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International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium 2014
J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2015;8(2):105e107
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies journal homepage: www.jams-kpi.com
- CONFERENCE
ABSTRACTS
-
International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium 2014 The following abstracts are in the proceedings of the International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium, October 3-5, 2014, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
Effects of Electroacupuncture and Traditional Herbal Medicine on Blood Fluidity Tadashi Hisamitsu* *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected]
Abstract Blood fluidity is well known to be reduced by various types of stress, including pain stress, electrical shock stress, restriction stress, isolation stress, etc. The reduction of blood fluidity is mainly due to an increase in platelet adhesion. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system when a person is under stress seems to have a relation to platelet adhesion. We have examined the effects of electroacupuncture and several kinds of Japanese traditional herbal medicine (KAMPO) in animal studies. Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to several acupoints leads to a recovery from the decreased blood fluidity induced by stress. Several KAMPO medicines showed similar effects on blood fluidity. A review of our studies on blood fluidity is also given. Keywords: blood fluidity, electroacupuncture, Kampo medicine, platelet adhesion, stress
Laser Acupuncture Treatment: Potential Mechanisms of Action George David Baxter*, Dina Law, Steve Tumilty *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity & Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [email protected]
Abstract Laser acupuncture is based upon the use of low-power lasers (typically at athermal intensities) as an alternative to needles for acupuncture treatment. Promoted as a safe and effective treatment since the late 1970s, laser acupuncture is widely used in clinical practice, principally for the relief of pain. Based upon our previous reviews of randomized controlled trials of the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture (Baxter et al. 2008; Law et al. 2014), a moderate amount of evidence exists for its clinical effectiveness in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Despite such evidence, the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture remains contentious, given the relative lack of studies in this area, and its mechanism of action remains hidden. We have reviewed the available evidence for such mechanisms by considering both studies on the neurological mechanisms of photobiomodulation and investigations on the neurological effects of laser acupuncture. Based upon the available evidence, laser irradiation has appears to have the potential to produce peripheral and central
pISSN 2005-2901 eISSN 2093-8152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2015.03.002
106
Conference Abstracts
neurophysiological effects, at least when used at appropriate irradiation parameters. Further research is indicated to elucidate these mechanisms, and their relevance to the clinical effects of laser acupuncture. Keywords: acupuncture, laser, laser therapy, mechanisms of action, photobiomodulation
Efficacy of Electro-acupuncture for Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Shintaro Ishikawa* *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected]
Abstract Paclitaxel is a microtubule-binding compound that is widely used as a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of common cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. Neurons are susceptible to paclitaxel, and paclitaxel exposure frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a side effect. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats used in this study were randomly divided into three groups; the paclitaxel group (PXT), the paclitaxel and acupuncture group (PXT-A), and the control group. All rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on four alternate days with either a vehicle or 2.0 mg/kg of paclitaxel. Electroacupuncture, which causes slight muscle twitch, was applied to the ZuSanli acupoints (ST-36) in the limbs every other day (right side, 1 Hz, 20 minutes, 3 - 5 V and 30 - 200 mA). Behavioral assessments, i.e., the heat-hyperalgesia test and the mechano-allodynia test (von Frey hair test) of the hind paws (sciatic nerve territory), were performed. The lumbosacral vertebral column was collected for light microscopy examination. The PXT group exhibited significant mechanical allodynia in both hind paws. However, the PXT-A group did not show any decrease in the threshold dose. In conclusion, our study suggests that acupuncture stimulation contributes to paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. The study suggests that satellite cells in the DRG may play a role in the development of paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Keywords: electro-acupuncture, mechano-allodynia, paclitaxel, peripheral neuropathy, side effect
