachates. In contrast to the water solubilities, the higher chlorinated congeners are leached more easily than the lower chlorinated tetra-and pentacongeners.
96/03264 Micellar solubilization of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons In coal tar-contaminated solis Yeom, I. T. et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 1995, 29, (12), 3015-3012. Solubilization of PAHs from a coal tar-contaminated soil obtained from a manufactured gas plant site was evaluated using nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactants at dosages greater than cmc. Up to 25% of Soxhlet-extractable PAHs could be solubilized at surfactant loadings of 0.3 gig of soil in 16 days in completely stirred batched reactors. Longer periods were required to reach equilibrium at higher surfactant dosages.
96/03257 Leak links power lines to cancer Edwards, R. New Scientist, Oct. 1995, 1988, p. 4. The article refers to a leaked report carried out for the US National Council on Radiation Protection which claims that millions of people may face an increase risk of cancer because they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation from power lines and electrical appliances.
96/03265 Minerai resources and the International environmental agenda Malone, J. L. Mining Voice, Nov.-Dec. 1995, I, (5), 24-32. Discusses the major challenges which faces the mining industry - the producer of the raw materials on which the U.S. industrial base depends is maintainingits economic profitability while meeting ever more stringent environmental quality and health objectives expressed in law and policies by federal and state governments. The policies to improve or protect environmental quality have affected U.S. mineral production and reserve levels markedely.
96/03258 L1FAC sorbent Injection for flue gas desulfurizatlon Hervol, J. et al., EPA-600/R-95-015b, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 SOz Control Symp.) Paper No. 34, 1995, 10 pp. The paper discusses the demonstration of LIFAC sorbent injection technology at the Richmond Power and Light's Whitewater Valley Unit No.2 under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal program. LIFAC is a sorbent injection technology capable of removing 75% to 85% of a power plant's SOz emissions using limestone at calcium to sulphur molar ratios of between 2 and 2.5 to 1.
224
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03266 Mines safety tied to Moura report Queensland Government Mining J., Feb. 1996,97, (1), 7-9. Reports that the recommendations from the inquiry into the explosion at BHP's Moura No.2 mine in Queensland's Bowen Basin, which resulted in the deaths of 11 men in August 1994, will form the cornerstone of future mining safety in the state.