Leech Therapy for Linear Incisional Skin-wound Healing in Rats Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari*, Kaveh Darabi Darestani, Katayoun Gohari Moghaddam, Somayeh Hejazi *Corresponding author’s affiliation: AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leech therapy (LT), in comparison with topical phenytoin (PHT), on incisional skin-wound healing in animal models. Methods: This experimental study included 15 male rats (5 animals in 3 groups) with approximately equal body weights (350 10 g). Skin wounds with lengths of 20 mm and depths of 0.5 mm were made on the dorsolateral region of the rats 4 cm from the spine. The first group (PHT group) was treated daily with topical PHT (1%) while the second group (LT group) received LT at the beginning of the experiment. The control group received neither the drug nor the therapy. Wound healing was evaluated every day, and the study was continued until the wound had completely healed. Changes in the areas and the appearances of the skin wounds and histological differences (at the end of the experiment) were used to investigate the differences in wound healing among the groups. Results: The process of wound healing was significantly faster in the group treated with LT (p < 0.05) than in the group treated with PHT. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that LT improved incisional skin-wound healing in rats. However, thorough research to understand the molecular mechanisms of leech therapy is strongly recommended. Parameters such as NO (nitrogen oxide), inflammatory factors such as TNF- a, regenerative factors such as fibrinogen, and/or clotting factors need to be measured. Keywords: leech therapy, phenytoin, rat, skin wound
Effect of Electrical Acupuncture on Colonic Transit Measured by a Using a New Method with a Radiopaque Marker in Conscious Rats Kenji Imai*, Sazu Taniguchi, Koichi Kawakami, Hiroshi Taniguchi, Hiroshi Kitakoji *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. [email protected]
Conference Abstracts
107
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of electrical acupuncture (EA) on colon transit (CT) in rats under restraint stress (RS) by using a radiopaque marker under X-ray techniques that was developed by us. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were used. Under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, an indwelling silastic cannula was inserted into the caecum and positioned to enter the proximal colon to administrate the radiopaque marker. Five days after the surgery, 20 metal radiopaque markers (1.5 mm4) were administrated into the proximal colon with saline (1.0 ml). The markers were observed throughout the GI tract via soft X-rays every 30 min for 120 min. Electroacupuncture (EA; 10 Hz, 1 mA, 0.5 ms) was performed at the bilateral ST-36 acupoint in the group of rats with RS but without EA and in the group of rats with RS and receiving EA. Results: CT was significantly increased by RS. Furthermore, radiopaque markers were passed out of the colon in under 60 min during RS. However, CT was delayed by EA, regardless of the stress loading. On the other hand, EA had no stimulatory effect on CT in normal rats, i.e., rats without RS. Conclusion: EA has already been reported to be able to inhibit stress-induced accelerated CT in animal experiments. Our results raise the possibility that EA at ST-36 may inhibit stress-induced accelerated CT. Keywords: colon transit, electrical acupuncture, rat, restraint stress, X-ray
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies journal homepage: www.jams-kpi.com
- CONFERENCE
ABSTRACTS
-
International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium 2014 The following abstracts are in the proceedings of the International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium, October 3-5, 2014, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
Effects of Electroacupuncture and Traditional Herbal Medicine on Blood Fluidity Tadashi Hisamitsu* *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected]
Abstract Blood fluidity is well known to be reduced by various types of stress, including pain stress, electrical shock stress, restriction stress, isolation stress, etc. The reduction of blood fluidity is mainly due to an increase in platelet adhesion. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system when a person is under stress seems to have a relation to platelet adhesion. We have examined the effects of electroacupuncture and several kinds of Japanese traditional herbal medicine (KAMPO) in animal studies. Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to several acupoints leads to a recovery from the decreased blood fluidity induced by stress. Several KAMPO medicines showed similar effects on blood fluidity. A review of our studies on blood fluidity is also given. Keywords: blood fluidity, electroacupuncture, Kampo medicine, platelet adhesion, stress
Laser Acupuncture Treatment: Potential Mechanisms of Action George David Baxter*, Dina Law, Steve Tumilty *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity & Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [email protected]
Abstract Laser acupuncture is based upon the use of low-power lasers (typically at athermal intensities) as an alternative to needles for acupuncture treatment. Promoted as a safe and effective treatment since the late 1970s, laser acupuncture is widely used in clinical practice, principally for the relief of pain. Based upon our previous reviews of randomized controlled trials of the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture (Baxter et al. 2008; Law et al. 2014), a moderate amount of evidence exists for its clinical effectiveness in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Despite such evidence, the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture remains contentious, given the relative lack of studies in this area, and its mechanism of action remains hidden. We have reviewed the available evidence for such mechanisms by considering both studies on the neurological mechanisms of photobiomodulation and investigations on the neurological effects of laser acupuncture. Based upon the available evidence, laser irradiation has appears to have the potential to produce peripheral and central
pISSN 2005-2901 eISSN 2093-8152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2015.03.002
106
Conference Abstracts
neurophysiological effects, at least when used at appropriate irradiation parameters. Further research is indicated to elucidate these mechanisms, and their relevance to the clinical effects of laser acupuncture. Keywords: acupuncture, laser, laser therapy, mechanisms of action, photobiomodulation
Efficacy of Electro-acupuncture for Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Shintaro Ishikawa* *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected]
Abstract Paclitaxel is a microtubule-binding compound that is widely used as a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of common cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. Neurons are susceptible to paclitaxel, and paclitaxel exposure frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a side effect. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats used in this study were randomly divided into three groups; the paclitaxel group (PXT), the paclitaxel and acupuncture group (PXT-A), and the control group. All rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on four alternate days with either a vehicle or 2.0 mg/kg of paclitaxel. Electroacupuncture, which causes slight muscle twitch, was applied to the ZuSanli acupoints (ST-36) in the limbs every other day (right side, 1 Hz, 20 minutes, 3 - 5 V and 30 - 200 mA). Behavioral assessments, i.e., the heat-hyperalgesia test and the mechano-allodynia test (von Frey hair test) of the hind paws (sciatic nerve territory), were performed. The lumbosacral vertebral column was collected for light microscopy examination. The PXT group exhibited significant mechanical allodynia in both hind paws. However, the PXT-A group did not show any decrease in the threshold dose. In conclusion, our study suggests that acupuncture stimulation contributes to paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. The study suggests that satellite cells in the DRG may play a role in the development of paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Keywords: electro-acupuncture, mechano-allodynia, paclitaxel, peripheral neuropathy, side effect
Leech Therapy for Linear Incisional Skin-wound Healing in Rats Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari*, Kaveh Darabi Darestani, Katayoun Gohari Moghaddam, Somayeh Hejazi *Corresponding author’s affiliation: AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leech therapy (LT), in comparison with topical phenytoin (PHT), on incisional skin-wound healing in animal models. Methods: This experimental study included 15 male rats (5 animals in 3 groups) with approximately equal body weights (350 10 g). Skin wounds with lengths of 20 mm and depths of 0.5 mm were made on the dorsolateral region of the rats 4 cm from the spine. The first group (PHT group) was treated daily with topical PHT (1%) while the second group (LT group) received LT at the beginning of the experiment. The control group received neither the drug nor the therapy. Wound healing was evaluated every day, and the study was continued until the wound had completely healed. Changes in the areas and the appearances of the skin wounds and histological differences (at the end of the experiment) were used to investigate the differences in wound healing among the groups. Results: The process of wound healing was significantly faster in the group treated with LT (p < 0.05) than in the group treated with PHT. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that LT improved incisional skin-wound healing in rats. However, thorough research to understand the molecular mechanisms of leech therapy is strongly recommended. Parameters such as NO (nitrogen oxide), inflammatory factors such as TNF- a, regenerative factors such as fibrinogen, and/or clotting factors need to be measured. Keywords: leech therapy, phenytoin, rat, skin wound
Effect of Electrical Acupuncture on Colonic Transit Measured by a Using a New Method with a Radiopaque Marker in Conscious Rats Kenji Imai*, Sazu Taniguchi, Koichi Kawakami, Hiroshi Taniguchi, Hiroshi Kitakoji *Corresponding author’s affiliation: Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. [email protected]
Conference Abstracts
107
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of electrical acupuncture (EA) on colon transit (CT) in rats under restraint stress (RS) by using a radiopaque marker under X-ray techniques that was developed by us. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were used. Under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, an indwelling silastic cannula was inserted into the caecum and positioned to enter the proximal colon to administrate the radiopaque marker. Five days after the surgery, 20 metal radiopaque markers (1.5 mm4) were administrated into the proximal colon with saline (1.0 ml). The markers were observed throughout the GI tract via soft X-rays every 30 min for 120 min. Electroacupuncture (EA; 10 Hz, 1 mA, 0.5 ms) was performed at the bilateral ST-36 acupoint in the group of rats with RS but without EA and in the group of rats with RS and receiving EA. Results: CT was significantly increased by RS. Furthermore, radiopaque markers were passed out of the colon in under 60 min during RS. However, CT was delayed by EA, regardless of the stress loading. On the other hand, EA had no stimulatory effect on CT in normal rats, i.e., rats without RS. Conclusion: EA has already been reported to be able to inhibit stress-induced accelerated CT in animal experiments. Our results raise the possibility that EA at ST-36 may inhibit stress-induced accelerated CT. Keywords: colon transit, electrical acupuncture, rat, restraint stress, X-ray